Pasquale Paoli, Father of Modern Western Civilization; And the French Rûle of Corsica

Corsica’s Defense against France, 1767, and French RULE

By 1766, the Corsican flag (double black-on-white blindfolded moors) became familiar in all harbors along the coast of the Mediterranean. The scheming (Malfia-like) Genoaese had lost control of the Island. Leading the Genoa/Serene Republic, Sorba petitioned France to extend their troop-support residence beyond their agreed-upon withdrawal date (to end in 1768). He knew that the Republic could not hold onto the Island. Paoli’s solution was that Genoa accept Corsican Independence, and the Liberated nation of Corsica would compensate the Genoaese for the ports they vacated.
The Serene Republic was too vain and proud to accept that humiliation; and they instead decided to carry on their intrigues with the French Court, and try again to bribe and buy the loyalty of the islanders…and if all those measures failed, they continued to stir-up discontent, bigotry and revive the vendetta on the Isle!
To protect Corsican liberty, Pasquale Paoi, with a fleet of 2 Ships and about 250 men, sailed into Capraja on the 15 February 1767, into the harbor of Macinaggio. Gian Battista Ristori walked from his Corsican ranks, and made a declaration to the peoples of Capraja:

“Friends, we do not come here as conquerors. We are your brothers and you know this. Why then have we come? We are free, but you are still under the yoke of our common enemy. We come to share our liberty with you. Our cause is the same. Embrace us; march with us.”

Caprajans threw down their arms and rushed to embrace the Corsicans.
When at daybreak, the Genoaese commander, Baron Oltre, saw the flying Corsican Flag, he at once proclaimed that Macinaggio would be razed to the ground….Instead, the Genoaese ended-up having to flee. A felucca brought back the good news to Paoli in Centuri….

The pride of the Genoese was exacerbated. They would assemble the largest armada ever in their history! And, meanwhile, French Marshall Choiseul decided to do his part in settling the matter. Matteo Buttafuccio, traitor and colonel of the French-Royal-Corse, was sent to Paoli.
He treacherously (knowing that it was highly not the case) offered Corsica her independence IF THE GENOESE SUZERAINTY WAS FORMALLY RECOGNIZED AND THE GENOESE WERE ALLOWED CONTROL OF THE SEAPORTS! Choiseul was well aware that “The Treaty of Compiègne” had only a year left to run. If the French would then retire as agreed, the Corsicans would certainly be liberated masters of their own Isle.

The 05th of May 1767 brought the Genoaese Armada again to the coast of Capraja; and among them was Antonuccio Mantra and all his “Casa Nostra” mob-followers…Some of these knew the Island well….But, patriotism ran really high amongst the Corsicans, and many loyal Corsicans had sought refuge in Genoa…and were part of the conscripted seaman aboard the Armada. Some of these men were left in Civita; and while they were being mustered to man the Genoaese ships, that a mutiny broke-out: The exiles suddenly decided that they would no longer fight against their brothers.
One of the most respected officers in the Genoaese Service, Major Quenzi, resigned his commission rather then lead men against his countrymen.

It was not only the Serene Republic that was threatened, but also France on account-of the Commerce situation. Capraja lay athwart the Genoaese sealanes to the Lavant….If the Tuscan Seaway was denied to Genoaese and French shipping, the ships would have to go around Corsica itself! This startled the French into scheming a way around their soon-to-run-out Treaty!
The French knew that Genoaese rûle was a fiction; and that only their French troops in Corsica stood in the way of Corsican full Independence. The reports that Chauvelin received from Dumouriez convinced him and the French government that French troops could indeed overthrow Paoli. The French sought to annex Corsica. (This was already widely believed since 1735, as Campredon’s position.) It was to stop the progress of Britain in the Mediterranean, who already held Gilgraltar and Minorca. [AND JUST SEE WHAT THEY DID TO THOSE ISLANDS!!] France already lost Canada to the British in the “Seven Years French & Indian War” and Choiseul, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, knew it meant high recognition for him if he could so regain French Pride in harnessing Corsica.

Unfortunately, Pasquale Paoli did not know the manner in which Choiseul`s mind was working! Paoli knew that Corsica was admired throughout all Europe and America. He also knew that his principles put into action on the Isle of Beauty won him even the respect of many Frenchmen.

But there was the threat of an English intervention; and this was foremost in the mind of Choiseul. He schemed, lied and convinced Paoli…in the following manner:

Choiseul informed Paoli that if the Corsicans would permit Genoaese suzerainty over some coastal ports, Genoa would recognize Corsican Independence.
Paoli may have been trusting; but he certainly was no fool: on 03 June, Paoli rejected the offer.
Choiseul subsequently proposed that Genoa should maintain garrisons in Bastia, San Fiorenzo and capo Corso….Obviously Paoli rejected this as well.

Going on at the same time of these “negotiations”, was the Jesuit expulsion from Spain.
The Pope was unwilling to see all the Jesuit Fathers wandering homeless in Europe. So, he proposed to the Genoaese Senate, if they could be permitted to set-up home in Corsica. France, though, who already had expelled the Jesuits, was angered that the Genoaese was so quickly to offer them succor!…As a mark of displeasure, on the day that the Jesuit Fathers landed in Ajaccio, the French retired from the town…as a gesture, surrendering the fort to a Genoaese garrison before they officially left.
Immediately, Ajaccio was overrun and occupied by Paolists; and besieged the fortress. The Genoaese, in desperate straights, summoned MARBEUF who in-turn requested Paoli lift the siege.
Paoli did this, innocently and willing as ever to prove his respect for the French.
But still, the Jesuit Affair led to bitter enemity between the French and Genoaese Courts. The Genoaese knew though, that without the French protecting the Corsican ports for them, they would elsewise have to accept any terms Paoli pressed forth on them. The disastrous defense of Capraja cost them, 3,000.000 lires. G.B. Brignole of the Genoaese Senate planned for the Genoaese leave of the Island by accommodating the French, if only the French declined to formally relinquish recognition of Genoa’s authority and suzerainty over the Isle. The seaports that were leased to France in 1764, the French would continue to exercise autonomy, as well as other locations on the Island which the French deemed necessary for the safety of French troops. The French possession of the Isle was to be security for the repayment of expenses incurred by the French during the occupation.
This “Treaty of Genoa” proposed that at any time, the Genoese could reassert her rights to turn the French out IF THEY COULD PAY THE COST TO DATE OF THE LEASED OCCUPATION. For ten years, France was to pay the Serene Republic 200,000 livres a year for the advantages of governing-occupation of the Isle. In the bargain, the French were to free from Corsica, the island of Capraja and return Capraja to Genoa. In effect, the Genoaese just ceded the Isle of Corsica over to France!
Sorba sought that this treaty was effected.
But, everyone was skeptical of the sincerity of the French…knowing their full interests in the matter; as well as their desire to have complete autonomy over Corsica.
On 15 May 1768, Sorba and Choiseul negotiated and signed the GenoaeseTreaty! This was power politics as naked and unashamed as any power-politics could possibly be! All this was done without any approval by the Corsican people.

http://youtu.be/cW3zBYkYNZQ 

 Marbeuf IMMEDIATELY requested that Paoli totally leave the town of Ajaccio.
Paoli did not know the complete scheming going on. He relied on the good relations which existed between his government under the old Treaty of 1764. Paoli knew nothing of the closing provisions of the new treaty. Paoli therefore, asked point-blank for an explanation of the request to leave Ajaccio! Marbeuf lied to him brazenly: He told Paoli that the evacuation was requested so that the Treaty of 1764 could be terminated without any legal squabbles with the Genoese…and [deceivingly and out-right lying] said that this in no way affected the original Treaty or the determination of the French NOT TO ALTER THE STATUS OF THE ISLAND!
Paoli may have been doubtful; but he had no cause to distrust the French as the end of their occupation under the Genoaese was so near; AND HE DARED NOT DO ANYTHING THAT MIGHT BE CONSTRUED AS HARMFUL TO THE “DE FACTO” RELATIONS WHICH EXISTED AS OF YET WITH THE FRENCH and his (Paoli’s) government. On the19th of may, Paoli withdrew his forces from Ajaccio.

But, the threat was evident and soon clear. So, Paoli convened a Consulta at Corte on 22 May 1767. On the 22nd, as the representatives were gathering for the Consulta, news was brought of the tons of French transports arriving at the harbor of Ajaccio loaded down with French troops and artillery. The assembly was unnaturally quiet when Paoli entered. Paoli detailed what he knew of the negotiations of the past months.
“We had reached a position which I hoped would soon enable me to declare to the nation that our long labor was on the point of being crowned by an honorable peace. ON THE CONTRARY, all is now doubtful, dark and confused. Peace now appears further away from our shores. Our enemies sound more menacing. Our very existence may now be in danger…
The French had assured me, that if we suspended our operations against the ports that they had occupied, that they would retire at the end of the four-years’ agreement and we Corsicans would be free to assert our rights. I sacrificed all the manifold advantages we had because I honored the French King’s intentions toward us.”

Paoli told the assembled Consulta, that the Corsican people throughout the four year term of the French occupation was willing to negotiate and be part of a good agreement between Genoa and the Corsican peoples….accepting the French mediation was sure proof of this. But the Corsican people always insisted that any agreement had to guarantee Corsica her independence and unity of all nine provinces of the Isle. When it became quite clear that the Genoaese would not come to any agreement of this kind alone, the Corsicans were expected to believe that the introduction of French forces would be for peace-keeping purposes only; and the French would accordingly retire from the Isle once the four years ended, and thus the inhabitants of this fair Isle would be free to settle their own differences with the Serene Republic.

“We had regarded the rumors which reached the Isle of some sort-of dubious provisional cession of Corsica, by the Genoaese to the French, as baseless and indeed incredible, YET, the French have just disembarked troops…and other arrivals of French troops are now expected. We are completely ignorant of the motives behind this landing and of the end for which the expedition is intended. But, naturally enough, this event alarms the whole nation. You have gathered here for purpose of considering the French action and of adopting the measures that you judge will be the most efficacious in the PRESERVATION OF OUR LIBERTY AND INDEPENDENCE. I have no doubt the measures that you undertake today will be worthy of the people who have chosen you for their representatives.”

Paoli immediately wrote to the French government concerning the enormous attachment of French troops to the isle.

At the University of Corte, a patriotic student exhorted:
“If foreigners land on our shores to sustain the pretensions of their allies, we will face them!…may our resolution never fail and may our enemies, whatever may be their name, learn by experience that the conquest of Corsica is not an easy task. There are in this country free men and free men know how to die!”

The old Genoaese art of bribery and corruption tried to peek open again with a vengeance, this time through Marbeuf and the French!…while always deceivingly claiming neutrality and friendship toward Paoli’s government. This was obvious deceit, as the true intentions of the French was known, even if to only a few of the French officers serving in Corsica.
General Paoli was indeed uneasy, but prepared to hold his forces in check until the truce between the French and Corsican people expired on 07 August.
Until the French actually attacked, he had estimated that a free Corsica and her people could still be a reasonable expectation.

Unexpectedly, at this very moment, Paoli’s government was awarded full diplomatic recognition by Tunisia!
(Some months back, a Tunisian ship ran aground near Balagna’s coast. When Paoli heard of it, he gave immediate instructions that the Tunisian sailors were to be succored and all Tunisian goods returned to them.
Paoli’s order was obviously obeyed; for the Balagna people counted Paoli’s word as divine. Paoli then offered to repair the ship and provisioned with a new set of sails along with many gifts for the Bey of Tunis.
The Bey of Tunis was astounded that Christians would act so toward them; and he repaid the Corsicans and Paoli in kind. “The Bey salutes you and wishes you well”, one of his secretaries announced as they landed at Isola Rossa in July. Paoli at Corte shook his hand, and catching him at his arm, conducted the ambassador to the Palace. There followed a series of talks and gift-giving. Paoli was given an Arabian horse, two ostriches, a tiger, pistol-pair, and a diamond sword.
The Ambassador attended Paoli’s “Council of State” to see how the Corsicans operated.)

Fun and games were short experiences….
The Soubise regiment of Calvary disembarked at San Fiorenzo, and demanded to be permitted to procede to Bastia. Paoli, still suspicious (but diplomatic as ever) agreed PROVIDED THAT THE THE REGIMENT PROCEED ONLY WITH UNLOADED WEAPONS.
Agreeing, the French continued onto Bastia unmolested.
STILL, in reality, the French had already decided upon war: all they needed now was a pretext/ an excuse.
Finally, Marbeuf informed Paoli that the Marquis de Chauvelin was on his way to the Island ready to fully explain the intentions of the Duc de Choiseul. Paoli MUST, along with the village of Isola Rossa admit all the coming French troops!

This demand, obviously, was designed to break the truce and provoke a breach.

Paoli surely felt that the time for diplomacy was at an end. A clear Corsican stand had to be made…But before he had even time to reply to Marbeuf, the FRENCH LAUNCHED THEIR FIRST ATTACK!

Such was the act of French cynical “chagrin” complete, especially now that they were in a strong, fortified position on the island. Marbeuf’s extremely heavy attack overwhelmed the Corsican forces. The unexpectedness of the attack, the perfidy of “good-will”, the so-many “professions of friendship”. The keys to Capo Corso were lost to the French.. Before long, the French occupied all the peninsula coast. Corsican men were either killed or captured. The French attacked the defenders even on the east coast. Casella had sent the remainder of his garrison to the aid of Barbaggi’s Tower. The next day, the sentinels in the tower saw the approaching French troops. A feeling of defeat was finally coming over the Corsican people.
But Casella feigned-on; fooling the French that he had a batallion of men with him. A white-flag came toward him at the fortress-tower, asking him terms for surrender….Casella demanded that his garrison should march out with full honors of war, and furnish horses to draw away the cannon. Grand French-General Maison consented. Accordingly, with the Documents of capitulation exchanged, French granadiers lined-up at the foot of the tower to render the honors due to the surrendering “garrison”. The door opened, and out-marched Casella. The French commander inquired of the old-man, “Where is the rest of your garrison?”….Casella proudly exclaimed “I am the garrison”! The terms for the capitulation were accurately observed….

The deliberate “chagrin” of the French roused the Islanders to a fury. Once again, the clergy were preaching a Holy War in the glens..Clemente Paoli managed to repulse the French forces of the Marquis de Chauvelin (who had managed to sail back to Corsica from the ports of Provence with an official French commision)! But the marquis brought some 9,000 additional troops making a total under his command of 13,000. The arrival of Chavelin spelt an end to Corsican libertarian hopes. The English government, led by the Chathamites, under their Prime Minister Grafton, was completely opposed to any Corsican aid. Weymouth and the Bedford Whigs were unanimous. This was the main decision rendering in Choiseul thinking. Since England would not go to war over Corsica, he was free to press forward with his attack upon Corsica.
But the sudden “dénouement” was unexpected by Paoli. Upon the arrival to Corsica of Chauvelin, Paoli announced, “While Rome deliberates, Saguntuum is lost.”

Along with the hoards of French troops, Chauvelin proclaimed he and the French WERE THEIR LEGITIMATE RÛLERS, announced his “Social Contract” over Corsica….and immediately forbade them to ever sail under the Corsican national-flag. Paoli replied:

“Already our nation has shown how little claim the Genoaese had to our island. All the powers of Europe, especially France, have recognized us in practice AS A FREE AND INDEPENDENT PEOPLE. So France has treated us, until the last few years. Even if Genoa had possessed the sovereignty she falsely claimed, would she now be able to transfer it to another nation WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THOSE SHE PROFESSED TO GOVERN? SHE HAS NO RIGHT TO DO SO, FOR THE BASIS OF SOVEREIGNTY IS THE PEOPLE.”

Paoli issued a call to all the Corsican Islanders to keep the ranks they had closed against the Invaders. The French again had taken over the old-malfia Genoaese tactic, assuring the Islanders that the King of France was going to make Corsica a model French state! And that Paoli was leading them astray. Falsely he Chauvelim said he would pardon the chiefs who deserted General Paoli and submitted to the King! The Chiefs would be paid handsomely for their submission….
Paoli aimed to counter the French blandishments with his ernest appeal to the Islander’s love of country and liberty. His inspiring proclamation reads:

“Let each take-up his appointed position. We will show them that we are not to be treated like a flock of old sheep bought in a market-place; for, that is what they are trying to do. Always, there have been strangers between ourselves and the Genoaese, preventing us from a decision by negotiating or by the force of our arms, and always, as a result, Justice and Honor have been trampled in the mud. Now we are face to face with our last enemy. Citizens, I know the danger is great but I know too, we are not accustomed to count the number of our foes.”

Corsicans could not be divided and intended to fight. Chauvelin quickly came to this realization and launched a full scale attack to crush the Corsicans. The French brought with them all the necessary weapons for an unpresidented attack, hailing a shell of bombs and bullets, Furiani was taken. The town was reduced to ruins. Houses were set afire.. But the French were less successful in their attempts to storm the passes of the Nebbio; still, effectively pinned-down, Clemente Paoli’s forces could make no progress. The French advanced to the bridge across the Golo.* Chauvelin used french warships and transports to effect a landing in the rear of the defenders of the Golo. The French commander, Arcambal landed and attacked with all their force the bridge of the Golo. Corsicans, who in the last stage of the Great Battle, fought from behind a rampart of their dead. The traitor, Buttafucio occupied his native village of Vescovato.
The Junta of the Casinca, established at the Convent of San Antonio della Casabianca (where Paoli’s Gereralship was inaugerated), counter-attacked. It became a rallying place. Clemente Paoli rode rapidly from Nebbio’s mountains to take command of the forces at Casinca. But the French were everywhere. Emmisaries of Bottafucio, came down proclaiming the Corsican cause to be lost; so please surrender! Clemente Paoli, this warrior-monk to be, turned these village traitors over to the Fathers of the Commune for trial and punishment; and then launched a furious attack on Vescovato. The French viciously burned the olive and chesnut groves in the area; but they were overwhelmed by the onrush of Clemente’s militia. Vescovato fell, the French army split…retreating to Penta. Heavy losses or not, Clemente Paoli wasted no time, and pushed-on with his detachments, storming Penta.
As soon as it was reported to him of his brother’s successes, Pasquale Paoli gave orders to all his Commanders on every front to make an all-out attack on the French positions…. The French were highly unused-to such furious and impetuous attacks and were successfully driven from Vignale, after suffering heavy losses, leaving their munitions and provisions for a whole division, in the hands of the Corsicans. Colle pursued the French across the “macchia” of Nebbio.
Clemente Paoli, led by Serpentini, mopped-up the French forces in the Casinca. General Arcambal regrouped at Loreto and made head for the Golo. Clemente detached his best troops over the mountains to help sieze the Bridge over the Golo (*: as I previously reported)
The French arrived at Lagobenetto, finding the bridge occupied by the patriots…. Gen. Arcambal ordered his troops to swim or ford across the river. Of the 2000 French, only 500 made the far-bank. In Borgo, the French believed that they were safe….On the night of 07 October, Paoli issued orders to all his commanders in the east to gather under the walls of Borgo. He held a council of War with them; at which unanimously they decided to attack the village. On the evening of 09 October the assent to capture Borgo began. The French had 4000 infantry, 300 Calvary, nine pieces of artillery, and were commanded by the Marquis de Chauvelin. Added to that were the 1500 men of Gen. Maison who had attempted to advance to the mountains of Oletta…. At mid-day, Nabonne-Fritzlar (commanding the German genadiers of the Saxony & Rovergue Regiments) ORDERED A SUICIDAL bayonet-charge. The Corsicans held firm and the French finally retreated. Colonel de Ludre suffered the humiliation of seeing the Corsical national-flag flying from the ramparts of the town.

For France to have suffered such a defeat astonished all of Europe. But Paoli’s Captain Ristori was being held captive in Bastia. Paoli wrote:

“Against their own best interests the French today make war against a people which had always delighted to be on good terms with them. And now they complain that I am seeking assistance from a foreign power, as if that were a crime! Indeed, if I were the master of thunder I would use it for the defense of the liberty and independence of my country. On the other hand, I would not, however, refuse any proposal from the King of France, which might spare us our National identity. We would really respond to any overtures of that nature, but if they do not come, I know where my duty lies and be assured I will do it.”

If England attempted to give Corsica even a shadow of support…such would, he hoped, persuade France to recognise the danger of having another enemy in the Mediterranean. The British government dissolved in November 1768, but even with the new Parliament, a “Corsican” motion was defeated 230 votes to 84. They had more things to worry about, particularly in the Americas.
French money seems to be accomplishing what French arms could not. Chauvelin’s agents in Capraja bought Astolfi, and Astolfi surrendered Capraja without even one shot. But at Leghorn, Angelo di Franceschi would not assent to the King. He answered that he already owed allegiance to a Queen [Mary] who favored her subjects with Liberty.. Yet Paoli would not punish the families of those who gave their allegiance to France. Paoli stated that he would not sacrifice the many innocent for the sake of the few guilty.
Paoli’s friend, the Abbé Rostino, said of him:
“We do not believe that he can be deceived or that he will ever deceive us.”
And, the islanders were willing to follow Paoli wherever he led them. But Paoli was no vain dreamer: He understood that fighting a guerrilla war would not only hurt the trust of honor shown him by the world; but that with the passage of a short time, France would remain strong, and Corsica gradually would become weaker and weaker, without a male patrimony to sustain her as a nation. So, Paoli wrote to the Duc de Choieul, his enemy, and outlined a plan which he presumed would satisfy both France and his nation….
Paoli proposed that royal Authority would be recognized by Corsicans; but that the Corsican people would have (and perpetually retain) their own right to manage her own affairs internally, and continue to make he own laws, as per sé the Constitution that was already operative. France should protect Corsica from any further aggression or attacks; and Corsica would supply France with troops if France became militarily involved with any other power…an equal number of Corsicans would serve France in any possession she might stipulate on the continent or the Americas.

There was agitated discussion at the French court; for it was widely believed that the King was thinking about accepting Paoli’s proposal. But Choiseul would not make any attempt in replying to Paoli. It offended his “pride” too much. Besides, Choiseul now saw what his money could buy; and he was ready to make more purchases..
Balagna was behind Paoli all the way…

At the Port of Isola Rossa, two Englishmen, Fawkener and Menzies awaited him. They had ascribed for the Corsican patriots 8,000 British Pounds Sterling. They regretted that the legacy was so small. It was bestowed by an old man who said “he left his little fortune to Liberty and its struggle with Royal despotism on the island of Corsica.” He gave it “to that liberty, for which heroes shed their blood and sacrifice their lives.”

Then there were two emissaries from France who wished to see Paoli as well.They were the priests, Guasco and Morazzini. Paoli met them in the company of Falkener and Menzies at the Convent of Santa Reparata on the 13th of November 1768. They conveyed Chauvelin’s hope for a winter “reprisal” or temporary “armistice”. Paoli sent them back, telling them that “it was a matter of indifference to us whether we die in one season, or another.”
Chauvelin took the news just as he suspected. He knew that his new well-laid plot was about to be hatched.: Guido Peraldi and Fillipo Banconi, making contact with Abbé Fabbiani, seduced the weak abbot by promise of ecclesiastical promotion! Fabbiani was thus able to subvert his nephew who was an officer at Isula Rossa.
But, when confronted by the suggestion, Fabbiani’s nephew (totally devoted to Paoli) outright refused partaking in the scheme.
Then Dumouriz played another “plan”: The Abbé contacted Comte de Perez (captain of Paoli’s naval Fleet) whose flagship presently lay in the Bay of Isola Rossa.. Accepting the bribe, Perez was to persuade his crew consisting of the Paoli loyal Knights of Malta, which were protecting [for Paoli] the Corsican coasts. Most of these Maltese refused, so, boat-loads of French at night boarded the vessel and ousted the Maltese and Paoli’s dedicated followers.
Perez then hoisted a lantern aloft as a signal to the French warship cruising just off-shore, “La Provence”, which rapidly then landed their French troops just outside Isola Rossa,sailing into the harbor, opening fire on the citadel. Paoli’s guard was out-numbered, BUT from the surrounding houses came Paoli’s followers. So Dumourez and Perez scuttled swiftly back to their boats…BUT the traitor Abbé Fabbiani drowned as his bateau overturned!
Perez hardly landed his treacherous crew at Ajaccio when again he was proposing another scheme to the Comte de Narbonne (who was commanding the French troops on the western end of the Isle…. He proposed enlisting the Oltremonti Greek decendents on the Isle (which had been transported by the Genoese to Ajaccio from the Peloponnesos in 1676); whom he thought were outcasts to Paoli’s people, as they were not “Roman” Catholics. He would supply them with weapons!

note from “maccorsica”:

I should point out that the Greek Church at Cargese is not Greek Orthodox, but a Catholic Church of the Byzantine rite. That’s how they are allowed to have a single priest serving both churches; the Vatican would never allow one of its priests to conduct a Greek Orthodox mass.
When the Greeeks came to Corsica (to escape the Ottomans) at the invitation of the Genoese Government, it was made a condition of entry that they should abandon Greek Orthodoxy (with its different date for Easter, Patriach of Constantinople etc) and embrace the Roman Catholic Faith. They were however allowed to continue to celebrate their masses in the Greek language.
There have been more than a few hints over the years that some of the community have leaned in the direction of Orthodoxy despite their ancestors’ assurances, but now, sadly, the community does not even speak Greek as its first language any more. Cargese’s last Greek speaker died in the 1970s.

Abbatucci was laying ill, but he dragged himself out-of-bed to lead the Ajaccienne faithful to victory…Again driving back Perez! Perez took ship, as quickly as possible, for France…. Next, the French tried bribing young Matteo Massesi. He would be given a high position in the new French Government to be set-up in Corsica! Oddly enough, the letter to Matteo fell out of his pocket, was intercepted; and Paoli’s followers sent Matteo to Corte to be tried. The young man, ashamedly confessed..along with the Viceroy.

Then there arrived ten new batallions of Infantry from France, as well as two squadrons of Calvary.
Chauvelin planned a concerted attack, and the Corsicans were raised to a new degree of boldness and commitment. Within a week, they had swept the French out-of almost all the of Murato. They stormed and took back their village of Barbaggio.
Chauvelin finally reached the conclusion that Corsica was not worth the expense of men and monies necessary to achieve a conquest…resulting in Chauvelin being recalled to France on 28th December 1768. The Comte de Marbeuf was promoted to Lieutenant General. Oletta held a garrison of some 1500 French troops, quartered mainly at its great Church which the French turned into barracks! Grand-Maison governed the village by a deliberate system of terror and repression. Any Corsican found, without a French issued pass or not back a an appointed time, would find his entire family imprisoned or worse. All Corsicans were totally disarmed, were not permitted to hunt. Any violation would mean instant execution without trial for the perpetrator and his family….Grand-maison had ordered martial law; summery executions were publicly made…and a church-plot to blow-up the Church in Oletta was foiled.

Two of Paoli sea-captains, Paciola di Calvi and Lazaro Costa cost the French 2,000,000 francs. By the December’s end of 1769, they successfully captured two French warships which were bringing aas a relief to the French forces in Corsica, 3000 muskets, 340 barrels of gun -powder and 160,000 of francs worth of uniforms, Abbatucci with his fighting force of priests Guagno and Guilio Foata occupied the Jesuit Convent in Ajaccio.

But the traitors in Olmeta enables the French to regain possesion totally of the town; and then later retook the Jesuit Convent in Ajaccio as well. The French already had thirty batallions of Infantry on the island. That was increased to 45! Three regiments of french Calvary were already at Bastia, and they were also brought-up in strength…by adding a fourth! Obviously the Mantra clan volunteered to add their weight ot deriding the Paolist government. These evil men were calles the “corps of Vttoli” after the Sampieo murders in 1765. Corsicans would defend their native soil to the very end; but Paoli was concerned about the utter destruction of his beautiful people. He did not want Corsicans to become an extinct race. Accordingly, on 15 April 1769, Paoli convoked an extraordinary Consulta at San Antonio della Casabianca in the Casinca….Amid wild cheering resolutions were carried for “a leveé en masse”…every Corsican able-bodied from ages 6 to 60 were put at the disposition of Corsican freedom.
“Since all Corsicans enjoy the same advantage of Liberty it is just that they all take part in its defense.”
Priests and Monks preached a holy war against their French invaders. Paoli knew that the French had, at the commencement of de Vaux’s attack, as many men as there were living, native inhabitants of Corsica. Perhaps Paoli, as a devout Catholic, hoped in his innermost heart for a miracle. If Corsica was defeated as a nation, its overthrow would be that of a nation, not of a guerrilla-band. He also believed in the ultimate victory of Justice over Evil. He was sure, that if Corsica would not be free within his own lifetime, in the fullness of time, eventually Corsica would be a free nation before God.

In the presence of Lord Pembroke and Admiral Smith, Englishmen on unofficial business visiting the isle, reviewed his assembled troops.. In their company were two Italian painters who painted the General’s picture. In Paoli’s regiment were two companies of Swiss and Prussian volunteers, as well as a corps of Tuscan volunteers of which the Paoli brothers were extremely proud-of.

de Vaux marched out of San Fiorenzo with 24 batallions and several squadrons of cavalry. They occupied the village of San Pietro di Tenda. Marbeuf had six infantry batallions and a regiment of Calvary. Grand-Maison in Oletta had a fourth batallion of Infantry. The French were everywhere! They had such masses of artillery in action; and all day long French cannons boomed.. On the 4th, de vaux#s troops moved against the village of Rapale. The fighting for the town was more than savage….Paoli’s two most trusted captains, Gaffori and Grimaldi, unknown to him, turned traitors!
Initially it was Paoli’s express wish that the Golo was to be held at all costs. The bridge at Pontenuovo was protected by 15,000 troups under his Commandere Saliceti. he sent 1000 more men from Rostino.
But Gaffori, the turn-coat, neglected to fortify Lento (believed intentionally), and this is where we get the widely used term of “a gaff”! There was hopeless confusion.. The Corsicans put-up a desperate resistence until nightfall. Their heroic struggle was in vain. the french had unlimited numbers of reinforcements.
Pontenuovo was obviously the decisive battle. Treachery had caused the Corsican defeat. There were so many accounts of treason at this bridge! The despair this caused was increased was only increased as it became known that Cavavaggia was betrayed by Grimaldi!

 

 

 

 

 

F.D. Guerrazzi: The Night of Ponte Novo  Dalzeto, Sébastien : ” Ponte Novo, un Epoque”     Auteur :Dalzeto, Sébastien  Editeur : Longin  Langue : Français  Parution : 1926  Format : Moyen (Roman, BD, guide de voyage…Nombre de pages : 210

Paoli 3 : Ponte Novu, la couverture (PASQUALE PAOLI) posté le mardi 15 septembre 2009 19:38

Et voilà, le tome 3 de la série Paoli est terminé. Ponte Novu sortira en même temps que les coffrets collectors en décembre 2009. Voici la couverture de ce troisième et dernier volume.

Paoli 3 : les couleurs bientôt terminées (PASQUALE PAOLI) posté le samedi 12 septembre 2009 19:54

Paoli 3, Ponte Novu, c’est pour bientôt. En attendant, je vous propose de découvrir un très court extrait mis en couleurs par Bruno Pradelle. Dans moins d’une semaine, l’album partira à l’imprimerie.

Les dessins du Paoli 3 sont terminés (PASQUALE PAOLI) posté le dimanche 06 septembre 2009 18:59

Et bien voilà, cette fois l’aventure Pasquale Paoli touche à sa fin. C’est aujourd’hui qu’Eric Rückstühl a terminé les dessins du Paoli 3. Une aventure de trois ans qui se termine. L’album, qui s’intitulera “Ponte Novu”, est actuellement à la couleur (Bruno Pradelle) et sortira en décembre prochain. L’album sera également vendu dans un coffret collector. Néanmoins, ma collaboration avec Eric va continuer, puisque nous avons deux autres séries qui débuteront en 2010 : les Petits Bagnards (titre provisoire), ainsi qu’une série d’humour qui se déroule en Corse. J’ai également d’excellentes nouvelles de mes autres projets. Mais c’est secret pour l’instant…

The defeat at Pontenuovo caused such a loss of heart that the people were unwilling to continue the struggle.
de Vaux bribed the villages of the interior…but along with blandishments, also came intimidations so severe: Any Corsican found with an arm, with or without ammo would be sent directly to the gallows.
4000 French marched out of Calvi. de Vaux’s troops advanced from the South. The Corsicans were held-up at Isola Rossa; and as many of them as possible embarked on an English vessel and were taken to Ajaccio. Paoli shifted his headquarters to Vivario. Abbatucci held the French troops off until his people and command were successfully on a transport sailing out-of Ajaccio. Clemente informed his brother Pasquale that the “other side of the mountains” had no more troops to spare. The Corsicans caused the French disproportionate losses, but Paoli was now discouraged with the knowledge of such great miseries a continuance of guerrilla warfare would impose on the Corsican populace. From Vivario, Paoli gave the order to continue fighting only for long enough to enable the most deeply compromised of their leaders to “make their way to the other side of the mountains” or, if that be impossible, to some place on the east coast where they might embark for Tuscany.
Paoli himself waited, entrenched in Vivario, until he was completely ensured that this had been accomplished. Then Paoli made his way to Porto-Vecchio, where on the 12 June, he was enabled to embark on an English vessel placed at his disposal by Admiral Smith. With him went 300 of his most faithful accomoraderie. About 300 others escaped intermittently to the Leghorn.

Paoli advised those who remained in Corsica to try to make peace with the French.² He could not believe that the cause of Liberty for Corsica was lost forever. In England, if and when he reached there, he would plead his cause to the world. But, Paoli’s first task was to see to the well-being of his fellow refugees. Corsicans were widely popular in Tuscany. They found employment in army and civil life. Still, many like Clemente, retired to a Monastic life or to Convents in Tuscany… Some eventually went to the New Smyrna colony of St. Augustine, Florida in the new World!. [Andrew Tumball, the Scot and physician of the East Florida Society in London conceived of a plan to bring colonists to Florida.]

The French had little affection for the Corsican monks who had supported Paoli. The French were all too aware that the Monasteries still kept the memory of Paoli hallowed. The Civil Commission was to appease those, who remained on the island and did not too radically deviate from Paoli’s system of government. But the islanders rejected the taxes. A shepherd said to the French collection officials, “Yes, we GAVE it to Paoli; but YOU TAKE IT FROM US!” The Corsicans viewed themselves as a defeated Nation, NOT as a conquered people.. Their clan system had been slighted, their chosen leaders were driven into exile, their liberty lost. They resented everything “French”! Out of sight of the island, merchant ship hoisted the Corsican National Flag, but this time with bandaged eyes. But then the French proceeded to re-organize the Paoli government into their French-government away from Corsicans.. The French began to enforce their ways all the more firmly. Suspected liberating sympathisers were quickly cut-down without trials, and stigmatised Corsican “bandits” were to hung from the nearest trees immediately, without any court proceedings. Families of those Corsicans who had gone into “Diaspora” were quickly deported. On 20 April 1771, and person helping or aiding a “bandit” or who had even written to a Corsican exile was to be immediately arrested and imprisoned. The “Podesta Majors” were commanded to squeal on any citizenry and provide lists of any suspected deviators. Fires could not be lit, or any other action that could be construed a signal. In August 1772, draconian measures were implanted. No Corsican could absent himself from the village without written French authorical permission. Everyone had to be enrolled upon a register. If not enrolled, he was proclaimed a fugitive.. If one did not return to his village before 6 months passed, he was declared a criminal and all his possessions were convascated. Four territorial juntas were set-up which had to cooperate with French troops. Mounted police were established in Bastia. Corsican politicians were to be “broken at the wheel”. many houses were burned to the ground; no Corsicans would hold any office again.
By 1774 pressures were mounting so high, that it exploded into a revolt. Corsicans were brought out in defense of Corsica, just at the mention of Paoli’s name….
Sionville overran the fortress of Bastia. He attempted NO JUSTICE. In every village, men between 8 and 60 were dragged out of their habitations and automatically hung. What was so hideous about Sionville’s vengeance over the Corsican people, remains in Corsican popular memory and song. Sionville repeatedly hanged any relatives of rebels he could find. No one was immune to his wrath. Not even those of second-degree cousinhood were safe from Sionville and his punishments. , To those that freely surrendered to him (at his word that he would place them in exile only) he DID NOT KEEP HIS WORD. He strangled some on the spot; others were sent to rot in dungeons on the continent at Toulon. His cynicism, brutality and arbitrariness sunk firmly into the Corsican conscience…. 20 years later, Corsicans were telling Pasquale Paoli of the horrors inflicted by the marching brigadiers.
Narbonne-Fritzlare was hated as much as Sionville. He governed the island from August 1774 to May 1775. He was ruthless. His year of governance was smoky, bloody, full of trampling troops, blazing cabins…and he filled from the streets of Bastia cartloads of his prisoners…sending them on loathsome, overloaded ships to Toulon.
Marbeuf returned then to rûle. He took within his quarters a mistress, Madame de Varese. he was full of injustices, vanity and pride. One of his most infamous of procedures was his condemnation of GIACOMO PIETRO ABBUTUCCI to the gallows (Paoli’s former side-Lieutenent in the “Olremonti”). Abbutucu had freely surrendered to the French. Why did Marbeuf hate Abbutucci so much? Abbutucci retained the respect and liking of even the most intransigent of Corsicans by his sweet disposition, moderation and good sense. His most damaging crime in the view of Marbeuf was that he authored a pamphlet complaining about Marbeuf’s mode of rûle!.
Marbeuf established foreign colonies from Lorraine who spoke only German, at Poretto. At Chiavari and galeria he settled genoese.. At Cargese, in 1774, he established Greeks, who were refugees from Ajaccio (after turning on their Roman Catholic brothers). Marbeuf died in 1784. [Upon the opening of the French Revolution, the citizens of Bastia smashed his marble tomb within the Great Cathedral to bits and pieces.]
In 1784, on the demise of Marbeuf, Vicomte de Barrin took over. Pasquale Paoli kept a close watch on Corsican Affairs.
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²: Hundreds of eyes were said to scan the horizon off of the Corsican coasts for any boats bringing news from France; but no one was permitted to write to any relatives who might have sought refuge off of the Island. Tod do so meant to be executed immediately by the French without trial or notification to family members. This was “the great diaspora”, where knowledge of families were lost for generations! There were an exceedingly large number of French troops on the island. The remaining population was agitated by French taxes Corsicans officials were constantly being replaced by foreign entrepreneurs and others placed into positions of authority by the French who knew or cared little for the Corsican people or their customs. France was determined to make Corsica into a model French State.
Cherier, on 07 September professed that he would not permit Corsicans commerce. He would not allow money be passed”to the enemies of France”; he would hang them first before this would happen! This declaration was seen as a threat to all Corsicans remaining on the Island.
When Cherier left his house, he was attacked. Pro-French families prudently took ship for Provence. Ajaccio soon followed the example of Bastia. At Corte and Sartene and Bonifacio similar occurrences prevailed. The villages of the interior were uncontrollable. There, the French government collapsed. In glen after glen, communities were personally electing commitees to take over French appointed officials. When news reached Paris, on what was disastrously happening to the French in Corsica, Saliceti and Cesari devised a plan. They were to set-up a “National Committee”, composed of 22 members from the island. The Commitee would have an executive inspector in each of the 12 French-created jurisdictions. The Committee would be responsible to the decrees of the French National Assembly. even though this proposal would have given Corsicans a larger measure of autonomy, and many Paolists embraced it. Barrin rejected the whole plan, and ordered that French troops would be sent again to the island to restore french order. General Gaffori once united the Island…and his memory was still revered was sent to Ajaccio. Once he landed, he said that his sole ambition was to release Corsicans from servitude to liberty. The name he bored assure good-will and an assurance of Freedom. But the town was divided. Gaffori’s patriots hoped to pluck at least a degree of independence for their compatriots. Among them was Napoleon Bonaparte, a 20 year-old artillery lieutenant (who father was Paoli’s secretary). He had recently returned to Corsica, hopeful of employment. Paoli at first also believed that “The Constituent Assembly” would freely grant Corsica her liberty. His expectation was a disappointment. The Corsican cause WAS his cause. Paoli sent Masseria on two rejected the National Committee of Saliceti and Cesari as dangerous and impositions. There were many good intentions towards the General on the Island; but none expected the Corsicans to regain their freedom. In October, Paoli tried dialogue to break the status quo. He sent Antonio Gentili to Paris, where Gentili conversed with Lafayette and la Tour du Pin. Gentili explained that Paoli had given-up on the idea of an Independent Corsica in hope of creating a government in accordance to his Constitution implemented from 1755, along with the ancient character and Institutions and Traditions of the Isle. NOT TO BE BASED UPON THE SLAVISH FRENCH MODEL. Gentili recalled the happy days of Monsieur de Cursay where Corsican customs mingled with the happy Corsican rûle. He wanted to recreate a similar, happy state of affairs. La Tour du pin and Lafayette had firm doubts of ANY collaboration with General Paoli. The peace that Gaffori hoped to establish could NOT endure. The Manifesto of the Twelve rejected the proposals of Saliceti and Cesari.
A manifesto, by the hand of Napoleon Bonaparte who led the Ajaciennes, was presented on 31 October. Meanwhile, Narbonne commanding 50,000 troups relieved Gaffori and reasserted a Tyranny on their Island. Ajaccio was seething. Bastia broke into open rebellion. the French saw Bastians as “beggars and Italians”. Civil War loomed again….

____________________________________________________________________

In 1773 Corsica was rûed by France’s “Ministry of War”. Financial matters were under the control of Abbé Terany. His agents were reckoned amongst the blackest of all the island’s oppressors. They were two Lorrainers: The Coster Brothers. They themselves remained in Versailles. they sent their representatives…hoards of their relatives and clients who fed greedily upon Corsican natural resources and the people.. To be part of the governing administration, it was said one must be a Lorrainer or related to a Lorrainer.. The reign of the Costers was truly deplorable.. Almost everything they used was imported from France (dress, food, drink, furniture, etc.). The French Inspector of Agriculture would not give permits to native Corsicans to farm. During the 20 years of French rûle, no benefits came came from agriculure and husbandry. They were not permitted to pasture their land, cultivate their fileds, etc. In 1789, when Paoli came back, he noted that Corsicans had neither ploughs, nor stables, nor dairies. Paoli who always treasured the choice Corsican Vineyards, was broken-up viewing the condition from neglect of the orchards of his land. French custom dues were unusually heavy. Fishermen were forbidden to fish by The French Royal African Company. Prior under Paoli’s administration, there numbered over 140 craft; and over 1000 men were employed in their coral-fishing industry alone!
Paoli had an extensive road-system built, and he improved the roads throughout Corsica by 1768; now, they were in a state of ruin and people had to resort to using the old mountain passes and back alleys. Public works under the French, were executed by swarms of money-bagging entrepreneurs…acting like locusts. (They charged three times the amount any decent Corsican would ask for the same work performed.) The French also introduced a system of monopolies. The rights to sell, especially farmed-meats, skyrocketed. And since they were forbidden to hunt, they were forced to pay exuberant prices for meats and meat products. The monopolies also cornered the corn and chestnut industries. They held all the granaries. They forced those who lived in the Interior to repay the sellers on their borrowings from them into the next years harvests!. Everything was costly and uncertain. The judicial system which the French set-up obviously malfunctioned in vice of greed and special interest groups. The juntas overruled any court procedures and were oppressive. The Supreme Council was staffed by unqualified foreigners and lawyers with no legal-experience (only family ties to the rûlers on the Continent).

To the great Corsican people, whom Paoli had taught to respect law-givers and teachers as amongst the noblest of professions, the French officers were truly an incompetent bunch of thugs.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDqpCuzdNYs&feature=player_embedded

http://bertocchini.artblog.fr/r8900/PASQUALE-PAOLI/

 Pasquale Paoli or triple resistance

Corsica had sent two deputy-representatives to the “States-Generale”, and Napoléoné dearly hoped this would end the occupation of the “Royal-Commissioners” in Corsica. Napoléoné wanted to command the Local Militia; and Joseph desired to be an elected-official deputy! He truly had hopes now of fulfilling Paoli’s dream of a free and independent nation of Corsica.
In Dec. 1789 the newly formed the “Constuent Assembly” in France declared that Corsica was no longer just a possession but a full fledged “Department of the Country of France. Napoléoné was saddened, and ordered his mother Letizia to hoist up banners: “Viva la Nationé; Viva Paoli”….

It was therefore logical that Paoli was received well, in triumph, by the Paris Convention, after a long winded speech by the young Napoléoné Buonaparté. The Marquis de Lafayette served Paoli well as a guide to Paris.” Pasquale Paoli to Napoléoné: “There is nothing modern about you: You are a character out of Plutarch.” So, Paoli was invited back by the DIRECTOIRE, to become the miltary Governeur of Corsica and appointed head of the Corsican National Guard and President of the General Council. Joseph received his dream; and was chosen as one of the three delegates to receive Paoli ! When Paoli returned from British exile, Paoli greeted Joseph like a long-lost son; and presented Joseph with a portrait of Paoli (that his father Carlo drew of him on the back of a playing-card) when Carlo was his First Secretary.Letizia treasured this.
From 1789-1791, Paoli only wished to preserve good relations on the Island with the French Government.
Paoli was 64 years of age; and Letizia in her mid-thirties believed Paoli was making unwarrented advances toward her! Things got very mixed-up…with Paoli believing that Napoléoné was rejecting his authority….Nothing could have been further from the truth; as Napoléoné adored Pasquale Paoli.
Napolèoné believed a HIGHER VENGEANCE at work; that over all human affairs there broods a DIVINE regulative JUSTICE! In the reforms Napoléoné wished accomplished, he saw the tragic fate of those he envisages for the reformation….BUONAPARTé wrote a 40 page essay, of which he submitted for a prize of 1200 livres offered by THE ACADEMY OF LYON in answer to the QUESTION: “What are the Most Important Truths and feelings to instill into men for their happiness?”
Napoléoné began with an epigraph: “Morality will exist when governments are free” [echoing Raynal’s “Good morals depend upon good government”]. Napoléoné writes: “Man is born to be happy: Nature, an enlightened mother, has endowed him with all the organs necessary to this end. So, happiness is the enjoyment of Life in the way most suitable to man’s constitution.And every man is born with a right to that part of the fruits of the earth necessary for subsitence. Paoliìs chief merit lies in having assured this.”
On ‘feeling’, Napoléoné says that man experiences his most exquisite pleasure when he is alone at nightfall, meditating on Nature’s Origin; and such sentiments would be man’s most precious of gifts, among which also must be included as, LOVE OF COUNTRY, LOVE OF WIFE, and “DIVINE FRIENDSHIP”. He writes: “A wife and children! A father and a mother, brothers and sisters, a friend! yet, surprisingly, some people find fault with nature, and ask why they were ever born!…. Feelings make us love what is beautiful and just; but, they also make us rebel against tyranny and evil. It is the second aspect we must try to develop and protect from perversion. The good legislator must therefore, guide feeling by reason. At the same time, he must permit complete and absolute frredom of thought, and freedom to speak and write (except where this would endanger/DAMAGE the social order. Tenderness, for instance, must not degenerate into flabbiness….It is reason which distinguishes genuine feeling from VIOLENT Passion, reason that keeps society going, reason that develops a natural feeling and makes it great: To LOVE one’s country is an elementary feeling; BUT to love it above everything else is the ‘love of beauty in all its energy, the pleasure of HELPING TO MAKE A WHOLE NATION happy’….But there is a perverted kind of PATRIOTISM, engendered by ambition.” Napoléoné denounces this fanatical ambition, “with its pale complexion, wild-eyes, hurried footsteps, jerky jestures and sardonic laugh.”….Napoleon repeastedly comments in his notebook “To what lengths can a man be driven by his passion for fame!” Napoléoné contrasts the ambitious egoist with the genuine PATRIOT: the man who lives in order to HELP OTHERS. Through courage and manly strength, the patriot attains true happiness. To live happilly and to work for others’ happiness is the only religion of God. He says, what pleasure there is to die surrounded by one’s children and be able to say, “I have insured the happiness of a hundred families: I have had a hard life; but the State will benefit from it. Through it, my fellow citizens live calmly; through my perplexities, they are made happy, and, through my sorrows, they are joyous.”
VINCENT CRONIN
SUMS IT THUS: “This was the essay written by Second Lieutenant Buonaparté in his cramped billet in Auxonne(Auçun) between parades and sentry duty…The patriot is clearly Napoléoné himself. His aim in life is to work for others’ happiness….he sees himself as a member of a greater community, working for “a hundred famiies”…and he is not now a soldier; but a civilian. Napoléoné, on 12 June 1789, wrote to General Pasquale Paoli: “I am still young, and maybe rash to undertake this: but I shall be upheld by my love of thruth, of my country and my compatriots, and by the enthusiasm I never cease to derive from the prospect of an improvement of our state….”

Napoléoné, who never ceased admiring Paoli, had early in 1791 requested of Pasoli to provide him with documents, in order that he could fulfill his dream of writing the true history of Corsica. …But the misunderstanding esculated to the point where Paoli issued a legal warrant to have Napoléoné summoned to his “court”! Napoléoné and some others of his “militia” thought it was a warrant for his arrest and inprisonment…which ofcourse it was not (as all Paoli wanted to do was speak and question Napoléoné); but, this was enough to send Napoléoné and his 12 year-old brother Luigi (now known as Louis) fleeing Corsica, to Provence. Napoléoné was transferred back to Valance. Dying, great-uncle Lucciano, the Archdeacon, said to Joseph: “You may be the eldest; but mark my words, your brother Napoléoné will be head of the Buonaparté family.” To Napoléoné he said, “Tu poi, Napoléoné, serai un omone;” and told him to keep an eye on Lucien…to be weary of him. In October 1791, Archdeacon Lucciano died, Guiseppi Fesch took his uncle’s archdeaconite position at Ajaccio. Letizia feared Paoli and was confused to what a good Corsican patriotess should do…the French or the English! Three months later, Napoléoné was appointed Adjuntant Major of the “Corsican-Volunteers”. The minister of War in Paris granted it to him! He considered resigning from the French Army, and make Corsica his career…for the cause of Life And Liberty!
Robespiere, with his “new edict of Nantes”, declared war on the Roman Church by the oath required of priests November 27, 1790 the day after Christmas Federation. Its adapted declaration , stifled religious consciences, and compelled religious-opposition, in declaring war on the Roman Church, by the oath required of priests 27 November 1790 the day after Christmas Federation.
“This meeting will, in earnest, bring bishops, priests, vicars, to swear to the constitution within a week, otherwise they will be deemed to have waived their office. The mayor is held eight days later to denounce the lack of swearing. And those who, on oath, to fail, would be cited in district court and those who refused to interfere in their former office, prosecuted as disturbers.”
It is the creation of “the constitutional church”, the priests philosophers who confuse law and morality, the sworn priests who turn away from the Pope, to stand up against him. The fanaticism of refractory priests transform this into a heretical schism, especially in the West, Brittany and Vendée.
On 28 February 1792 Saliceti ordered the suppression of Corsican convents in Ajaccio, Bastia, Bonifacio and Corté!. In Ajaccio on 25 March, Capucins delivered Easter Communion. The receivers of Holy Communion declared it was by religious men, and not the bought “priests” of the Directory.
In San Francesco a delegation of faithful Corsicans petitioned a stay of the Orders from Saliceti. It was JOSEPH Buonaparté who ordered them home! When Napoléoné heard about this, he was angered and upset. (It is told that Paoli told Napoléoné: “go forth and be the successor of Alexander.”) Napoléoné was a second lieutenant in the Artllery. Two lieutenant-colonels were to be elected for each batallion. One candidate, Quenza, qas also favored of Paoli. Napoléoné kept “open-house” for his Volunteers. He was very impressed that one decided to stay at his home. The election came the next day, at the Church in San Francesco. Matteo Pozzo di Borgo entered-in like a Malfia bully with arms; and Naopoléoné’s followers marked him down openly with shouts and dragged him from the platform; And against the French law, Napoléoné got himself elected “lieutenant-colonel” with his Corsican Militia along with Quenza.
Joseph Buonaparte sent the company of Volunteers to Ajaccio. On 02 April 1792 they were formerly inspected by the French garrison official, Colonel Maillard. Maillard insisted that only a quarter of the Volunteers [Napoléoné included] could stay in Ajaccio, the rest, under Rossi would have to go into the interior. The “Ajaccienne division” would be given barracks just outside of Ajaccio’s walls. Son fighting broke-out between the Volunteers and the Ajaccio mariners. Many families fled the city and took ship for Italian ports.
Easter Sunday, the nonjurying priests offered Mass at the Convent of San Francesco. On 09 April, the Faithful made a Procession. 17:00 hours in the evening. Violance broke out again between the sailers and the Volunteers. One of Napoléoné’s lieutenants, Rocco-Serra, was murdered beside him. Napoléoné with some others ran through the Ternano mansion to escape…right aside the Cathedral Square…where the seminarians sheltered them. He tried to go to and explain to Colonel Maillard. But Maillard refused Napoléné’s admittance to his residential-governing house in Ajaccio,The Volunteers needed to be within the cidadel for their safety. Napoléoné relentlessly pleaded with Maillard; but said only the King’s orders could permit that!.
and he refused to give Napoléoné and Quenza municians they so badly needed. The next day some unruly Jacobeans, accused of being among the Volunteers of Napoléoné, killed Abbé Santo Peraldi, a widow and a young girl, 13 years-old. The Abbé’s father, Mario Battista Peraldi, with some parishoners, attacked the Seminary. The Volunteers counter-attacked and had to occupy the local houses. The ancient Church of the Jesuits was stormed. . The townsfolk blamed Napoléoné for causing a riot. The French Governor Maillard said that he would attack and destroy the Volunteers if they did not withdraw immediately!
Both Napoléone and Quenza were “men of religion”; and were well known to Abbé Coti, the Procurator Syndic of the District of Ajaccio. Abbé Coti, acted on his own Authority, knowing Napolèoné….Maillard finally agreed to make peace with the Volunteers. Napoléoné that night had attacked the Benelli mansion; so on 10 April, in the meeting with Quenza, Napoléoné, some other officers and Maillard, there was drawn-up an armistace….But the armistance was not being obeyed! There was a break-ot of violence again over a water-fountain. Napoléoné saw these French troops, and Maillard who led them, as disreputable bullies and is believed to have organized an insurrection against Maillard. On the 11th, Maillard reversed his armistace and gave the Municipality cannons to fight the Volunteers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The French government sent two commisioners, Cesari and Bartolemeo Arrighi to Ajaccio. Meeting them ahead in Bocognano, Napoléoné gave them the true story. Paoli himself gave Napoléoné and Quenza the right of arms to bring-down the violence in the city of Ajaccio! On 16 April, Cesari and Arrighi entered Ajaccio. The Commissioners sent Quenza to Corté; despite Napoléoné’s pleas; but his brother Joseph interceded against his brother’s wishes, and Napoléoné had to give way. There was no “cuccagna”! Abbé Coti was threatened with suspension of his position and called to Corté. In Paris, Pozo and Peraldi spoke-up against Napoléoné and Paoli. Carlo Andrea Pozzo was made in Paris one of the Four Commissioners of War! It became increasingly plain, that Pasquale Paoli was the one sure center of Corsica: and the only one who could guarantee Corsica’s security. Saliceti deplored Paoli, seeking his “power”. When Napoléoné came to Corté with his batallion in May, he immediately sought out Paoli. He proposed a new batallion under his command on 13 May. Joseph told Napoléoné: “It seems to me, that your most prudent course of action would be to leave the island immediately and return to France.” Letizia and Joseph convinced Napoléoné to go to Paris to defend himself and Paoli.
Napoléone told his brother Joseph on 29 May 1792: “Keep on close terms with General Paoli. He is everything, and can do everything. He will be all important in a future that no one in the world can predict….” 

Napoléoné was sickened by what he saw; recognizing Robespierre and “the Committe for Public Safey” as the vermin they were. Soon came the revelation of the Royal family fleeing justice….and three months after the flight of Varennnes , Napoléoné defended Paoli, finally, at the French Consul despite all that ocurred…as he loved “Il Babbu”, when the French wanted to remove and behead Paoli! Napoléoné was granted leave to return to his Corsican family and meet with the old General!
His sister, Maria-Anna was at St Cyr: the aristocratic convent school where her name became Elisa. The Invading Prussian Army were raping and murdering in the wild unruly atmosphere of Paris. The prisons were broken into by them; and they butchered 14,000 prisoners by September! The Revolutionaries tried to stop Napoléoné and Elisa …only thing stopping them from being slaughtered was he and his sister’s Corsican tongue, his uniform and his Corsican passport. They made it back to Ajaccio.
Napoleon despised Robespierre, was very fearful of the The “Commitee of Public Safety”. He loved the ringing of Church bells; and said that he firmly believed that only religion could answer man’s thirst for perfect justice….
Napoléoné was reinstated, and Letizia wrote Louis XVI a letter of thanks…one of the last letters of correspondence sent to the great constitutional-Bourbon King! At this time, Robespierre had supressed all regious Orders. in two weeks time, by August, the Tuilleries were attacked; and then began the mass public executions! The Royal Family had been imprisoned in the Temple!
Napoléoné condemned the beheading of the Royal family, therefore by 1793, came “the severe rupture”.
Pasquale Paoli understands that the revolution is falling into the errors of terror, and turns away from France…after a confirmed meeting with General Napoléoné Buonaparté…who was highly critical of “the Commitee for Public Safety” and the Directory of Robespierre!
“The federalism discordant sects vanished in unity, indivisibility of Reason>>.
When King Louis XVI was executed, Pasquale Paoli said to Lucien Buonaparté: “The wretches have guillotined their King: the best of men, a Saint! No Corsican wants anything to do with them [the Robespierreists]…shame on anyone who side with the brigands!”
It was LUCIEN [not Napoléoné] who made accusations against Paoli in the Toulon Revolutionaries Club. “The Convention” orderered Paoli’s arrest….Thus these advents fulfiled the old Archdeacon Luciano’s prophecy concering young Lucien…..
On 11 July 1793, they all finally were enabled to rondevous together out of Ajaccio with the French vessel commadered by Napoléoné; and they sailed for Toulon. They landed in two days time. Napoléon [removing the “é” from his Christian name, and the u and accent of his surname] landed with his family in Toulon, 14 July 1793. France had as its new Government “The “Commitee of Public Safety” ( a Commitee of 12 likened to the 12 Apostles!) …the whole clan and the Fesch’s…into the scheming arms of Lucien, who felt no remorse….

After the holiday season, masqueraders of Reason storm Notre-Dame de Paris on 10 November 1793 dis-establishing the worship of the Supreme Being.
On 16 November 1793, the Convention says Catholicism is “deprived of public worship>>. The most concrete consequences of this, lie in the confiscation of Church property. “In principle all buildings used for worship and housing of his ministers should serve as an asylum for the poor and establishment for public instruction>>. Thus began a process of dispossession of all Church properties!!!
Just after this, the British win control of Corsica.
Paoli despised the French, was afraid of his own head be taken…And although having no great love for the English, Paoli hoped that the English would grant Corsica the liberty and freedom of State that France was denying Corsica…as he made a few prominent English “friends” to Corsica’s “cause”….But little hope, commitment and no money was coming from the English Government; and from his so-called “friends”, came but a few British pounds Sterling.
Napoléon plucked the Convention on Freedom of Worship, on 21 November 1793, hoping to calm the spirits of the nation, and restore sanity to the “state”!.
Paradoxically, Napoléon intended to induce the clergy to respect “the powers of the state”, Catholicism, still widely popular, especially for the needs of the masses, finally

re-appears as an Institution that qualifies for renewal. The Church of the Papacy is decisively right; and Napoléon seeks to reestablish its full presence in France. In August

of 1794, Napoléon was involved with the fall of the Robespierrists; and for his part in overthrowing Robespierre and “The “Commitee of Public Safety”, he was arrested. He was

imprisoned near ANTIBES. Saliceti played a part in his imprisonment….and wished Napoléon to be guillotined!
A French naval squadron had appeared in Ajaccio, and Paoli decides to abdicate his power, as he [General Paoli ] will not serve under England’s [Sir Eliot’s] incompetant

Governorship and cruelty, anyway. Paoli abdicated his power…and is exiled to London, for fear that “the Commitee for Public Safety” & France’s First Consul would have his head as well!!
Paoli resides in London under the hope that someday his ideals will see the free light of a republic of Corsica and the Western would would follow suit in return…He hoped that if General

Bonaparte finally achieved high enough position that he would keep his desired promise of freeing Corsica…BUT the Directory of France (while Napoléon was in Egypt) had other ideas….

*A “Man of Faith”, Napoleon was, have no doubt.
“The existence of God is reflected in everything that affects our imagination and if our minds does not reach Him , it is that we did not allow that our

intelligence should go so far.
An honest man never doubts the existence of God; because, if reason does not understand, the instinct of the soul adopts. All things that make the soul,

has sympathy with religious sentiment>>.
There is no doubt of Napoléon’s sincerity iin making these statements. In other circumstances, he will summarize in more explicitly: “Our credulity is

the vice of our nature>>.
It seems that the Spirit continually lived in Napoléon’s measurable periods: Premonition… this question was addressed, as sort of meditation aloud,

reading like a inspired prophecy :
“Who knows if the happiness of today is not the misfortune of tomorrow? Religion offers comfort in all phases of life – We are less unhappy when given

to religious thought; it is therefore, always in itself, the strength for us to bear misfortune>>.
The spiritual foundation of the Catholic Church has never been questioned and no persecution took place under the Empire:
“The most sacred among men is the consciousness that man has a secret voice crying that nothing on earth can make him believe what he does not believe.

The most horrible of all tyranny is that which obliges a nation to embrace a religion contrary to their beliefs, otherwise they can not exercise the rights of

 citizens, or possess any property, which is the same thing as to have some country on earth>>.
At a minister, whose name we would now be destined to laugh at, Bigot, truly Bigot de Preameneu said by way of injunction:
“The officers and prisons should never be a means of reducing practice of religion.
We can bring the conscience of a man to no court; and, no one is accountable for his religious opinions to any earthly power>>.
Napoleon believed in God, he advocated freedom of conscience; but also, he admits the need for the Church:
“Society can not exist without religion. When a man dies of hunger near another who is full, it is impossible to make him admit the difference if there is not an Authority who tells him: “God wills it: It must be that there are poor and the rich in the world; but, then and for eternity, the division will otherwise cease>>.
Priests are required to pass through the beautiful liturgy of mysteries.
The Justice of God’s power is given to the people through the power of priests>>.
How is Napoléon to be more explicit in his definition of religion in the public interest?
“Religion is still a sort of inoculation or vaccination, which satisfying our love of the marvelous, guarantees us quacks and sorcerers, as well as the priests who are better than Cagliostro, Kant and all the dreamers of Germany>> .
And the best way to maintain/supply this wonderful need is through the Ritual Offices.
“Does the Catholic religion speak more to the imagination of the people by the pomp of her ceremonies than by Her Supreme Morality? When you want to electrify the masses we must first talk to them>>.
Under this aspect [and only in respect] of the necessary annals of Liturgical-Ritual, a sort of audio-visual storytelling [which permits man with the understanding of the Holy precepts]; and so, this remains validly clear today. Napoleon was a family-minded traditionalist who was willingly suited the nostalgic moment….
( Read Archbishop Lefebvre, Bishop of Epon, who is still a figure of thought with close to the thinking to that of the Emperor Napoléon.)
The policy of the Eternal Church is made of a diplomacy of small steps.
Napoleon, found in religion a natural adjuvant against tyranical-monarchy.
“The biggest Republican is Jesus Christ. Aristocracy is in the Old Testament, democracy in the new.
The moral of the Gospel is that of equality and therefore most favorable to republican government.
Popular sovereignty, freedom, equality, is the code of the Gospel>>.
For other reasons, the Roman Church in France [banned under the Revolution, then tolerated with the legal separation of church and state], was re-proclaimed by the Convention of February 21, 1795. It remains even today, very faithful to the Pope and continues to be favored by French Catholics.
Thus, popular with the large French majority, The Church condemned The Revolution; yet it bustled with vitality and holiness. Bishop Gregory, accused the State of being subservient to power of the Revolution !.
Unfortunately, the Roman-Catholics hierarchy mistakenly identified with a con-revolutionary “spirit”. Napoléon tried to counteract this attitude.
For him, the body of the State is willing to concede to religious Authority and a republic.
“Priests have an administrative function: they are on the verge of civil service”.
“A priest must be a natural judge, the moral head of population.
The priests, in the true spirit of the Gospel, must contribute to the public peace by preaching the true mission of charity>>.
And that’s a chagrin that never fails:
”
In 1796: upon hearing of Napolèon’s triumph in the abolishment of the Republic of Genoa, Paoli cried out: “It is by the hand of a Corsican that Genoa has received “la Coup de Grace!”

Therefore, Paoli fortunately, was able to see his vision fulfilled during his lifetime. though but for a short while (For when Napoléon was exiled, Corsica returned as part of France.):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The wedding present Napoléon gave to his sister Elisa and the Corsican Patriot Felice Pasquale Bachiochi (a distant cousin of his on his maternal-side) consisted of 40,000 francs and a military Command for Bachiochi in Ajaccio. The only condition he imposed upon them was that their “civil” marriage should be as soon as possible be blessed by a Catholic Ceremony in Mombello.
The Priest who blessed their union, on the same day blessed the marriage between his other sister, Pauline and Officer Victor-Emmanuel leClerc.

When Corsica was liberated [the previous October],

 

Napoléon ordered that the family “Casa Buonaparté” be totally repaired. Soon Letizia was able to return to her Corsican home! She returned home to cheering crowds, Mother of the Liberator of Corsica!

(Therfore, the Napoléonic exile lasted only 4 years!) Hudson Lowe was billoted in Ajaccio at the same time…hence the beginning of a future end….The troublesome Lucien was now a French Commisioner in

Corsica. Joseph purchased for the family, the part of the house that was not legally Letizia’s. Her half-brother, the young Abbé Guiseppe Fesch joined in, and bought some adjacent lands. But Priests were still

being persecuted who did not take the Civil Oath of The New Regime by the French “Enlightenists” who still remained on the Island! So, in Spring 1798 a clash broke-out while Napoléon and Louis were in

Egypt [with their party of archaeologists]. She said: “My son will not perish in Egypt as his enenemies are hoping. I know a higher destiny awaits him”. Louis returned first to his mother, carrying some of

Napoléon’s Egyptian trophies with him…although he would soon head for Paris. The “Battle of the Pyramids” made Napoléon “Master of Cairo”! Josephine, though (in her infidelity) called the Bonapartes

“those monsters” !!!! Grieving, Napoléon was contemplating divource…legally his right for her adultery and barren marriage. Letizia was still weak after recuperating from malaria; and Louis prompted her to

go to Paris with him so she could take-in the medicinal waters/pool of a French Spa. (15 years later, she was only able to return for a few hours.

 

   In 1800, upon hearing that Napoléon was elected the First Consul, Paoli lit-up all the window’s in his London house on Oxford Street..
In 1805, Paoli continued to make sure his dream of Corté University in Corsica was a reality. Napoléon’s Prefect in Corsica was Pietri. To him, Paoli outlined in great detail, what each of the chairs should be teaching, the syllibus for each Corsican instructor: the completed project should produce a responsible and educated electorate, politicians which were solely devoted to the well-being of their Corsican Nation, and an educated and responsible Clergy.* He desired a school be errected in his native glen of Rostino where all children could be educated. He also desired that 5 scholarships be available to young Corsicans to be enabled to go to the mainland and study at a University of their choice.

 

Upon hearing of Paoli’s passing in the arms of co-patriot Giacomorsi, on 05 February 1807, [aged 82] Napoléon exclaimed, with great passion, love and admiration: “He devined that I should be something extraordinary.” He was unable-to (while Paoli was still alive) reinstate him, because, as he (Napoléon) explains: “But taken-up with Affairs of State, I rarely had the opportunity in endulging my personal desires.”
_________________
*: Each professor is given a two year course. First Chair: to teach the fundamentals of natural theology and revealed Catholic religion and examination of religious Texts; Second Chair was the teaching of Political Science and Philosophy, using his conscribed Constitution for the Corsican Nation, so that the students will learn to govern well and with probity. The Third Chair would go to logistics, metaphysics and math. Logic and Metaphysics were to accomplish and “direct and assist man’s natural faculties of reasoning and understanding in consideration of general ideals”; and math was to provide the foundation for future studies of the natural sciences, as well as establish a future administrator to manage the nation’s finances in the wisest manner.

Also to die in exile would be Napoléon on St. Helene. Jefferson would soon die as a Monticello begger, in 1826. Freedom looked lost to Western Europe!

“Citizen of Heaven”, is the expression Pascal Paoli gave for himself. In a pretty and touching manner, used in his letter to a friend of his (on the anniversary of his seventy-seventh year in exile), living in London, Paoli wrote:

 “I remiss more on The Other World, and what would make me worthy of being a citizen of Heaven. “

 Thus, it is to Heaven where he lovingly contemplates on being a citizen-of. Of course, a “chagrin” is not a profession of faith. But what here looks like a nod to Eternal existence, he says that the purpose of life should center around the common good for mortal society. Because of that, Paquale Paoli contently lived a life in pure dignity. Understanding his wonderful moment in the history of Corsica, under the concept of citizenship [in addition to its resonance throughout our world] one truly can appreciate the loyalty of this idealistic statesman , summed-up as “the authenticity of an effective life”. Men are only as much as the questions they pose. For it is, from them, that they can be driven to either be: the lesson, or to make for others, a lesson! In this essay, Paoli questions the meaning of those who ceased to inhabit their puposed native [or heart-felt] land, and yet still be fully commited one’s country! This led Voltaire to declare: “All Europe is Corsican! “  

 

 

 

 

 

BOB CALDWELL, DEC.2010

“The rocks that surround us will turn to liquid before I cease to remain committed to the freedom of the nation …”

Two centuries after his death is now more than ever to balance the work of Pasquale

Paoli, the man of the Corsican Nation, “U Babbu di a Patria”

It is hoped that this month of February 2007 will be conducive to highlighting the

immense stature of the ruler who ever thought to future generations and not the next election.

In this modest contribution I would like to endeavor to emphasize Paoli was the

resistance in action in three areas.

Resistance to foreign conquest first, whether Genoese, French or even English.

The only ambition of Paoli was to achieve and then maintain, a Corsican by the

sovereign exercise of democracy and the consideration of national interest.

It foreshadowed what would later be called “self government” power by the Corsicans for Corsica.

He devoted to this task most of its energy and those who advised him to take a woman he invariably replied “my wife’s

homeland. The country thought it finally found freedom in 1790 before the Jacobins and the French revolutionary

terror will throw their masks hideous!

Paoli resisted by political leader he was rather than military leader he was little.

His two primary qualities, intellectual honesty and lucidity, prevented him to agree to his country to an unjust rule,

refusing the honors offered him many times. In the name of national honor.

Resistance clans then because if Corsica was never a conglomeration of tribes they suffered and still suffers from the

division of his children, the spirit of party or faction.

If he had to deal with the notables of the island he never failed to surround himself with exceptional men, clergy or laity, who had no

concern that the common good.

From this perspective it is necessary to analyze its implacable opposition to the then Matra Bonaparte, Trojans occupant. Ruling clans

he preferred the power of the people and devoted all his efforts to establish a constitution adapted nourished our community traditions

and the prestigious precedent Bastianu COSTA.

He was always saving money for the state and turned partisan, like Machiavelli, a popular army.

Resistance to violence and finally by the uncompromising struggle he undertook against the perverted institution of the feud.

Refusing the fratricidal clashes he realized before anyone else, that the major issue was the education and training policy of the people.

Building on the youth he favored only merit as the University of Corti in his administration. He was the inventor of the “community of

fate” not hesitating to accept Jews or descendants of Genoa rallied to the cause of Corsican. More than the feeling he was the champion

of the national consciousness Corsican considering that for his time, freedom must first be summed collectively.

He opposed the peace on behalf of peace, hoping that later the great philosopher Immanuel Kant called “universal peace” based on

international law fair and mutual respect among peoples. If Paoli has crossed into our hearts and our memory space that joins the

ideal to reality simply because it was a strong positive, a builder, but focused dignity safety.

More than a true monument remains our very breath, that which makes us even today, be inflated with hope, men still standing.

Vincent Stagnara

Pasquale Paoli, a modern legislator

Paoli’s genius lies in his astonishing ability to understand the past to enlighten the future.

In the intellectual formation of Paoli, there are two poles, his classical culture with perfect knowledge

of Greek democracy and republican Rome, and also acquired the Christian lucid and not bigoted.

Corsica in 1755 did not emerge from a period of slavery, she knew neither the horrors of fratricidal

wars of religion, nor the absolute power of crowned despots. She has always fought against the invaders

now in its successive democratic gains very old. At all times, the Corsican communities have lived in the

expression of direct democracy, electing their representatives.

Each citizen has always been able to speak whatever his rank, gender or origin.

All decisions involving the lives of communities were taken together in the most perfect democratic transparency.

It was thus in 1755 a democratic secular tradition, alive and well, respects the opinions of each individual freedoms,

concerned about the public good and always driven by strong Christian values. Corsica was then a set of Pieve,

provincial, self-managed and highly conscious of their independence as decision-making may be the family unit.

The genius of Paoli was summarizing his theoretical knowledge and culture to achieve unity of a nation, respecting

the diversity of its components. Here is the modernity of the great man. In Europe, political construction, we are

witnessing a similar process across a continent. The nation states formed in the 19th century, or after conflicts of 14-18

and 39-45, decompose and regional communities in Europe reappear to claim their sovereignty.

All diplomatic maneuvers Paoli had intended that the recognition of national sovereignty and protection, not in the

sense of colonial protectorate, but the meaning of mentoring. This has happened today with the European construction.

In this process, subsidiarity is put forward, is to approximate the maker of the citizen to delegate executive power to regions

and empower the elected decision makers in the eyes of their constituents citizens. The motto of the EU “in pluribus unum”

Is not the essence of the Corsican nation, unity in diversity. What elements should we draw from the legislative work of Paoli?

A popular representation holds legislative power, omnipotent in all areas. An executive appointed by popular representation

responsible for implementing policies set by the majority. A judicial review exercised by a court independent, responsible for

auditing the public finances but also say the law in all areas. A constitution reduced to essentially changed by the Cunsulta which

is a code of good functioning of institutions and not a regulatory straitjacket.

The broad application of the principle of subsidiarity in the decision-maker closer to the citizen, and policies to empower citizens

in their rights and duties, the state being there to inspire policy and to exercise its sovereign powers, justice, education, health ,

budget and national solidarity, security.

This is where the legislative work of Pasquale Paoli is modern, it has respected the traditions and customs, religions and respect the

secular without being an atheist, organize an effective state where energy is not lost in the miles leaves administration. The nation

Corsica tomorrow plural respectful individuals, sitting on his historic achievements, a stakeholder in this Europe will be our tutor

in the comity of nations.

Clément Filippi

Flame of PAOLINE-RESISTANCE

 Two thousand seven will we know the year Pascal Paoli. If he is right to shine in this bicentennial of his death vividly paoline lights,

it is good that Corsica whole is rallying behind him who was the founding father of our country, we must however take care that his

memory is neither defiled nor used for crass electioneering.

Already looms the faded image of a consensual Paoli amputated his more flamboyant impulses, who made him a chief of collecting,

as he wrote September 15, 1755, all efforts “to fight for country and against the common enemy of our nation “(1)

Soon’s plot came mystification of those who have always opposed the concept of homeland and nation as understood Paoli, will fight to

become the testamentary heirs. Leaves to completely alter the thinking and the message, even to diminish the magnitude for the swallow

to the rank of first President of the General Council that has served him “the council once November 11, 1790 (2 ) as he haughtily refused

such pseudo powers.

Similarly, the controversy opened by Michel Franceschi Verge that the nationalist movement was wrong “to see him (Pascal Paoli) the

enemy of France because he does not lie simply in terms of states, Genoa, France, the England, and this narrow view is an insult to his

memory as a citizen of the world “(3) has no place and finds its clearest refutation in the texts of Paoli reported by the same historian in

his book: Pascal Paoli, a Corsican of the Enlightenment. It is clear that Paoli was still vehemently opposed to France and this at every

stage of his life.

Young head of state, when August 27, 1768 he said to Mann: “If my country is crushed, I do not stay in Corsica or in a territory of the

French Empire, so I can escape. Everything will be done to oppress me personally and to tear all my messages so that they may one

day see the light, could enlighten the world about how the ministers of France consider fair. “(4)

Exiled, in 1770 when he wrote in his pamphlet “Corsican national feelings against the invasion of their country” about the surrender

of Corsica to Genoa by France: “It is outrageous to think that the rights of sovereignty that a monarch or a republic have on rights can

be transferred to another sovereign without their free and spontaneous. “(5)

When Prophet October 24, 1793 he takes this final statement: “the flag of the French republic is no longer that of the Corsicans’ (6).

Male age, when in 1798 he regretted the death of his sister: “My sister has left to live and France cruel, and the rapacity of his

government have made too many bitter last moments of his life. (7)

The vision of the Corsican nation as a free nation is at the heart of thought paoline as an act of faith which explains everything and justifies

everything. In the embodiment of that dream was realized the staggering challenge of an independent Corsica at the end of a journey

chaotic but always consistent. When Paoli endorses the ideas of the revolution, it is to ignite a vision of the French nation is that of a

temporary state exporting lights and fighting for the sacred values of freedom and natural rights .

In fact, as confirmed and disappointment quickly and continued his political struggle, it is for Paoli adherence to an ideal and a choice of

absolutely pure ethics and philosophy, not d a rallying tutoring bearer of authority and power distributor. In his mind the vision of Corsica

as a nation is still intact as the show closer to the England with which it deals “on a footing of equality between nations. (8)

So those who do not see the future shining in the flame of the Corsican nation, can not say all the heirs of those who wrote to King George III:

“The Corsican people is resolved to maintain its freedom and independence.” (9)

The son of Paoli are now looking into the ranks of those fighting for an ideal, more than ever this year with tributes a constant presence and vigilance,

they will protect the integrity and express vitality.

Dr. Augustus Bagnaninchi

(1) PASCAL PAOLI CORRESPONDENCE VOLUME I, took power in 1749 -1756, page 177, ANTOINE MARIE GRAZIANI, Editions Alain Piazzola.
(2) PAOLI A CORSE OF LIGHTS, MICHEL VERGE Franceschi, Editions Fayard, page 450.
(3) Corse Matin of 14/01/07, page 6.
(4) Michel Franceschi VERGE op. Sit. page 359.
(5) Ibid page 400.
(6) IB. page 473.
(7) IB. page483.
(8) IB. page 474.
(9) IB. Page 472.

Pasquale de’Paoli, Babbu di a Patria (corsa)

The work of Pasquale de’Paoli is exceptional and can only be glad to see that even pro-French leaders clanistes fight to

celebrate the bicentennial of his death. If one day they are really interested in the history of Corsica, which still does

not appear in the curricula of schools and colleges of Corsica, they will find that Paoli was exactly the opposite.

A character who has always put the interests of Corsica first. A character who was willing to sacrifice everything

for that Corsica can be free. A man of charisma certainly uncommon and has contributed so much not only to

Corsica, but also to Europe and America. Its work is universal and timeless.

For cons, the work of leaders clanistes Corsican remain as one of the greatest betrayals in history. How sad to hear

these clanistes implore the French government to put an imprisoned Corsican patriots who defend this land,

many sacrificing their lives, often risking their freedom.

Independence

Paoli’s work is universal. Appointed by the convent Cunsulta

Sant’Antoni di Casabianca was General in Chief of the Corsican

Nation 13 and July 14, 1755, Pasquale de’Paoli immediately

declare the independence of Corsica in the name of the right

of peoples to dispose of themselves.

The Cunsulta the burden of writing a constitution.

Merely thinking of writing one is a feat in the Europe of the eighteenth century! From 16 to 18 November 1755, at a Cunsulta to Corti,

the constitution is proclaimed. She is the heiress 25 years of revolution and inspired by the philosophies of the Enlightenment of the

early eighteenth century, including Montesquieu. This constitution preamble to “the Corsican people, legitimately master of himself.”

Those who would commemorate Paoli today would do well not to forget. De facto, the Constitution proclaims the equality of all before

the law, long before the French revolutionaries did so. While the France of the ancien regime favors Nobles and traps right and left

without reason, independent Corsica became the first modern-style democracy in Europe.

Paoli Corsica organizes independent and must fight Matra will eventually seek the help of the Serenissima before dying in combat.

Betrayal is a constant in our history, and Matra has nothing to envy clanistes current leaders who are under orders from Paris.

Gradually, all pieve Corsica Paoli acknowledges as general of the nation and participate in independence.

Paoli put into practice the universal suffrage and even gives the vote to women, when they are heads of household. Recall that,

in most “democracies” today, it was not until the twentieth century that women could vote. The French for example have the right

to vote in 1944 and vote for the first time the following year, ie almost two centuries after some Corsican women.

Paoli will also give Corsica a navy, while using the race, an army regular, albeit limited, but all the villages will be mobilized by third

parties where necessary. The Corsican flag will be formalized in 1762. A national printing will be created, and of course that money, i soldi.

Pasquale de’Paoli will also open the first university in the history of Corsica, in January 1765. It will give much attention to this university

and exams in May, it will pull itself out to the subjects and students make their presentations before the Cunsulta.

The University will close its doors at the military conquest of Corsica by the troops of the King of France. Corsicans (well some) require

reopening for two centuries. Only when that finally riacquistu and cons of the opinion leaders clanistes of the time, the French government

will accept the reopening of the university in 1981. Since then, a very short memory, heads clanistes Corsican regularly come celebrate

the 10 years, 20 years … This university, as they had fought for its reopening! But nothing stops them Paoli who see a champion of

nonviolence, Corsica French and therefore no loss of identity and culture of Corsica …

Exile

Forced into exile after the defeat of Ponte Novu marking the bloody end of the independence of Corsica Pasquale de’Paoli will be celebrated throughout Europe and received by the King of England as head of state that it was.

In 1774, the United States of America declared their independence. In 87, they proclaim their constitution. Some do not hesitate to say it was inspired by that of Paoli. In any case, Paoli is known and celebrated in the U.S. that pay homage to freedom fighter. Several cities set up right now bear his name and still exist today.

The return of Paoli

In 1789, the French Revolution broke out and then they are ideas of democracy and freedom that we had practiced that triumph.

It is therefore logical that Paoli is received in triumph by the Paris Convention. The French revolutionaries fighting for her weaving praise, and the Marquis de Lafayette will serve him well as a guide to Paris. Corsica accepted at this time to “integral part of the French empire.” Paoli was appointed head of the Corsican National Guard and President of the General Council.

But in 1793, is the rupture. Paoli understands that the revolution is falling into the errors of terror, and turns away.

This time the English who remained passive in 1769 intervened militarily to help us release new Corsica. It is the

creation of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom, the second independence. This kingdom will fail because the English decide

to appoint Sir Eliot, one of them, Viceroy of Corsica and Paoli not, but still this episode Anglo-Corsican has enabled

our nation to avoid the bloodshed of Terror as the Vendee was able to know.

Finally, in 1796, isolated in the Mediterranean, threatened by the Italian Campaign of General Bonaparte, the British

left Corsica and the French troops reoccupied. This episode is known in official history as “the issue of Corsica, but in fact

it is a re-occupation that has lasted more than two centuries.

If he remains today of the Corsicans who are fighting to liberate our land, there are still men who think they can sacrifice

everything for their country, there are still people who believe that the Corsican nation must continue to live, it is because

they are conscious of being heirs of Paoli and his national eighteenth century.

Ghjuvan Filipu Antolini

Moammar Gadhafi : 3 EDITED BIOGRAPHIES: (1) STEPHEN GOODSON, (2) PIERO GHEDDO, (3) The BBC

22 MARCH 2011 Muammar al Qathafi
Bab Al Azizia memorial in Tripoli, Libya:

“This is the battle against the crusaders.
This is a crusade war.
Demonstrations are everywhere in the world, to support you.
In Asia, Africa, Europe, America, the people are against them. Those who are against you, they are just a handful. Handful of fascists.
A handful of crazed people. As a handful of those who will be defeated by their own people. We shall win this historic battle. We will never surrender.
We will never be scared by these fireworks.

These missiles are fireworks. The Libyans are laughing. The Libyans are ridiculing these. We will defeat them, in every way that we can. Either short term or long term. We are ready for this battle, whether it’s long or short. The best of air defenses are people, those people are all in front of you.

It’s you. It’s you, the air defense. (crowd cheers) Demonstrations are everywhere in the world, in support of the people of Libya against this aggression, which is unjustified.
Against the wish of the United Nations – it’s an aggressor. It’s an aggression against the Libyans by fascists, who will end up in the bin of history (grins) My Libyan people, you are living in glorious moments.

This is a glory. These are glorious times that we’re living in. All the people around the world who are with us, they are leading the revolution against imperialism and tyranny.
And I say that to you, I do not fear those storms at all.
I do not fear those storms at all. I do not fear the destructions.
I am steadfast, I’m whole, I am here in my house, and my tent.
I have the right.
I am here, I am here, I am here.”

(Translation by M. Ramirez)
video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8y_BSDKt2o&feature=player_embedded

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Mask of Zion

Jonathan Azaziah

FRIDAY, MARCH 25, 2011

Libya: The Zionist Dragon and The Drums of War

 

The Zionist Dragon; seen here, looking to feast on Lebanon. It now seeks to destroy Libya.

by Jonathan Azaziah

It’s happening all over again. Do you hear them? You must be able to. The deaf, those incapable of hearing the sounds of serenity and calamity since birth, could hear them due to their almost wretched loudness. What? What you ask? The drums of war of course. And the drummers are composing their iniquitous cacophony from the same locations that they always do. Tel Aviv. Washington D.C. London, the City of London to be most precise. The audience for their bloodthirsty melody this time around? Libya. Their previous audiences included the ravaged nation of Afghanistan and the devastated nation of Iraq.

War, classically defined, is a state of armed, hostile conflict between nations. But the war of the drummers is different. Their war, in their minds, is waged on children of a lesser God. Women of a lesser state of being. Men of a lesser right. Their war is mass murder of unarmed innocents, occupation, theft of land and resources, desecration and dehumanization. Their war is genocide. These drummers sometimes appear to be of an otherworldly nature; vampires from movies produced in the dregs of the morally destructive institution known as Hollywood. Their aim is to remain. Remain as the sole holders of the globe; the lone controllers; the only existing cabal of masters and elders, who will govern masses of cattle.

20 years of sanctions, occupation and decimation of land, water and natural resources in the shell of a nation known as Iraq left the people, the steadfast and courageous Iraqis, intimate with the inner workings of the drummers and their compositions of mayhem. Add another 10 years to the equation, and the resolute and brave people of Afghanistan could also write essays on the murderous music known as American interventionism. In both cases, the dismemberment of their societies came under the guise of “humanitarianism.” The bullets came wrapped in heroic garb. The missiles and bombs were packaged with false sympathy for the oppressed. The rapes were for liberation. The murders were for freedom. Libyans beware; the drummers want to make your nation their next humanitarian adventure.

(A Young lieutenent)  Muammar Qaddafi overthrew King Idris, a monarchical stooge for the Zionist-occupied US war machine and Italy, seeker of re-colonization of Libya in one form or another, in 1969. It was Qaddafi who removed the American military bases from Libya and it was Qaddafi who consistently supported the struggle to reclaim occupied Palestine from the Zionist entity and its ruthless operators ….

(1)… Israel wanted revenge. Using the Libyan people as the sacrificial lambs and the wave of protests sweeping the Arab world as the cover, the plot was hatched to remove the creator of the Great JAMAHIRIYA. The Zionist dragon was deployed into the frame. And the music of Zionism’s chaos began to play.

The false flags against Libya were exclusively produced by Mossad.

A Short History: Operation Trojan, Lockerbie and Abu Salim
During the beginnings of the presidency of war criminal Ronald Reagan, the Zionist media vociferously promoted what would become a long-running propaganda piece about a Libyan hit squad operating in the United States. This hit squad’s mission was to assassinate Ronald Regan. The source of the story was Manucher Ghorbanifar, a former agent of the overthrown Shah of Iran’s secret police, SAVAK. SAVAK, the notorious apparatus known for its brutal torture techniques, learned everything from Mossad and Ghorbanifar himself had deep-rooted personal ties to the Mossad, the world’s leader in false flag terrorism. The purpose of this hit squad story was to drum up support from the American populace for a strike on Libya.

(GEORGE TREMLETT wrote in 1993) :

In December 1981:
The U-S. administration claimed that Muammar al-Qathafi sent a team of libyan hit-men to Wahington to assassinate the US President–Wide publications in all the media showed roadblocks set up and armed guards on the White House roof–FALSELY, Reagan said:”We have evidence and Gaddafi know it”!

BUT when the names and photgraphs ere published of the “Libyan Hot-men” they were actually photos of famous well-known and respectable Lebanese business banking contractors, with no connection to Libya or terrorism.

Azaziah continues:

This particular false flag vis-a-vis Ghorbanifar didn’t accomplish the mission to the degree that the Zionist entity designed it to. The illegitimate Israeli state subsequently turned up the heat and put Operation Trojan into motion. The Trojan is an Israeli communications device used by Mossad’s psychological warfare squad, LAP (LohAma Psicologit), as a relay station for misleading intelligence reports emanating from Israeli navy ships in the region. The Trojan is to be planted in nations resisting the Zionist Power Configuration, or in Israeli intel terminology, “hostile environments,” at targets where official state business is conducted, like an embassy. These false reports were to be picked up by states allied with Israel on separate frequencies, wherein the information would be confirmed by Mossad. Little do the ally states know, the reports themselves are being created by Israel.

Operation Trojan was a success as the device was planted in the heart of Libya’s capital, Tripoli, and the American government began retrieving numerous messages from the Trojan and processing intelligence proofs that Libya was closely linked with the planning and execution of terrorism. The chiefs of Mossad were exceedingly pleased (3). On April 5th, 1986, the final stages of Operation Trojan came to fruition when a disco club in Berlin was bombed, leaving two American soldiers and a Turkish woman dead, in addition to the severe wounding of 229 others (4). A heinous false flag blamed on Libya, the 1986 bombing of the La Belle disco was an extensive Mossad operation which was carried out with assistance from its allies in the CIA (5). This event led to the US military’s Operation El Dorado Canyon on April 15, 1986. This murderous violation of Libya’s sovereignty left dozens of Libyan civilians dead, including Muammar Qaddafi’s 15-month old adopted daughter (6).

The murder of Qaddafi’s daughter and so many other innocent Libyans was designed to boost Mossad’s image in the international intelligence community and display to the Arab/Islamic world that the United States stood with the Zionist entity (7), or more accurately, that the USA stood wherever the Zionist entity told it to stand. Colonel Qaddafi was acutely aware of the deception that led to the murder of his child and the arrogance of the powers attempting to break him and the Libyan nation. Qaddafi didn’t budge and his Resistance didn’t end. The illegitimate Israeli state then kicked its next plot…” into high gear: the destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 on December 21, 1988, better known as the Lockerbie bombing. 270 people died in the attack (8).
………………………………………………………………………………..

Abdelbaset Mohmed Ali al-Megrahi: Framed by Mossad.

Abdelbaset Mohmed Ali al-Megrahi, a former Libyan intelligence officer, was sentenced to 27 years in the Scottish Greenock prison for the mass murder. Al-Megrahi was innocent. Completely innocent. There wasn’t a drop of evidence against him; concrete or otherwise. His arrest and imprisonment were horrific and deliberate miscarriages of justice that robbed his wife and five children of decades with him (9). Miscarriages perpetuated by a conspiratorial charade enforced incessantly by the Zionist media. Additionally, his conviction deflected the public’s attention from the actual purveyors of the crime on December 21st and the reasons for its execution, most obviously the continued demonization of Qaddafi and Libya (10).

The Lockerbie bombing was carried out with a suitcase bomb, a known signature of Mossad, which has used this explosive weapon in its false flag operations in Kenya, numerous villages and cities in occupied Palestine, Beirut, Dubai, London, Houston and India (11). The Lockerbie bombing was yet another Israeli ‘dirty trick’ used against Zionism’s eternal Arab/Muslim enemy for furtherance of the anti-Islam agenda gripping the world on a daily basis via mass media institutions owned by Zionist extremists.

It has been linked to Abu Nidal, the infamous “Palestinian terrorist” who has been outed as a Mossad agent. Mere hours after the crash, Mossad’s LAP unit unleashed psychological warfare on all international media hotlines, conveying to Israel’s stooges that Libya was behind the bombing, telling them that there wasn’t even the faintest doubt about it. Mossad agents were in Lockerbie, Scotland the day after the atrocity to remove evidence from the scene. The piece of evidence? A suitcase of course. The head of Pan Am’s security at the time of the bombing was Isaac Yeffet, former chief of security at the illegitimate Zionist entity’s airline El Al (12). El Al is known for being a front for Mossad’s most intricate sabotage operations (13).

Not only did the Zionist media’s version of the events behind the Lockerbie bombing bury Mossad’s involvement beneath a mountain of lies, it also buried the CIA’s. Aboard Pan Am 103 were massive amounts of CIA-smuggled heroin and agents from CIA and DIA who were doing the smuggling (14). Mossad’s suitcase bomb eliminated them and protected its terrorism partner’s interests in the global narcotics market.

Finally, Lockerbie served one more purpose of the Mossad, a purpose with geopolitical implications that quite literally changed the world: the 9/11 false flag attack carried out by Israeli intelligence and its corrosive network of sayanim. Lockerbie was a major LAP psychological warfare operation, embedding the idea of “Arabs hijacking planes and blowing them up out of hatred for the West” into the minds of millions of Westerners, Americans specifically. When the remote-controlled planes of Dov Zakheim’s SPC struck the Twin Towers, Americans (and the rest of the world for that matter) remembered Lockerbie and didn’t bat an eyelash when the Zionist media told them 19 Arab hijackers just struck the USA. They were oblivious to the names of Silverstein, Lauder, Lowy, Eisenberg and Harel, 9/11’s primary criminals (15).

With al-Megrahi indicted and the world’s attention focused on Qaddafi for the malevolence of the Lockerbie bombing, the Zionist entity rejoiced over another successful operation. In the first quarter of 1992, right on schedule, the criminal UN imposed crippling sanctions on the nation of Libya for the attack. The sanctions would demolish Libya’s oil-refining capabilities, prevent Libyans from traveling for over a decade and cut them off from their relatives in the United States (16). The UN didn’t lift these sanctions until 2003, while the US didn’t lift its sanctions on Libya until 2004. It is here where Qaddafi reluctantly sold out the interests of his people to the Western nations he despised.

HRW, funded by Soros, covers up Israel’s massacres, and generates “genocides” to further the Zionist agenda.

In 1996, a curious event formally labeled by the Zionist media as the “Abu Salim Prison Massacre” occurred. An event lambasted by “human rights” organizations, this event served as as furtherance of the worldwide anti-Qaddafi agenda put in place by Mossad and its LAP, giving credence to the criminal sanctions slapped on Libya by the US and the UN. Despite its own admission that the reports of Libyans slaughtered at Abu Salim Prison in June 1996 were unverifiable and scarce, the world-renowned Human Rights Watch maintained that 1,200 people were murdered (17). Human Rights Watch is the same US-backed NGO that concocted the grossly false story about the gassing of Iraqi Kurds in Halabja to give legitimacy to the Zionist-instigated invasion of Iraq two decades ago, and continued to serve as an excellent tool to create support for the Zionist coalition’s invasion of Iraq 8 years ago. Intelligence reports have debunked the “Halabja Massacre” as nothing but pure wartime propaganda (18).

The false story about Abu Salim Prison has been used by leftists everywhere to justify the “revolution” taking place in Libya. It is pathetic that they have inadvertently fallen into the Zionist trap of playing the drums of war for an invasion. Human Rights Watch is being bankrolled, to the tune of $100 million, by none other than internationalist Zionist war criminal, George Soros (19), who also heavily funds J Street, a pro-occupation, pro-war, pro-ethnic cleansing Zionist Lobby group masquerading as a bunch of peace-seekers (20).

It is by no means a coincidence that Soros, the corrosive billionaire who is responsible for insider trading in France, bankrupting the Bank of England and waging financial war against Malaysia (21), pulled out his oil investments from Libya a mere 3 months prior to the unrest (22), and now the human rights wing of his empire is leading the assault against Qaddafi (23). Soros is also responsible for infiltrating the Egyptian Revolution and using his proxies to draft the new constitution which will enslave the African nation with an enslavement far worse than Mubarak (24). For the people of Libya and Egypt, the Zionist dragon has just begun to torch your existence.

Qaddafi at the UN; blasting Israel for assassinating JFK (rip).

The Origin Points

As soon as the sanctions against Qaddafi were lifted by all Western powers in 2003-2004, “pro-democracy” groups were established inside Libya by various programs within the US State Department as a means to keep an eye on its newest ally. These groups were to be activated for the purpose of regime change if Qaddafi ever stepped out of line, under the guise of an uprising or a people’s revolution.

Qaddafi’s first mistake in the eyes of the Zionist dragon came in September 2009 when he delivered a speech to the United Nations and struck a nerve that few have struck, “The whole world should know that Kennedy wanted to investigate the nuclear reactor of the Israeli demon (25).” The Zionist entity’s Kidon hit squad, an elite unit of Mossad, in collusion with the CIA and elements of the Meyer Lansky crime organization, assassinated John F. Kennedy for several reasons. Kennedy’s silent war with al-Nakba architect David Ben-Gurion over Israel’s nuclear program is at the top of the list (26). Israel does not like anyone, especially a leader as prominent as Qaddafi, making mention of it.

Qaddafi’s second slip-up was the Libyan humanitarian aid convoy headed by one of his sons that cracked the illegal, internationally condemned siege against the Palestinian people of Gaza in July 2010. The aid ship, “al-Amal,” was loaded with 2,000 tons of food, cooking oil, medicines and pre-fabricated houses. The Israeli navy harassed the ship and threatened the passengers on board with a forceful takeover (27).  The Zionist entity has shown the world the lengths it will go to regarding its preservation of starving Gaza to death. 9 murdered activists on the Freedom Flotilla in international waters tell the story of the lengths in gruesome detail (28).

Qaddafi called on the Palestinian people to revolt against their Zionist occupiers.

Just four days before the “Feb17 Revolution” in Libya, on 13 February 2011, Muammar al-Qathafi engaged in his third and final mishap, triggering the Zionist dragon’s drums of war. In the wake of the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt which disposed dictators Zayn al-Abidin Ben Ali and Hosni Mubarak, two of Qaddafi’s friends ironically enough, Muammar al-Qathafi called on Palestinians to revolt against their Israeli occupier. He called on Palestinians to amass from all over the world, coming to the shores of occupied Palestine by boat, to call on Zionism to give into the hands of the oppressed Arab people or face revolution (29). 

Keeping Palestinians demoralized and subjugated is the chief weapon used by the Zionist regime in its 63-year occupation of the Holy Land. It is why it keeps collaborationist stooges like Abbas and Fayyad in place, to lead Palestinians down a perpetual road of servitude to Zionism. It considers any call for Palestinians to rise up for their dignity an existential threat. Qaddafi’s call to the people of occupied Palestine may have been an honorable one, but to the Zionist dragon, it was an act of war.

The Zionist-founded, Zionist-controlled NED is as subversive as the CIA.

Controlled Opposition: Zionism 101

It was the mass murderer of tens of millions of Russian Christians, and leader of the Bolsheviks, Vladimir Lenin, who said “The best way to control the opposition is to lead it ourselves.” It should come as to no surprise to anyone that the Zionists who identify themselves as  neo-conservative, all of whom are admitted ex-Leninists and ex-Trotskyists (30), are the leaders behind implanting “pro-democracy” groups throughout the MENA to control opposition to global Zionist hegemony. The board of directors at the National Endowment For Democracy (NED), the leader of the “pro-democracy” project in Libya (31), as well as the notorious globalist institution Freedom House (32), are comprised almost entirely of neo-cons.

The foundation of NED was built between 1982-1984 at the behest of a research study headed by staunch Zionist Allen Weinstein, who has headed a plethora of globalist projects masked by the pursuit of democracy. Weinstein has authored numerous books in defense of the Zionist entity’s genocidal operations throughout the Middle East, including one in particular that stressed the necessity of America’s commitment to the illegitimate Israeli state (33). Allen Weinstein publicly admitted in 1991, that the NED’s activities are modeled after the CIA’s operations, “A lot of what we do today was done covertly 25 years ago by the CIA.” CIA monies are laundered through the NED (34), which serves as a perfect cover due to its perceived nature as a organization championing the cause of democracy.

The current head of NED is Carl Gershman, a ubiquitous globalist figure and zealous Zionist who has received awards for furthering the CIA’s agenda in Tibet and who has composed a study entitled “Israel, the Arabs and the Middle East” defending al-Nakba and all of Israel’s colonial endeavors (35). Gershman also worked for the most venomous of all Zionist Lobby organizations, the Israeli intelligence wing known as the ADL. Gershman is rabidly anti-Muslim and anti-Christian; he has stated that the Qur’an “vilifies Jews” and that the Christian World spread the “blood libel.” Additionally, he believes that Arabs and Arab culture suffer from a “moral sickness” and has gone on record to chastise any and all people who have associated Mossad with the 9/11 terror attacks as “anti-Semites (36).”

NED is already deeply embedded in the fabric of Egypt, and has reared its ugly head from the shadows upon the command of Gershman since the fall of Mubarak (37). With Qaddafi upsetting the Zionist dragon to the point of rage, Israel-Firster Gershman initiated the activation of the democratic army. Just three of the NED-funded groups taking part in the “pro-democracy” protests in Libya are the Akhbar Libya Cultural Limited (ALCF), Libya Human and Political Development Forum (LHPDF) and the Transparency Libya Limited (TL). These groups were funded in the hundreds of thousands by NED (38).

MEPI is an NED-backed group greatly involved in the deconstruction of Libya.

NED’s chief sister organization, the National Democratic Institute (NDI), headed by Zionist war criminal and butcher of Iraq’s children Madeline Albright (39), is also deeply involved in the Libyan uprising, as is a smaller NED-linked group, the Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI). Aswat, an Arabic propaganda hub in Libya, Libya’s General People’s Committee for Foreign Liaison and International Cooperation, My Arabic Library (MAL) and Youth Of Today, Leaders Of Tomorrow are all funded by NDI and MEPI (40). So, an umbrella of organizations controlled by an anti-Muslim, anti-Christian, anti-Arab, pro-war, pro-Zionist war monger is looking out for the interest of the Libyan people? Right.

The organizing of the “Feb17 Revolution” in Libya was led by a group known as the National Conference for the Libyan Opposition (NCLO). The NCLO called for mass protests against the Qaddafi regime in a multi-level manner, inside Libya and abroad, all for the goal of bringing down the 42-year reign of the Libyan Colonel (41). The NCLO was formed on June 25, 2005 in London. The main goal of this organization was to foment the end of Colonel Qaddafi’s revolutionary, political, military and security powers and to trigger the formation of a transitional government run by “trustworthy” individuals (42). The NCLO is comprised of six umbrella groups, with the National Front Of The Salvation of Libya (NFSL) sitting at the head. A Libyan exile who resides in London named Ibrahim Sahad is NFSL’s leader (43).

At the onset of the Feb17 Revolution, Sahad and other NFSL and NCLO members began providing the Zionist media with “first-hand” information of massacres, human rights abuses, death tolls and other outlandish accusations that were never independently verified. Ominously, Sahad made it clear to state in an interview that “Qaddafi will not survive the protests (44).” The Zionist media has never given an audience to dissidents from occupied Palestine, occupied Iraq, occupied Kashmir, occupied Afghanistan, Somalia, Pakistan or the Resistance in Lebanon. So why Libyan dissidents? Simple. Because these particular Libyan dissidents belong to the NFSL, an organization funded for decades by the CIA and closet-Zionist regime of Saudi Arabia (45). In fact, whether it’s the American-Zionist puppet Qatar’s Al-Jazeera or typical Western media outlets like the Zionist-owned BBC and the New York Times, all reports leave a trail that leads back to the CIA’s NFSL (46).

The NFSL, Libya’s premier “opposition” group, is fully backed by the CIA.

As aforementioned, one of the NFSL’s goals was to set up a transitional government to replace the regime of Qaddafi as momentum from the wave of protests was mounted. On February 27, 2011, 13 days after the fake Feb17 Revolution began, the National Transitional Council, also known as the Libyan National Council, was formed (47), in perfect accordance with the NFSL’s CIA-based agenda. One member of this transitional council is Mahmoud Jibril, who recently met privately with Zionist warmonger Hillary Clinton in Paris (48). Jibril also held a meeting with the Zionist President of France, Nicholas Sarkozy and spoke by phone with the warmongering British Foreign Secretary, William Hague (49).

Mahmoud Jibril, the  Western dope groomed to replace Qaddafi in the new,  Zionized Libya.

Jibril, who heads the Foreign Affairs division of the Council, was educated in the United States, receiving a master’s degree and PHD at the University of Pittsburgh prior to teaching there for many years. Jibril also headed an organization called the National Economic Development Board (NEDB), Libya’s largest think tank, formed in 2009 (50). The NEDB was set up and advised by a group of international consulting firms from the US and UK and is in partnership with the London School of Economics (51), which receives its largest amount of funding from none other than George Soros (52). Once the “rebels” secure victory and Qaddafi is overthrown, Jibril is expected to maintain his position at the head of this institution of subservience to neoliberalism. With Jibril’s ties alone, it invalidates the Council’s claims to being the sole representative of the people of Libya. It is the sole representative of Zionism in Libya.

The Council almost immediately called for a no-fly zone over Libya (53). No self-respecting person of conscience, let alone the righteous Libyan people, the sons of the great Omar al-Mukhtar (rip) who led two decades of Resistance to Italy’s colonization of their nation, who are keenly aware of the aims of foreign occupiers and colonialists, would ever call for a no-fly zone over Libya. The same military operation that led to NATO bombing thousands of innocents to death in Kosovo with depleted uranium and cluster bombs and that led to the bombing of tens of thousands to death in Iraq prior to 2003’s invasion. However, stooges of Western interests most certainly would. Could anyone imagine Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Sheikh Ahmed Yassin (rip) or Hugo Chavez calling for a no-fly zone? Didn’t think so.

MI6 worked with Mossad to  assassinate Qaddafi 15 years ago. “Al-Qaeda” was used in the false flag.

Israel’s War: From Subversion To Aggression

Excluding game-changers like the assassination of JFK or the 9/11 false flag attacks, the Zionist entity’s Dragon Policy may be its most prized operation. Through an intricate web of relationships woven with blood-drenched silk, linking it closely to its allies in RAW, Blackwater (Xe) and the CIA, Israel has terrorized the Islamic Republic of Pakistan through an unlimited supply of patsy terror groups and ordnance experts strategically scattered through the country. The face of the Dragon Policy, set up officially in 2001 and constantly rammed down the throat of the world’s masses by the cabalistic Zionist media, is the Tehrik-I-Taliban, which is reported as being closely linked to the king of kings in terms of fake terror groups, “Al-Qaeda.” Never is it reported that Al-Qaeda doesn’t exist and never has existed (54), it is merely a name used to create and subsequently exacerbate psychological warfare. In the case of the Tehrik-I-Taliban and the Mossad-RAW nexus that runs it, it is only linked to Al-Qaeda because RAW agents of the Dragon Policy pose as Al-Qaeda to provide their patsies with weapons and money (55).

Israel attempted to run its Dragon Policy in Libya 5-6 years prior to its sanguinary beginnings in Pakistan through British intelligence. A Mossad-MI6 nexus was formed and an “Al-Qaeda” cell was paid handsomely to assassinate Qaddafi in his hometown of Sirte (56). Anas al-Liby was the leader of this cell. He would be used as a patsy for Mossad in its 1998 bombings of the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya (57).

Mossad worked with MI5 for the 7/7 bombings in London.

These operations were part of a long-running Israeli project in which Mossad would recruit Palestinians to carry out terrorism to provide justification for escalation of Israeli military operations throughout occupied Palestine, and extrajudicial revenge policies abroad. The terrorism would be blamed on “Al-Qaeda.” The Palestinian operation however, would turn out to be a failure (58). Mossad’s relations with MI-6 shouldn’t come as a surprise to anyone. Most recently, in the London bombings of July 7th, 2005, the Zionist’s entity’s Mossad, notorious Shin Bet-infested Israeli security company ICTS and Britain’s internal intelligence service MI5 collaborated for a successful false flag operation (59). It should also come as no surprise then, given the history, that Qaddafi is accusing “Al-Qaeda” of staging the unrest in Libya (60). Al-Qaeda in this case, is interchangeable with CIA and Mossad.

When the Zionist entity’s tactics of subversion via a decade worth of false flag terrorism and sanctions didn’t achieve the goal of crippling Qaddafi, it switched its tactics to all out aggression against Libya. With its allies in the CIA manipulating protests and its patsies forming the National Transitional Council to create the illusion of the Libyan people’s representative, the next cog to be turned in the Zionist entity’s machine was to create the illusion of a humanitarian crisis.

From the onset of the Feb17 Revolution, stories from all ends of the media spectrum were surfacing about massacres of “unarmed” protesters at the hands of African mercenaries hired by Qaddafi and his regime (61). Just as quickly as the stories surfaced, Qaddafi immediately issued an emphatic denial of his regime hiring anything of the sort, as did regime officials (62). Oddly enough, the US government, which had been hawkish towards Libya from the moment the uprising began, inserted a clause in a February 27th UN Resolution that would shield these African mercenaries from being prosecuted for their crimes (63). Many commentators speculated that this was done to prevent the US itself, notorious for using hunter-killer corporations like Dyncorp and Xe to carry out mass killings in occupied Iraq and Afghanistan, from being subsequently prosecuted for the same crimes.

While this speculative theory was certainly plausible and even logical, it wasn’t congruent with the greater plot at hand. Mercenaries, Xe (Blackwater) specifically, had been escaping  international prosecution for a literal decade. Why start now? Especially when the world’s hegemonic powers had a “genocide” stop.

Global CST’s mercenaries are creating chaos in Libya. Global CST is run by Zionist General Israel Ziv.

The reason why the US, the Zionist entity’s patron, lap dog and military enforcer, introduced this clause into the UN resolution, is because the mercenaries on the ground have been recruited and employed by Global CST, an Israeli security company with strong links to Mossad, Shin Bet and Aman tied to war crimes and arms trafficking in Georgia and several countries in Africa. The director and owner of Global CST, retired Israeli General Israel Ziv, held a high-level meeting with Aman chief Aviv Cokhavi, Defense Minister Ehud Barak and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (all war criminals) shortly before the Feb17 Revolution to receive approval for the deployment of 50,000 mercenaries into Libya. The mission of this Israeli operation? Fuel civil war to bring about Western military intervention (64).

The mercenaries were in place and massacres of protesters were occurring, so the Zionist media took the opportunity presented by the troubled atmosphere to bolster its usual yellow journalism, stating that Qaddafi was now bombing civilians in Benghazi on February 22. As one would expect however, this story was farcical. The story was first exposed as sheer falsehood by the Russian military (65), and then astonishingly confirmed by war criminals Admiral Mike Mullen and Secretary of Defense Robert Gates (66). Despite two of the most powerful militaries in the world confirming that there were no airstrikes against civilians, the Zionist media continued to report them as fact.

Wolfowitz and Kristol: Zionist extremists; destroyers of Iraq; invaders of Libya.

As the mercenary’s massacres kept flowing, the Zionist dragon comprised of heads from the Project for a New American Century (PNAC) emerged from the shadows. Its thirst for blood not quenched by millions of dead Iraqis and Afghans, it now wanted Libya to solidify the Zionist entity’s revenge against Qaddafi once and for all. With US, UK and French special forces deployed to Tobruk and Benghazi a day after the fraudulent airstrikes stories were run (67), an organization called the Foreign Policy Initiative (FPI) wrote a letter to Obama, puppet of Zion, urging an immediate full-scale military intervention to take out Qaddafi and “end the violence.” Who are the leaders of FPI, you ask? PNAC repackaged: Wolfowitz, Kristol, Abrams, Kagan, Edelman and Senor. The genocidal maniacs who designed the ravaging and pillaging of Iraq and Afghanistan. In line with FPI’s request, Zionist hawks Joe Lieberman and John McCain called Washington from Tel Aviv demanding that Obama arm the “rebels (68),” who were already receiving training from Western Special Ops.

Obama followed suit, obeying the commands of his Zionist masters. On February 28th, the United States passed its largest set of sanctions ever, freezing $30 billion in Libyan assets and subsequently positioned its warships right off of the Libyan coast (69). The very next day, Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon called for a no-fly zone over Libya to, no, this is not an attempt at comedy, “stop the genocide (70).” Ayalon of course, did not call for a no-fly zone when the Zionist entity committed genocide from above in Lebanon in 2006 or in illegally besieged Gaza in 2008-2009.

A curious event took place on March 6th, as SAS forces led by an MI6 (Mossad’s Dragon Policy partner) officer dropped into Libya armed with guns, ammunition, explosives and false passports, all to be delivered to Libyan “rebels.” The Libyans were infuriated by such a bold move (71). That though, isn’t what invokes the accusation of curiousness. The Libyan people proposed the idea, that these British forces were actually Israelis using false British passports, as they did with Mossad’s assassination of Mahmoud al-Mabhouh in January 2010 (72). Two scenarios should be noted. Scenario One: this British convoy really was just simply delivering weapons to the CIA-backed rebels, as per the West’s policy of backing the anti-Qaddafi opposition from day one. Scenario Two: this British convoy was a false flag terrorism unit on a mission to carry out a massive attack on Libyan civilians to hasten a military intervention. Since they were detained and kicked out, the mission failed. Due to the gap between Obama’s positioning of warships coupled with the round of sanctions and the actual invasion, the latter scenario seems to be the correct one.

Netanyahu and Barak both want Qaddafi out of the picture to ravage Libya.

On March 17th, the butcher of Gaza Benjamin Netanyahu stated clearly that Muammar Qaddafi was not a friend of Israel and not a friend of the Jewish people, while stating rather ambiguously that he wouldn’t mind seeing military action implemented in Libya, nor would he mind seeing Qaddafi removed (73). Coincidentally (not really), also on March 17th, the UN passed its resolution for a no-fly zone over Libya and the approval of ‘all necessary measures to protect civilians,’ i.e. bombing Libya incessantly; preparations for a coalition strike began (74).

Zionist war criminal Ehud Barak praised the UN for its decision the following day, going on the record that Qaddafi would be gone within weeks and also mentioning that the Arab League (of thugs, dictators, oil barons and kleptocrats) giving its support was key to invading Libya (75). Barak’s nauseating diatribes brought back the memory of 9/11. Just moments after the Towers were struck, Barak was live on the air to blame Osama Bin Laden and call for an invasion of Afghanistan (76). Barak played a key role in Mossad’s false flag attack on 9/11, overseeing the operation as a special advisor for Electronic Data Systems (EDS), a Mossad haven partnered with another Mossad-run firm, SCP Partners. EDS and SCP secured the thermite explosives used to bring down the Twin Towers from several explosives-expert firms in their business portfolio (77).

Nearly 10 years after 9/11 and the criminal, genocidal invasion of Afghanistan, Israel has itself yet another war and its desired revenge on Qaddafi is imminent.

Obama has invaded Libya to secure Israel’s oil needs.

Egyptian Oil Workers and The 1975 MOU

Referring back to the malevolent statement of Vladimir Lenin regarding the creation of opposition to locate and destroy real opposition, the Egyptian Revolution makes its return to the forefront in the discussion of the Zionist dragon’s impending conquest in Libya. The Egyptian Revolution is not an absolute truth, nor is an absolute fiction. It is a combination of reality and fantasy; the Zionist entity’s way of quelling what was coming, what was bound to burst and isolating the catalytic threats to Israeli hegemony. The atmosphere leading to the “Jan25 Revolution” was a tense one. Several protests had already been held due to the Mubarak regime stealing the recent parliamentary elections and Muslim-Christian unity rallies were getting larger in the wake of the Mossad bombing of al-Qiddissin Church in Alexandria (78).

A revolution was already a decade in the making. Egyptians began hitting the streets in protest of Mubarak and his cronies in 2000, during occupied Palestine’s 2nd Intifada. In December 2006, poverty-stricken workers formed unions and partook in massive strikes. As a result of the growing revolutionary fire from these strikes, there were two huge uprisings in 2008, one in Mahalla, and another in Borollos. Both were crushed by the regime. These anti-Zionist workers and revolutionaries were aware of the Westernized “reform-seekers” in their mix. The real protesters? They wanted Mubarak gone. His regime gone. Ties with the Zionist entity severed and the siege of Gaza lifted. The elite dismantled and the wealth returned to the people. The reform seekers wanted to maintain the status quo with little change; only the illusion of it (79).

Mohamed ElBaradei: George Soros’ puppet in Egypt.

Unbeknownst to many of these revolutionaries, the reform-seekers that they kept their eyes on weren’t just Westernized… they were Western-trained. “Activists” from the April 6 Youth Movement, a group vociferously promoted by the Zionist media as the face of the Egyptian Revolution, received their training from the Centre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies (CANVAS) and the International Center For Nonviolent Conflict (ICNC), both funded by Zionist billionaire strongman Peter Ackerman and the face of internationalism, George Soros. The April 6 Youth Movement also works closely with Mohamed ElBaradei, a stooge and former board member of the International Crisis Group, founded by neo-con warmonger Morton I. Abramowitz and funded by Soros. ElBaradei sat on the board of International Crisis Group with Ackerman’s wife (80). And these men want freedom for Egypt? Oh, the trail of smoke left behind by the Zionist dragon’s fire.

The April 6 Youth Movement also received full backing from the US Statement department, with helping hands extended by Undersecretary For Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs James K. Glassman and Jared Cohen of Hillary Clinton’s Policy Planning Staff. Glassman is a rabid Zionist who was once a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, a pro-Israel think tank known for providing talking points to the US government. The April 6 Youth Movement reveled in these endorsements (81). Once Mubarak transferred power to a military junta fully backed by Zionism, it is these puppet activists, these whitewashed and westernized House Arabs, that told Egyptians to go home and “work harder than ever before to build a new Egypt” while real activists remained in Tahrir Square, demanding the collapse of the regime, planning more strikes in Egypt’s various business sectors and calling for the end of normalization with Israel (82).

The most important of all of these strikes, is that of the Egyptian oil workers, who are sick of corruption, slave wages, no unions and most of all, gas being pumped to to the Zionist entity, which they refuse to ever do again (83). Israel had raked Egypt over the coals for its precious resources, forcing the North African Arab nation to lose over 100 billion Egyptian pounds since 2005 alone (84). No gas has been pumped to Israel since February 13th, with the most recent protest being held in Suez on March 20th (85). Due to pressure from the Egyptian people, the military junta have not resumed gas to Israel and reluctantly have no plans to do so, also because of that pressure. 40% of Israel’s natural gas comes from Egypt, which the Zionist entity uses to produce 20% of its electricity (86). Egypt’s natural gas is an important element needed by the Zionist entity to maintain its 63-year occupation of Palestine.

George Soros funded the undermining of Egypt’s real revolutionaries.

Due to its proximity to Palestine, and the traitorous Camp David accords, Egypt’s sale of natural gas to the Zionist dragon was always practical. But now with a war on the ground between the brave revolutionaries and workers, champions of Arab dignity, and the Soros-Ackerman armada of House Arabs, and the Israel-friendly military junta stuck in the middle and walking a tight rope to appease its paymasters in Washington D.C. which fund it to the tune of over $1 billion a year, the Zionist entity needed another source. Enter Libya, a nation with the largest prove oil reserves in all of Africa (87). Coupled with the Zionist entity’s eternal vendetta against Qaddafi, this made Libya a prime target for another Israeli victim of balkanization.

On September 1st, 1975, an odious Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between the United States of America and the Zionist entity residing on stolen Palestinian land. This MOU stated the following, “The United States Government will make every effort to be fully responsive, within the limits of its resources and Congressional authorization and appropriation, on an ongoing and long-term basis, to Israel’s military equipment and other defense requirements, to its energy requirements and to its economic needs.” Also, “If the oil Israel needs to meet all its normal requirements for domestic consumption is unavailable for purchase in circumstances where no quantitative restrictions exist on the ability of the United States to procure oil to meet its normal requirements, the United States Government will promptly make oil available for purchase by Israel to meet all of the aforementioned normal requirements of Israel (88).”

To simplify, whenever the Zionist entity needs oil, as per the 1975 MOU, the United States will answer Israel’s beckoned call and go secure the oil. As was the case with Iraq, in which Benjamin Netanyahu bragged of Iraqi oil flowing from Kirkuk to Haifa (89), the war with Libya is indeed a war for oil. But not oil for America. Oil for the Zionist entity.

The US, UK and France have invaded Libya on Purim. It’s occupied Iraq  all over again.

Conclusion: Purim and Occupation

On March 19th, 2011, 2 days after Netanyahu’s declarations against Qaddafi and the UN’s approval of a no-fly zone, another dastardly crime of epic proportions was committed against humanity. The name of this crime is Operation Odyssey Dawn, the title for the French-British-American coalition attack on Libya. It began with 110 cruise missiles being fired from the sea by the US and the UK and bombardment from above being provided by France (90). 64 Libyan civilians were slaughtered and over 150 were wounded (91). Another genocide in the making. General Petraeus, the slaughterer of Iraqis and Afghans, and Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, another slaughterer of Iraqis and Afghans, think the mass murder of innocents deserves a good laugh (92).

It is certainly of no coincidence that the war against Libya, a revenge operation designed by the Zionist entity and instigated by its political assets, was started on the very same day that Iraq was invaded in 2003. Several analysts and politicos have made mention of this key point. The point that is not being mentioned, a point more important than the former, is that Libya, like Iraq (both inhumane invasions) and Kosovo before it, was invaded on Purim, the Jewish holiday of vengeance based on the events in the biblical Book of Esther, commemorating the killing of Persian Prime Minister Haman, who tried to wipe out the Jewish people before being wiped out himself. Haman’s descendants are the Amalekites, and due to decades upon decades of brainwashing from the global Talmudic rabbinate, many Israelis and American Jews feel that Arabs and Muslims are the Amalekites (93). It is not a conspiracy theory, an opinion, a perspective or a supposition that Purim is a heightened time of conflict in the Middle East. It is a fact (94).

For Purim 2011, the occupied West Bank was placed under siege and terminals within besieged Gaza were shut down (95). One of the most gruesome incidents on Purim in occupied Palestine was Purim 2006, when Palestinian prisoners were stripped naked, beaten, detained and photographed after IOF tanks shelled a jail of illegally held Palestinians (96). But, a flashback that digs even deeper is required to fully understand what is being done to Libya. On March 5th 1991, only five days after the Highway of Death incident in occupied Iraq, the US Congress honored a racist, xenophobic, genocidal Chabad Lubavich rabbi named Menachem Mendel Schneerson, deemed by American presidents as an achiever of “eminence as a moral leader for this country.”

The killing of non-Jews, the goyim, according to Rabbi Schneerson, was not only permissible, acceptable and even recommended, but he considered non-Jews to be a separate species from Jews. This monstrous man was the spiritual leader for many of the Zionist officials in the United States government from the first Bush administration through the second. These Zionist officials were the planners and executors of the invasions, occupations and genocides of Iraq and Afghanistan. Were they spilling non-Jewish blood on Purim to appease their spiritual leader? (97).

Those reading can “do the math,” especially considering that these same Zionist extremists are the warmongers who have orchestrated the spilling of blood in Libya today. Murdering Arabs, the Amalekites, on Purim, has become a sacred Israeli tradition (98), with certain rabbis going as far as considering Arabs worthy of annihilation for “obstructing the building of the 3rd Temple (99).” This extremism, which has claimed the lives of millions of Arabs and Muslims in the genocides of Iraq and Afghanistan, is never reported on by the Zionist media. Instead, the American people are given sustenance with fast mood meals of anti-Islamic rhetoric by the same pro-Israel war criminals sending their children to die for an illegal occupying entity. It is high time that they know what the true meaning of Amalek is and why it is of such esoteric significance to the Zionist controllers.

Cruise missiles fired by the occupiers into Libya.

What began as classic military interventionism has evolved into full blown occupation. Libya, like Palestine, Iraq, Afghanistan and Kashmir, should be referred to as occupied Libya from now on. 2,200 Marines are directly offshore, making preparations to enter Libya (100). US Forces recently opened fire on Libyan villagers, wounding 6, including a young boy that needed to have his leg amputated (101). SAS squads classified as ‘Smash Teams’ are on the ground to aid the Operation Odyssey Dawn coalition in its incessant bombing of Libyan territory (102). And as the occupiers mobilize and multiply, the Zionist media is spreading obscene propaganda, echoing the lies of Iraq pre-invasion. Zionist puppet David Cameron, the Prime Minister of the UK, is already parroting Gulf War-style tripe about Qaddafi using chemical warfare against the Libyan people (103); SAS forces are ready to seize the “mustard gas of the dictator” according to his government (104). The occupiers have already stated that there is ‘no timeline’ for the end of Odyssey Dawn (105).

An Iraqi child badly  deformed by depleted  uranium. This is what is  in store for the  children of Libya.

The Zionist media is spreading its lies about the non-existent chemical weaponry of Muammar Qaddafi for a very specific reason: because the Zionist entity’s American enforcer and its allies are using chemical weapons on the Libyan people. 45 2,000 pound depleted uranium bombs have been dropped on Libya (106). As the confirmed civilian casualties rise to 100 (107), the nightmare starts anew. Birth defects, cancers and fetal damage from radiation among innocent Iraqis in Mosul, Basra, Fallujah and Samarra and Baghdad after US, Israeli and British depleted uranium in occupied Iraq (108). Contaminated blood, birth defects and cancer among young Albanians after 11 tons of NATO depleted uranium in tiny Kosovo (109). Birth defects, incomplete hearts and brain malformations in the children of illegally besieged Gaza after Israel’s depleted uranium during Operation Cast Lead (110). Birth defects, deformities, leukemia and esophageal cancer in Afghan children after US and NATO depleted uranium in occupied Afghanistan (111).

Pain. Suffering. More pain. More suffering. This is what Zionism and all of its allies bring to the indigenous peoples of the world, specifically the Middle East. It is sad, abysmally tragic and flat-out despicable that so many “activists,” “truth-seekers” and “journalists” have cheered on this occupation and incoming genocide of the Libyan people in an emotive, thoughtless manner, forgetting the lessons of the past.

Obama serves Zionism. Period.

They were nowhere to be found when the US incinerated children in Iraq and Israel’s DU-tipped car bombs triggered hell on Iraqi streets from north to south. They were nowhere to be found when NATO destroyed Kosovo. They were nowhere to be found when the US and NATO massacred Afghanistan. They were definitely nowhere to be found when the Zionist entity rained hellfire on the innocent men, women and children of Lebanon and Gaza. They were nowhere to be found when US predator drones turned Pakistanis into dust matter. But now, they are on the front lines, cheering on Obama’s war, a criminal that the Zionist political machine of Chicago, rooted in gangsterism, considers the “first Jewish president (112).”

The Zionist dragon has breathed its fire on one nation after another since it came into being almost 64 years ago. The blood of the Amalakites is what it needs to survive, and the innocents inflicted by Israeli-created genocides mentioned in the previous paragraph are obviously, not enough. It is up to the people of conscience to seek out the drummers of war and eradicate them ideologically, rendering them irrelevant and placing the defense of the indigenous above all. Muammar Qaddafi has a special place on the Zionist regime’s hitlist, and it doesn’t care how many Libyans will die a brutal depleted uranium-touched death to accomplish its goal of overthrowing and burying him. Mahmoud Jibril, the Western stooge discussed earlier, has already been tapped by the Zionist Power Configuration as the “interim Prime Minister of Libya,” i.e. Qaddafi’s replacement (113).

The real message of the Libyan people: NO FOREIGN INTERVENTION!

To the vast majority of Libyans, who are not on the CIA payroll, whether you stand with Qaddafi or have issues with him, it is clear that you absolutely, positively, want nothing to do with the occupiers who are in the beginning stages of destroying your country. It is now up to you to fight back. It is up to you to cure this cancer. The traitors among you have made their decision to ally themselves with the butchers and bombers who have carved up the ancestral Arab and Muslim homelands like firewood on a chopping block. It is up to you to form a Resistance against all collaborators, all invaders, a model like that of Hezbollah in Lebanon, to save your nation.

Self-determination is a universal right that belongs to all people. It is embedded in the spiritual code of society, Islamic, Christian, secular or otherwise. It cannot be taken away by foreign powers; powers that never had any jurisdiction over such a right to begin with. Libya will overcome the siege of the Zionist dragon, no matter how long it may take, and when its self-determination blossoms, spitfire flowers will strike back at the powers who attempted to enforce humiliation against them.

And to those “humanitarians” attacking Muammar Qaddafi, an enigmatic leader who built Libya from the ground up over 42 years (114), you should direct your attention to real massacres from US-backed dictators ignored by the Zionist media like Islam Karimov, the barbaric 21-year dictator of Uzbekistan who slaughtered 700 of his citizens in the Andijan Massacre of 2005 (115).

Why are these “humanitarians” unaware of such a killing spree? Because Uzbekistan is a major torture center for the CIA’s Rendition program (116), the cornerstone of Zionism’s Orwellian ‘War On Terror.’ These “humanitarians” should remember that war is never the answer for anything, other than increasing the wealth of the globe holders. And finally, they should remember the words of late, great revolutionary Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara, whose words when applied to Libya and the oppressed Arab world have never rang so true, “Liberators do not exist. The people liberate themselves.” Indeed.

~ The End ~

Sources:

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(18) What Do Fallujah And Halabja Have In Common? by Ghali Hassan, Uruk Net

(19) George Soros To Give $100 Million To Human Rights Watch by Human Rights Watch

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(24) George Soros And Egypt’s New Constitution by Tony Cartalucci, Land Destroyer

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(26) The Final Judgment: The Missing Link In The JFK Assassination Conspiracy by Michael Collins Piper

(27) Libyan Ship With Gaza Aid Arrives In Egyptian Port by BBC News

(28) The Reality Of Zionism by Jonathan Azaziah, Mask of Zion

(29) UPDATE 1 – Gaddafi Tells Palestinians: Revolt Against Israel by Ali Shuaib and Salah Sarrar, Reuters

(30) The High Priests Of War by Michael Collins Piper

(31) Board Of Directors by National Endowment For Democracy

(32) About Us: Board Of Trustees by Freedom House

(33) Biography of Dr. Allen Weinstein, Ninth Archivist Of The United States by National Archives

(34) Rogue State: A Guide To The World’s Only Superpower by William Blum

(35) Meet Our President by National Endowment For Democracy

(36) Democracy And Anti-Semitism: Remarks by Carl Gershman by Anti-Defamation League

(37) Uncle NED Comes Calling by Phillip Giraldi, Antiwar.com

(38) Middle East And North Africa: Libya by National Endowment For Democracy

(39) National Endowment For Democracy by Source Watch

(40) Where We Work: MEPI In Libya by The Middle East Partnership Initiative

(41) Gaddafi Ready For Libya’s “Day Of Rage” by Khaled Mahmoud, Asharq Alawsat

(42) The National Accord by The National Conference Of The Libyan Opposition

(43) Libyan Opposition Meets To Discuss Ending Gadhafi’s 36-Year Authoritarian Rule by The Khaleej Times

(44) Gaddafi Will Not Survive The Protests: Sahad by Ali Moore, Australian Broadcasting Corporation; 300 Protesters Killed In Libya by The Deccan Herald

(45) What Is The National Front For The Salvation Of Libya? by Yoshie Furuhashi, Red Ant Liberation Army News

(46) Imperial War On Libya by Stephen Lendman, Counter Currents

(47) Anti-Gaddafi Figures Say Form National Council by Mohammed Abbas, Reuters

(48) Clinton Meets In Paris With Libyan Rebel Leader by Steven Lee Myers, The New York Times

(49) France Recognizes Libya Rebels, To Surprise Of EU by Don Melvin and Raf Casert, Associated Press

(50) Key Figures In Libya’s Rebel Council by David Ritten, BBC News

(51) Establishment Of The National Economic Development Board by United Nations Public Administration Network; Michigan State’s Libya Ties by Inside Higher Ed

(52) Hunting For Witches In An Ivory Tower by Danna Harman, Haaretz

(53) Rebel Leader Calls For ‘Immediate Action’ On No-Fly Zone by CNN

(54) The Power Of Nightmares: The Rise Of The Politics Of Fear by Adam Curtis, BBC

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(56) MI6 ‘Halted Bid To Arrest Bin Laden’ by Martin Bright, The Guardian

(57) UPI Interview With Hamid Gul by Arnaud de Borchgrave, UPI

(58) Mossad Exposed In Phony ‘Palestinian Al-Qaeda’ Caper by Michele Steinberg and Hussein Askary, Ascertain The Truth

(59) 7/7 Ripple Effect (Documentary) by Muad’Dib also known as John Hill

(60) Gaddafi Blames Al-Qaeda For Revolt by Al Jazeera English

(61) Witnesses Say African Mercenaries Have Been Captured In Libya by France24

(62) Libya: Who Is Propping Up Gaddafi? by Frank Gardner, BBC News; Libya Denies Use Of Mercenaries by Al Jazeera English

(63) Libya: African Mercenaries ‘Immune From Prosecution For War Crimes’ by Jon Swaine, The Telegraph

(64) Mercenary Company CST Global And War Criminal Israel Ziv Write To Voltaire Network by Thierry Meyssan, Voltaire Network; Report: Israel Company Recruiting Gadhafi Mercenaries by Ma’an News Agency; Israel Provides Henchmen For Gaddafi by Press TV

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(67) US, France, Britain Set Up Military Bases In Libya by Press TV

(68) US Neo-Cons Urge Libya Intervention by Jim Lobe, Al Jazeera English

(69) US Moves Warships Closer To Libya, Freezes Assets by Missy Ryan and Ross Colvin, Reuters

(70) Israeli Minister Favours Libya No-Fly Zone by Yahoo! News

(71) SAS Rounded Up And Booted Out As Libyan Mission Turns To Face by Tim Shipman and David Williams, The Daily Mail

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(115) ‘700 Dead’ In Uzbek Violence by Mark Oliver, The Guardian

(116) Intelligence Officer Claims CIA Was Complicit In Torture In Uzbekistan by The Scotland Sunday Herald

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gadhafi avec Curt Weldon of PA, USA:

The Other Truth about Libya
Posted: 01 April 2011 by Slindauer

http://www.rense.com/general93/truth.htm

The Truth About Libya
By Stephen Goodson

Colonel Muammar Gadaffi is frequently referred to in the media as a “mad dictator” and “bloody tyrant”, but do these allegations accord with the facts?

Libya consists of over 15O tribes, with the two main groups, the Meghabra living in Tripolitania in the west and the Wafallah living in Cyrenaica in the east. Previous attempts to unite these tribes by the Turkish (1855-1911) and ltalian {1911-43) colonial rulers failed and the country was split in two for administrative purposes.

Oil was discovered in Libya in 1959, but King ldris of the Senussi tribe allowed most of the oil profits to be siphoned into the coffers of the oil companies. The coup d’etat on 1 September 1969 led by Colonel Gadaffi had countrywide support. He subsequently married a woman from the royal Barqa tribe and adroitly unified the nation.

By retaining Libya’s oil wealth for the benefit of all its people, Gadaffi had created a socialist paradise. There is no unemployment, Libya has the highest GDP in .Africa, less than 5% of the population is classified as poor and it has fewer people living below the poverty datum line than for example in Holland. Life expectancy is 75 years and is the highest in Africa and I0% above the world average.

With the exception of the nomadic Bedouin and Tuareg tribes, most Libyan families possess a house and a car. There is free health care and education and not surprisingly Libya has a literacy rate of 82%. Last year Gadaffi distributed $500 to each man, woman and child (population 6.5 million).

Libya has a tolerable human rights record and stands at 61 on the International Incarceration Index, comparable with countries in central Europe (the lower the rating, the lower the standing – the USA occupies the no.1 spot!). There is hardly any crime and only rebels and traitors are dealt with harshly.

Anyone who has read Gadaffi’s little Green Book will realize that he is a thoughtful and enlightened leader. Libya has been accused of having committed numerous acts of terrorism in the past, but many of these have been perpetrated by foreign intelligence agencies as false flag operations – the Lockerbie bombing being a prime example.

The CIA and MI6 and their frontmen have been stoking up dissent in the east of the country for almost 30 years. Libya produces exceptionally high quality light crude oil and its production cost of $1 a barrel, compared to the current price of $115, is the lowest in the world.

Riba (usury) is not permitted. The Central bank of Libya is a wholly-owned by the Libyan Government and is run as a state bank, issuing all government loans free of interest. This is in contrast to the exploitative fractional reserve banking system of the West. The no-fly zone and the bombing of Libya have nothing to do with the protection of civilians. It is an act of war ­ a blatant and crude attempt by the oil corporations and international bankers to steal the wealth of Libya.

 

 

“Moammar Gadhafi, as Piero Gheddo KNOWS HIM TO BE” 28 MARZO 2011:

Few people know that Gaddafi worked to open schools and universities for women,
guaranteed freedom for them to leave home unaccompanied, developed the country’s economy. He asked John Paul II for nuns who were nurses for Libyan hospitals. The appeal of Benedict XVI
and Archbishop Martinelli to dialogue. With the end of Gaddafi the risk of Islamic fundamentalism grows.

The West has sided with opponents of the Muammar Gaddafi, who will have to choose between dying in a Tripoli reduced to rubble or accepting exile in
a friendly country. At this point it is only a question of time, and is superfluous to recall what the Pope has said many times. And again yesterday, 27 March  after the Angelus,
Benedict XVI said:

“Faced with the increasingly dramatic reports from Libya, my trepidation for the safety and security of civilians and my concern for the unfolding situation,
currently signed by the use of arms, is growing. In times of greatest tension, the need to put to use all means available to diplomacy becomes increasingly urgent and to support
even the weakest signs of openness and willingness on both sides involved, for reconciliation in search of peaceful and lasting solutions. In view of this, as I lift my prayer to the
Lord for a return to harmony in Libya and the entire North African region, I also appeal to the international bodies and all those in positions of military and political responsibility,
for the immediate start of dialogue and the suspension of the use of weapons”.

The Bishop of Tripoli, Mgr. Giovanni Martinelli (AsiaNews.it, March 25) adds: “The war could have been avoided. A few days before Sarkozy decided to bomb, there were some glimmers of hope for
real mediation. But the bombs have damaged everything”.

“The Guide”  since 1969,  Gaddafi has followed a revolutionary line, but never Islamic-Extremism. He expelled from Libya: 25 thousand Italians and other foreigners living in Libya [who were the backbone of the economy and public services and were the cause of bringing his people to misery]. In 1986, Reagan bombed the six tents, inside the barracks, one of which housed the Libyan prime minister, who escaped by a miracle. [BUT found Hanna, his adopted 5 year-old daughter, dead; and two of his sons scarred by shards.]

Isolated between pro-Western Egypt and Tunisia, he realized that the revolutionary line was destined to fail and so he gradually changed his policy: he may have continued to make revolutionary and
anti-Western speeches, but in practice, especially after the economic embargo was removed in 1998 and the embargo on arms sales in 2004, he started a process of rapprochement to the West and,
what is more important, the education of his people with schools and respect for the rights of man and woman .

I was in Libya in 2007 and have stayed in touch with friends. Gaddafi has used oil revenues to develop the country: roads, schools, hospitals, universities, low cost housing, the beginning of
industrialization and agricultural development bringing water to the desert, up to a depth of 600-800-1.000 m! Two water systems (built by South Korean) taking water from the desert to the coast, 900 km to the north.

The Gaddafi regime is supported by the tribes of Tripolitania, it has fought those of Cyrenaica, a region that has rebelled and easily won power in Benghazi and other cities. A traditional rivalry that had already caused problems at the time of the Italian colonization. The recent uprising was not caused by poverty, such as those of Egypt and Tunisia, in fact, to date, of the many refugees from the Maghreb countries, no
Libyan has fled from Libya, a sign that people were not so badly off. The revolt is led by tribal rivalries (the tribes are called “Kabila”).

But we can not forget what “The Guide” has done: he sent girls to school and college, abolished polygamy and passed laws in favour of women in marriage: for example, he prohibited the use of keeping girls and women locked in the rooms and walled courtyard of the house. Above all, he controlled and kept in check Islamic extremism. A committee of Islamic scholars in Tripoli prepared religious texts in advance of Friday, sending them to all the mosques of the country, the imam had to read that text without adding or removing anything, on pain of loosing his position.

Until now there has been religious freedom in Libya. The 100 thousand Christians (no Libyans, all foreign workers in most part Egyptian Copts), albeit with many limitations, enjoy freedom of worship and assembly.
Caritas Libya is a well respected agency and often asked to intervene in certain situations. Two exceptional circumstances. In 1986, Gaddafi wrote to Pope John Paul II asking for Italian nuns for hospitals. He built hospitals and clinics, but had not yet trained Libyan nurses. The request came from the good example of the two Italian Franciscan nurses who assisted Gaddafi’s foster-father until his death. In Libya today there are about 80 Catholic nuns (mainly Indian and Filipino, but also Italian) and 10 thousand Catholic nurses from the Philippines and India, as well as many Filipino, Indian, Lebanese, Italian doctors. Archbishop Martinelli said to me:

“The presence of these young Christian women, professionally trained, polite, attentive to the needs of patients caring for them with love, are changing the image of Christianity among Muslims.”

This is not allowed in any other Islamic country.

A second fact. I was in the desert at 900-1000 km. from Tripoli, where because of water pulled up from the depths of the earth the region is blooming. A lake of 35 km long and cultivated fields and towns, where 20 years ago there was nothing. The capital city in the region of Sabha has 80 thousand inhabitants, and is home to an Italian doctor and priest, Don Giovanni Bressan (Padova), was one of the founders of the central hospital. Don Bressan gathered to him many refugees from African countries south of the desert (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, etc..) He founded a church, a school and a community centre for them. The Africans work and are paid for three or more years, remaining in the south, then when they have enough money they attempt to reach Italy! They do all kinds of jobs and are seen as honest and strong workers. Don Vanni (Giovanni) succeeds in stopping some families, others want to come to Italy, or Europe. The process towards full integration of Libya into the modern world and the Charter of Rights had begun. I am not defending Gaddafi, but it does seem only fair to testify aspects of his rule that have been completely ignored in recent days.

On March 26, Magdi Cristiano Allam wrote about in the Italian newspaper “Il Giornale”: “In the war that has broken out in Libya and which sees Italy on the front line, the only real certainty, beyond the intentions of those who unleashed it, is that the Islamists will win and that, consequently, the populations of eastern and southern shores of the Mediterranean will be increasingly submissive to sharia, the Islamic law that denies fundamental human rights and legitimises theocratic dictatorship. An outcome that is exactly the opposite of the official proclamations of Sarkozy and Obama and their excessive use of catchphrases such as ‘freedom and democracy’. “

26 March 2011 Last updated at 01:03 GMT The Muammar Gaddafi storyBy Martin Asser BBC News

How can you adequately describe someone like Muammar Gaddafi? During a period that has spanned six decades, the Libyan leader has paraded on the world stage with a style so unique and unpredictable that the words “maverick” or “eccentric” scarcely do him justice.

His rule has seen him go from revolutionary hero to international pariah, to valued strategic partner and back to pariah again.

He has developed his own political philosophy, writing a book that is – in the eyes of its author, at least – so influential that it eclipses anything dreamt up by Plato, Locke or Marx.

Gaddafi on women – and ‘insanity’

“Freedom of expression is the right of every natural person, even if a person chooses to behave irrationally, to express his or her insanity”.    “Women, like men, are human beings. This is an incontestable truth… Women are different from men in form because they are females, just as all females in the kingdom of plants and animals differ from the male of their species… According to gynaecologists women, unlike men, menstruate each month… Since men cannot be impregnated they do not experience the ailments that women do.”

Both excerpts from the Green Book

He has made countless show-stopping appearances at Arab and international gatherings, standing out not just with his outlandish clothing, but also his blunt speeches and unconventional behaviour.

One Arab commentator recently called him the “Picasso of Middle East politics”, although instead of Blue, Rose or Cubist periods, he has had his pan-Arab period, his Islamist period, his pan-African period, and so on.

Early promiseIn the heady days of 1969 – when he seized power in a bloodless military coup – and the early 1970s, Muammar Gaddafi was a handsome and charismatic young army officer.

An eager disciple of President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt (he even adopted the same military rank, promoting himself from captain to colonel after the coup), Gaddafi first set about tackling the unfair economic legacy of foreign domination.

For Nasser, it was the Suez Canal. For Gaddafi, it was oil.

Significant reserves had been discovered in Libya in the late 1950s, but the extraction was controlled by foreign petroleum companies, which set prices to the advantage of their own domestic consumers and benefited from a half share in the revenue.

Col Gaddafi demanded renegotiation of the contracts, threatening to shut off production if the oil companies refused.

Gaddafi was a huge admirer of Egypt’s Gamal Abdel Nasser, who led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952

He memorably challenged foreign oil executives by telling them “people who have lived without oil for 5,000 years can live without it again for a few years in order to attain their legitimate rights”.

The gambit succeeded and Libya became the first developing country to secure a majority share of the revenues from its own oil production. Other nations soon followed this precedent and the 1970s Arab petro-boom began.

Libya was in a prime position to reap the benefits. With production levels matching the Gulf states, and one of the smallest populations in Africa (less than 3m at the time), the black gold made it rich quickly.

Political theoristRather than persevering with the doctrines of Arab Nationalism, or following the glittering excesses of Gulf consumerism, Col Gaddafi’s innately mercurial character led him and Libya on a new path.

Born to nomadic Bedouin parents in 1942, Muammar Gaddafi was certainly an intelligent, resourceful man, but he did not receive a thorough education, apart from learning to read the Koran and his military training.

Nevertheless, in the early 1970s he set out to prove himself a leading political philosopher, developing something called the third universal theory, outlined in his famous Green Book. The theory claims to solve the contradictions inherent in capitalism and communism (the first and second theories), in order to put the world on a path of political, economic and social revolution and set oppressed peoples free everywhere.

galantarie		#845	[url]	[-]
Member Posts: 6308 02/13/11 15:17:52 Member	Gaddafi tells Palestinians: Revolt against Israel Libyan leader says refugees should gather peacefully on the borders of Israel until it gives in to their demands By Ali Shuaib Reuters  updated 2 hours 4 minutes ago 2011-02-13T20:49:01  TRIPOLI — Palestinian refugees should capitalize on the wave of popular revolts in the Middle East by massing peacefully on the borders of Israel until it gives in to their demands, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi said Sunday. Gaddafi is respected in many parts of the Arab world for his uncompromising criticism of Israel and Arab leaders who have dealings with the Jewish state, though some people in the region dismiss his initiatives as unrealistic. He was giving his first major speech since a popular uprising in neighboring Egypt forced President Hosni Mubarak to resign, an event which electrified the Arab world and prompted speculation that other Arab governments could also be toppled. “Fleets of boats should take Palestinians … and wait by the Palestinian shores until the problem is resolved,” Gaddafi was shown saying on state television. “This is a time of popular revolutions.” “We need to create a problem for the world. This is not a declaration of war. This is a call for peace,” he said in a speech given to mark the birthday of the Prophet Mohamed, a holy day in the Islamic calendar. Palestinians have long demanded that refugees who fled or were forced to leave in the war of Israel’s creation in 1948 should be allowed to return, along with their descendants. Israel says any resettlement of Palestinian refugees must occur outside of its borders. Gaddafi also issued a call to Muslim countries to join forces against Western powers. He said the world was divided into white, denoting the United States, Europe and their allies, and green for the Muslim world. “The white color has decided to get rid of the green color,” Gaddafi said. “These countries should be united against the white color because all of these white countries are the enemies of Islam.” He also said: “All Arab states which have relations with Israel are cowardly regimes.” Gaddafi has for decades challenged what he describes as Western imperialism. His oil exporting country spent years under international sanctions. But the sanctions were lifted in 2004 when Gaddafi renounced his previous activities. He still frequently deploys his colorful rhetoric against the West.

On the Arab world and Africa

“Libya is an African country. May Allah help the Arabs and keep them away from us. We don’t want anything to do with them” Libyan TV, March 2007

“I am an international leader, the dean of the Arab rulers,… and my international status does not allow me to descend to a lower level” Arab League summit, March 2009

The solution to society’s woes, the book maintains, is not electoral representation – described by Gaddafi as “dictatorship” by the biggest party – or any other existing political system, but the establishment of people’s committees to run all aspects of existence.

This new system is presented diagrammatically in the Green Book as an elegant wagon wheel, with basic popular congresses around the rim electing people’s committees that send influence along the spokes to a responsive and truly democratic people’s general secretariat at the centre.

In the parallel world of the Green Book, the system is called a Jamahiriyya – a neologism that plays on the Arabic word for a republic, Jumhuriyya, implying “rule by the masses”.

 

Gaddafi’s ‘system’ as envisaged in the Green Book

AP

Gadhafi’s portrait hangs in a meeting hall as Libyan tribal leaders gather to discuss the situation in Tripoli.

So the long-suffering Libyan masses were dragooned into attending popular congresses: vested as the only powers, authority or budget  [a system that was designed to end oppression and dictatorship].

They include laws allowing collective punishment for anyone who spreads theories aiming to change this theory; and, life imprisonment for disseminating information that tarnishes the country’s reputation. Gaddafi was able to take his anti-imperialist campaign around the world.

“There is no state with a democracy like Libya’s on the whole planet”

Adventures abroad & A new detente?

The resolution of the Lockerbie case, along with Col Gaddafi’s subsequent admission and renunciation of a covert nuclear and chemical weapons programme, paved the way for a significant warming of relations between Tripoli and western powers in the 21st century.

 

Tony Blair visited Gaddafi at his luxurious Bedouin tent after sanctions were lifted

With international sanctions lifted, Tripoli was back on the international political itinerary, allowing British Prime Minister Tony Blair, among other luminaries, to drop in at Col Gaddafi’s famously luxurious Bedouin tent erected in his palace grounds.

In true nomadic style, the tent also went with the colonel on trips to Europe and the USA….

Business deals were struck with a succession of western defence manufacturers and oil firms.

Ironically, it was on the Arab front that Col Gaddafi kept his black sheep status alive. He was viewed as a heretic by Islamic-Muslims because he shaved and believed in the value of womanhood.

Throughout the 2000s, the normally staid proceedings of annual summits of the Arab League were almost guaranteed to be disrupted by the Libyan leader’s antics, by his tossing insults at Gulf rulers and the Palestinians, or declaring himself “king of kings of Africa”.

The UN has also witnessed his genuine inability to conform. At the 2010 General Assembly, he gave a speech more than an hour-and-a-quarter longer than his allocated 10-minute time slot, tearing out and screwing up pages from the UN Charter as he spoke.

The combination of water and oil gave Libya a sound economic platform

Gaddafi was not so widely perceived as a western lackey as some Arab leaders accused of putting outside interests before those of his people; He had redistributed wealth – He sponsored grand public works, such as the improbable Great Man-Made River project, a massive endeavour inspired, perhaps, by ancient Bedouin water procurement techniques, that brought sweet, fresh water from aquifers in the south to the arid north of his country.There was even something of a Tripoli Spring, with long-term exiles given to understand that they could return without facing persecution or jail.

When the first calls for a Libyan “day of rage” were circulated, Col Gaddafi pledged – apparently in all seriousness – to protest with the people, in keeping with his myth of being the “brother leader of the revolution” who had long ago relinquished power to the people.

Gaddafi’s days of flamboyant appearances in New York, the capitals of Europe and the Arab world, are now behind him. So too the spell which he once cast over Libyans with his “universal theory”.

 NO LONGER A WAR ABOUT PROTECTING CIVILIANS FROM HARM

It’s been just about a week since the United States started doing some, you know, shooting hundreds of cruise missiles at Libya — no biggie — and you might be wondering why we
haven’t had that moment where President Barack Obama sits in the Oval Office and explains at length about what we’re up to and what the plan is and what we hope to achieve.
Well, per Glenn Thrush and Carrie Budoff Brown comes the answer: the president doesn’t want to do something that makes anyone worry that there’s a war on or anything. This is just
some light “kinetic military action,” people! That is barely like getting to second base with a war in Libya.
Today 3:48 PM Reporter Claims ‘The Charred Head’ Stared Upwards
More details emerge from AFP reporter Sara Hussein’s story on the aftermath of airstrikes near Ajdabiyah:
The body lies on its back, the charred head staring upwards, the right arm bent and the hand reaching out, everything below the upper torso gone – the remains of a soldier from Gaddafi’s
forces. The man’s curly hair is still visible atop his scorched face. Standing over him, locals from the town of Ajdabiya take pictures and stare wide-eyed.
The body is one of dozens strewn on the road outside of Ajdabiya, a key eastern town that sits at the junction of roads leading to the oil town of Tobruk and the rebel-stronghold of Benghazi.
Today 3:39 PM The Damage Following Air Raids
According to BBC News, there was much damage after the allied air raids in Ajdabiya. AFP’s Sara Hussein reports, “13.56 A graphic description of the horrific aftermath of airstrikes from
Sara Hussein, an AFP reporter on the scene near Ajdabiyah:
The body lies on its back, the charred head staring upwards, the right arm bent and the hand reaching out, everything below the upper torso gone – the remains of a soldier from Gaddafi’s forces.
The man’s curly hair is still visible atop his scorched face. Standing over him, locals from the town of Ajdabiya take pictures and stare wide-eyed.
The body is one of dozens strewn on the road outside of Ajdabiya, a key eastern town that sits at the junction of roads leading to the oil town of Tobruk and the rebel-stronghold of Benghazi.
Ajdabiyah ended in the early hours of Saturday morning, after two days of heavy coalition airstrikes.
The damage caused by the aerial bombardment is astonishing. Body parts – some identifiable as such, pink and covered with flies, others little more than piles of ash – are visible next to
blankets and the carcasses of tanks. A medical team from the city works to clear the bodies from the site, loading one after another from a stretcher into the back of a white pick-up truck.
Volunteers wearing blue-green face masks try to cover the bodies.
One doctor, Osama Al-Qasy, estimates at least 21 bodies have already been put into the truck at the site, a few kilometres outside of Adjabiya’s gate leading west. “But there are so many
body parts, pieces, that we don’t know yet how many there are here.”
Today 1:17 PM U.S. Pilot Tells Of Raid Over Libya
Capt. Ryan Thuli talks to the New York Times about his mission:
Suddenly, red tracers of antiaircraft fire streaked up from the desert below. Captain Thulin, a 28-year-old Air Force Academy graduate on his first combat mission, instinctively veered his single-seat jet away from the ground fire and dropped 500-pound, precision-guided bombs on the Libyan forces. A huge fireball lit up the cloudless sky.
Several minutes later, the scene replayed itself, only this time Captain Thulin bombed army targets much closer to the outskirts of a city in eastern Libya where government troops, rebel fighters
and civilians were in dangerous proximity. In the air campaign against Libya, allied warplanes have not attacked targets
in cities before, except for Tripoli,
and were under strict instructions to avoid hitting civilians. But now that has completely changed, and there are immense
civilian casualties!

A military official said Air Force B-2 stealth bombers flew 25 hours in a round trip from Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri and dropped 45 2,000-pound bombs.

What happens when rebel forces eventually go on the offensive against Gadhafi’s troops remains unclear, as they obviously have not heeded the “cease-fire” agreement.

Burned-out tanks and personnel carriers littered one of the main desert roads leading from the Libyan capital. A power station hit by a shell on Thursday was still burning, its blackened fuel tank crumpled,
with flames and black smoke pouring out.
The U.N. resolution authorizing international military action in Libya, not only sets up a no-fly zone but allows “all necessary measures” ….

In Cairo, a group of Libyans angry at the international intervention in their homeland blocked the path of U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon following his meeting at the Arab League on Monday.
Ban had finished talks with the Arab League chief Amr Moussa and left the organization’s headquarters in Cairo to walk around nearby Tahrir Square, the centerpiece of Egyptian uprising that last month
toppled Hosni Mubarak, when dozens of Libyan protesters converged on him and his security detail.
The Libyans, carrying pictures of Moammar Gadhafi and banners critical of the United States and United Nation, blocked Ban’s path, forcing him to return to the league and leave from another exit.

The resolution makes Gadhafi, and the Libyan government-forces, legitmate potential targets for U.S. and European strikes.
The U.S. military, for now at the lead of the international campaign, is trying to walk a fine line over the end game of the assault. It is avoiding for now any appearance that it aims to take out Gadhafi or help
the rebels oust him, instead limiting its stated goals to protecting civilians.
Britain also is treading carefully. Foreign Secretary William Hague refused Monday to say if Gadhafi would or could be assassinated, insisting he would not “get drawn into details about what or whom may be targeted.”
“I’m not going to speculate on the targets,” Hague said in a heated interview with BBC radio. “That depends on the circumstances at the time.”

Turkey and France clash over Libya air campaign
Tension mounts over military action as Ankara accuses Sarkozy of pursuing French interests over liberation of Libyan people
Ian Traynor in Brussels guardian.co.uk, Thursday 24 March 2011 16.20 GMT Article history
The Turkish prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, accused France of seeing Libya as a source of ‘oil, gold mines and underground treasures’. Photograph: Osman Orsal/REUTERS
Turkey has launched a bitter attack on French president Nicolas Sarkozy’s and France’s leadership of the military campaign against Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, accusing the French of lacking
a conscience in their conduct in the Libyan operations.The vitriolic criticism, from both the prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and the president, Abdullah Gül followed attacks from the Turkish government
earlier this week and signalled an orchestrated attempt by Ankara to wreck Sarkozy’s plans to lead the air campaign against Gaddafi.With France insisting that Nato should not be put in political charge of the
UN-mandated air campaign, Turkey has come out emphatically behind sole Nato control of the operations.
The row came as France confirmed that one of its fighter jets had destroyed a Libyan air force plane, the first to breach the no-fly zone since it was imposed on 19 March. The Libyan G2/Galeb trainer aircraft was
destroyed by an air-to-ground missile just after it landed at an air base near the rebel-held town of Misrata, a French military spokesman said.
The clash between Turkey and France over Libya is underpinned by acute frictions between Erdogan and Sarkozy, both impetuous and mercurial leaders who revel in the limelight, by fundamental disputes over
Ankara’s EU ambitions, and by economic interests in north Africa.
The confrontation is shaping up to be decisive in determining the outcome of the bitter infighting over who should inherit command of the Libyan air campaign from the Americans and could come to a head at a major
conference in London next week of the parties involved.
Using incendiary language directed at France in a speech in Istanbul, Erdogan said: “I wish that those who only see oil, gold mines and underground treasures when they look in [Libya’s] direction,
would see the region through glasses of conscience from now on.”
President Gül reinforced the Turkish view that France and others were being driven primarily by economic interests. “The aim [of the air campaign] is not the liberation of the Libyan people,” he said.
“There are hidden agendas and different interests.”
The Turks are incensed at repeated snubs by Sarkozy. The French failed to invite Turkey to last Saturday’s summit in Paris which presaged the air strikes. French fighters taking off from Corsica struck the first blows. The
Turkish government accused Sarkozy of launching not only the no-fly zone, but his presidential re-election campaign.

MOSCOW | Sat Mar 26, 2011 1:35pm EDT

MOSCOW (Reuters) – NATO could be dragged into a full-scale war in Libya, like those being waged in Iraq and Afghanistan, Russia‘s ambassador to the military alliance was quoted as saying on Saturday.

NATO has control of an arms embargo on Libya and agreed this week to assume command of a no-fly zone over its territory but Washington has been left in control of conducting air strikes against
Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi’s ground forces.

“Just as we forecast, NATO is being drawn deeper and deeper into war in North Africa,” Russia’s envoy to NATO, Dmitry Rogozin, told Interfax news agency.

“The statements we are hearing today from NATO members and the alliance on the whole could draw this bloc into a full-scale operation on Libyan territory, which means
essentially the U.S. and its closest allies could be drawn into a third war in addition to those in Iraq and Afghanistan.”

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has expressed concern over the possibility of civilian deaths and told U.S. President Barack Obama in a telephone conversation earlier this week
that such casualties had to be prevented. 

Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, Russia’s paramount leader, has taken a harder stance, comparing the U.N. resolution to “medieval calls for crusades.”

(Reporting by Thomas Grove; editing by Elizabeth Piper)

AP/ Libyan State TV

In his Wednesday morning appearance, Gadhafi added: “This assault … is by a bunch of fascists who will end up in the dustbin of history.”

(Good eventually is victor over EVIL; as God will be the FINAL ANSWER and be VICTORIOUS. This “false war” will one-day enter history books,

revealing the last stand of a demoralized West, in the last pangs of its death-throws ~ to a dying star.)

Libya’s Gaddafi was top supporter of Darfur rebels: official

28 March  2011 (KHARTOUM) – The chairman of Transitional Darfur Regional Authority (TDRA) slammed the beleaguered Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and accused him of being the top supporter of the rebel groups who took arms since 2003 against the central government.

Libyan Leader Muammar Gaddafi (MAHMUD TURKIA/AFP/Getty Images)

West Darfur governor Al-Shertai Ga’far Abdel-Hakam who is also the TDRA head told a forum organized by the National Union of Sudanese youth that Gaddafi provided money and weaponry to rebels in the region as well as the East and the South.

He provided no details to back his claims. However, he is the first high ranking Sudanese official to go on the record with these allegations that his peers made privately for years.

A failed by attempt by the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) in May 2008 to take over the capital was blamed on Libyan and French backing. Sudanese media quoted government sources at the time as saying that the financing of the operation was made through the Libyan Sahel-Saharan bank.

Libya is currently hosting JEM leader Ibrahim Khalil after being refused entry by the Chadian authorities last year where he was based. Sudan has sought without success to have Libya expel him.

However, it was Gaddafi that pushed the African Union (AU) to grant Sudanese president Omer Hassan Al-Bashir immunity from arrest in the continent despite an arrest warrant against him issued by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for his alleged role in Darfur war crimes.

Gaddafi is fighting an armed rebellion that initially started as a popular uprising in mid-February. Diplomats at the UN told Reuters last week that Sudan has quietly granted permission for coalition aircraft to use its airspace for enforcement of the No-Fly Zone.

(ST)

 Patre Nostru chì sì in celu, ch’ellu sia sanctficatu u to nome…. …ma francaci da u male.

______________________________

Lockerbie Diary: Gadhaffi, Fall Guy For CIA Drug Running
By Susan Lindauer, Former U.S. Asset covering Iraq and Libya – Contributing Writer
March 4th, 2011

For years I was told the terrorist who placed the bomb on board Pan Am 103, known as the Lockerbie bombing, lives about 8 miles from my house, in Fairfax County, Virginia.

His life-time of privilege and protection, gratis of high flyers in U.S. Intelligence, has been a reward for silence on the CIA’s involvement in drug trafficking in Lebanon during the 1980s.

As sources go, I was more than a casual observer. From May 1995 until March 2003, I performed as a back channel to Tripoli and Baghdad, supervised by my CIA handler, Dr. Richard Fuisz, who claimed from day one to know the origins of the Lockerbie conspiracy and the identity of the terrorists. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20000528/ai_n13949725/ He swore that no Libyan participated in the attack.

Armed with that assurance, our team started talks with Libya’s diplomats for the Lockerbie Trial, and I attended over 150 meetings at the Libyan Embassy in New York. After the hand over of Libya’s two accused men, our team engaged in a concerted fight to gain permission for Dr. Fuisz to give a deposition about his primary knowledge of the conspiracy, during the Lockerbie Trial. In a surprise twist, the U.S. Federal Judge in Alexandria, Virginia imposed a double seal on a crucial portion of Dr. Fuisz’s deposition. The double seal can only be opened by a Scottish Judge. In my opinion, that should be a priority, as testimony hidden by the double seal maps out the whole Lockerbie conspiracy. Most significantly, it identifies 11 terrorists involved in the attack. Dr. Fuisz’s testimony could put the whole matter to rest forever.
here’s good reason for my confidence. Much to my surprise, during the Lockerbie talks, Dr. Fuisz’s allegations of CIA opium running in Lebanon received unusual corroboration. One day, as I left the office of Senator Carol Moseley-Braun on my lunch break, an older spook caught up with me in front of the U.S. Supreme Court. From out of nowhere, he stepped in my path and invited me to lunch. With extraordinary candor, he debriefed me as to what motivated the CIA’s actions. I remember it as one battle-hardened old spook sharing the perils of fieldwork with a gung ho young Asset, anxious to get started on great adventures.

It was a morality tale for sure. According to him, the CIA infiltrated opium and heroin trafficking in Lebanon as part of a crisis operation to rescue AP reporter Terry Anderson and 11 other American and British hostages in Beirut, including CNN bureau chief Jeremy Levin and Anglican envoy Terry Waite. The hostage crisis was a legitimate CIA concern. The CIA Station Chief of Beirut, William Buckley, was also kidnapped by Islamic Jihad and brutally tortured to death, his body dumped in the street in front of CIA headquarters. The rescue was protracted and complicated by Lebanon’s Civil War—ultimately, Terry Anderson’s captivity lasted seven years. Many of the hostages suffered beatings, solitary confinement chained to the floor, and mock executions.

The older spook who refused to identify himself swore that the CIA considered it urgently necessary to try every possibility for recovering the hostages. The concept of infiltration into criminal networks cuts to the murky nature of intelligence itself. Drug enforcement frequently rely on the same strategies. Where the CIA went far wrong was in pocketing some of those heroin profits for itself along the way. The dirty little secret is that the CIA continued to take a percentage cut of opium and heroin production out of Lebanon well into the 1990s.

As for the hostage rescue itself, considering the operation took years to accomplish, it’s always been whispered that a corrupted CIA officer enjoying those opium profits might have swallowed reports on the hostages’ locations, or otherwise diverted his team in order to protect his narcotics income.

That appears to have become a serious fear at the time, among other U.S. officers jointly involved in the rescue.

In December 1988, infuriated Defense Intelligence agents issued a formal protest, exposing CIA complicity in Middle East heroin trafficking. When teams from both agencies got summoned back to Washington to attend an internal hearing, they boarded Pan Am 103. A wing of militant Hezbollah led by Ahmed Jibril, his nephew Abu Elias, Abu Talb and Abu Nidal took out both teams in order to protect their lucrative cartel.

Classified Defense Intelligence records show that Jibril and Talb had been toying with a conspiracy to bomb a U.S. airplane during the 1988 Christmas holidays anyway. They planned to bomb a U.S. airliner in revenge for the U.S.S. Vincennes, which shot down an Iranian commercial airliner loaded with Hajiis returning from Mecca in July, 1988. However the Defense Intelligence threat to expose their heroin network put the bombing plan into action. Islamic Jihad’s ability to discover actionable intelligence on the flight schedules would definitely confirm that somebody at CIA was operating as a double agent, keeping Islamic Jihad a step ahead of the rescue efforts.
That’s the dirty truth about Lockerbie. It ain’t nothing like you’ve been told.

Wait a darn moment—I anticipate your confusion. Libya got blamed for the Lockerbie attack. Daddy George Bush told us so! The United Nations imposed sanctions on Libya, demanding that Colonel Moammar Gadhaffi hand over two Libyans for trial. One of the two, Lameen Fhima got acquitted immediately. The other Abdelbasset Megrahi got convicted (on the most flimsy circumstantial evidence that overlooked endless contradictions). Libya paid $2.7 billion in damages—amounting to $10 million per family death— to make the U.N. sanctions go away, and expressed a sort of non-apology for the deaths—while never acknowledging its involvement in the conspiracy.

So Libya was innocent the whole time? In a word, yes…..
But the bottom line is that Libya had nothing to do with the bombing of Pan Am 103, which exploded over the town of Lockerbie, Scotland.

We should care about Lockerbie because of the serious problem that it exposed. Opium trafficking out of the Bekaa Valley provides a major source for global heroin production. In turn, the global pipeline of narco-dollars keep militant operations alive world-wide from the Middle East to Indonesia, Colombia, Burma and the Far East.

That’s something to fear. We don’t have to deploy soldiers to shut it down. With a little creativity, we could attack the bank accounts of these global heroin traffickers and cut off funds for the violence without damaging the local society through warfare. We could strike down two scourges—heroin and terrorism. And the U.S. would not require military action all over the planet to accomplish its goals. Thankfully, there are other ways.

n another ground breaking interview on The Intel Hub, former CIA Asset and 9/11 whistleblower Susan Lindauer discussed her visits to the Libyan Embassy in Washington this week, and revealed that she started talks for the Lockerbie Trial with Libya’s diplomats at the United Nations.

Lindauer dished on Gadhaffi, Libya’s vendetta culture and how tribalism might have inspired Gadhaffi’s recent desperate gamble for survival.

She also explains how the Lockerbie bombing was tied to the CIA’s involvement in heroin trafficking out of the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon during U.S. operations to rescue Terry Anderson and other hostages in Beirut.

Susan explains how infuriated Defense Intelligence agents became determined to expose CIA complicity in Middle East heroin trafficking, and how terrorists took out both teams to protect their lucrative cartel.

The Intel Hub
By Susan Lindauer, former U.S. Asset who covered Libya at the United Nations from 1995 to 2003
March 28th, 2011

Who are we kidding? The United States, Britain and NATO don’t care about bombing civilians to contain rebellion. Their militaries bomb civilians every day without mercy. They have destroyed most of the community infrastructure of Iraq and Afghanistan before turning their sights on Libya. So what’s really going on here?

According to the CIA, the following never happened…

Last October, US oil giants— Chevron and Occidental Petroleum— made a surprising decision to pull out of Libya, while China, Germany and Italy stayed on, signing major contracts with Gadhaffi’s government. As the U.S. Asset who started negotiations for the Lockerbie Trial with Libyan diplomats, I had close ties to Libya’s U.N. Mission from 1995 to 2003.

Given my long involvement in the Lockerbie saga, I have continued to enjoy special access to high level intelligence gossip on Libya.

Last summer that gossip got juicy!

About July, I started hearing that Gadhaffi was exerting heavy pressure on U.S. and British oil companies to cough up special fees and kick backs to cover the costs of Libya’s reimbursement to the families of Pan Am 103. Payment of damages for the Lockerbie bombing had been one of the chief conditions for ending U.N. sanctions on Libya that ran from 1992 until 2003. And of course the United Nations forced Gadhaffi to hand over two Libyan men for a special trial at The Hague, though everybody credible was fully conscious of Libya’s innocence in the Lockerbie affair. (Only ignorant politicians trying to score publicity points say otherwise.)

Knowing Gadhaffi as well as I do, I was convinced that he’d done it. He’d bided his time until he could extort compensation from U.S. oil companies. He’s a crafty bastard, extremely intelligent and canny. That’s exactly how he operates. And now he was taking his revenge. As expected, the U.S. was hopping mad about it. Gadhaffi wasn’t playing the game the way the Oil Bloodsuckers wanted.

The Vampire of our age—the Oil Industry—roams the earth, sucking the life out of every nation to feed its thirst for profits. Only when they got to Libya, Gadhaffi took on the role of a modern-day Robin Hood, who insisted on replenishing his people for the costs they’d suffered under U.N. sanctions.

Backing up a year earlier, in August 2009 the lone Libyan convicted of the Lockerbie bombing that killed 270 people, Abdelbasset Megrahi, won a compassionate release from Scottish prison. Ostensibly, the British government and Scottish Courts granted Megrahi’s request to die at home with dignity from advance stage cancer—in exchange for dropping a legal appeal packed with embarrassments for the European Courts.

The decision to free Megrahi followed shocking revelations of corruption at the special Court of The Hague that handled the Lockerbie Trial. Prosecution witnesses confessed to receiving payments of $4 million each from the United States, in exchange for testimony against Megrahi, a mind-blowing allegation of judicial corruption.

The Lockerbie conviction was full of holes to begin with. Anybody who knows anything about terrorism in the 1980s knows the CIA got mixed up in heroin trafficking out of the Bekaa Valley during the hostage crisis in Lebanon. The Lockerbie conspiracy had been a false flag operation to kill off a joint CIA and Defense Intelligence investigation into kick backs from Islamic Jihad, in exchange for protecting the heroin transit network.

According to my own CIA handler, Dr. Richard Fuisz, who’d been stationed in Lebanon and Syria at the time, the CIA had established a protected drug route from Lebanon to Europe and on to the United States. His statements support other sources that “Operation Corea” allowed Syrian drug dealers led by Monzer al-Kassar (also linked to Oliver North in the Iran-Contra scandal) to ship heroin to the U.S. ON Pan Am flights, in exchange for intelligence on the hostages’ whereabouts in Lebanon.

The CIA allegedly made sure that suitcases carrying heroin were not searched at customs. Nicknamed the “Godfather of Terror,” Al Kassar is now serving a prison sentence for conspiring with Colombian drug cartels to assassinate U.S. nationals.
Building up to Lockerbie, the Defense Intelligence team in Beirut, led by Maj. Charles Dennis McKee and Matthew Gannon, suspected that CIA infiltration of the heroin network might be prolonging the hostage crisis. If so, the consequence was severe. AP Reporter Terry Anderson got chained in a basement for 7 years, while 96 other high profile western hostages suffered beatings, mock executions and overall trauma. McKee’s team raised the alarms in Washington that a CIA double agent profiting from the narco-dollars might be warning the hostage takers whenever their dragnet closed in.

Washington sent a fact-finding team to Lebanon to gather evidence.

On the day it was blown out of the sky, Pan Am 103 was carrying that team of CIA and FBI investigators, the CIA’s Deputy Chief assigned to Beirut, and three Defense Intelligence officers, including McKee and Gannon, on their way to Washington to deliver a report on the CIA’s role in heroin trafficking, and the impact on terrorist financing and the hostage crisis. In short, everyone with direct knowledge of CIA kickbacks from heroin trafficking died on Pan Am 103. A suitcase packed with $500,000 worth of heroin was found in the wreckage. It belonged to investigators, as proof of the corruption.

The punch line was that the U.S. State Department issued an internal travel advisory, warning that government officials should get off that specific flight on that specific day, because Pan Am 103 was expected to get bombed. That’s right, folks! The U.S. had prior knowledge of the attack.

Unforgivably, nobody told Charles McKee or Matthew Gannon. But other military officials and diplomats got pulled off the flight—making room for a group of students from Syracuse University traveling stand by for the Christmas holidays.

It was a monstrous act! But condemning Megrahi to cover up the CIA’s role in heroin trafficking has struck many Lockerbie afficiandos as grossly unjust. Add the corruption of purchased testimony– $4 million a pop— and Megrahi’s life sentence struck a nerve of obscenity.

It struck Gadhaffi as grievously offensive, as well—The United Nations had forced Libya to fork over $2.7 billion in damages to the Lockerbie families, a rate of $10 million for every death. Once it became clear the U.S. paid two key witnesses $4 million each to commit perjury, spook gossip throughout the summer was rife that Gadhaffi had taken bold action to demand compensation from U.S. (and probably British) oil corporations operating in Libya. More than likely, Libya’s demands for kick backs and compensation extended to other European oil conglomerates as well—particularly France and Italy—who are now spearheading attacks on Libya.

I knew last summer there would be trouble. Payback would be a b—tch on both sides. You don’t lock an innocent man in prison for 10 years on bogus charges of terrorism, and expect forgiveness. The United States and Britain had behaved with remarkable selfishness. You’ve got to admit that Gadhaffi’s attempt to balance the scales of justice demonstrated a flair of righteous nationalism.

Alas, Gadhaffi was playing with fire, no matter how justified his complaint. You don’t strike a tyrant without expecting a tyrant to strike back.

And that’s exactly what’s happening today.

Don’t kid yourself. This is an oil war, and it smacks of imperialist double standards. Two articles by Prof. Chossudovsky at the Global Research Centre are must reading: “Operation Libya and the Battle for Oil: Redrawing the Map of Africa” and “Insurrection and Military Intervention: The US-NATO Attempted Coup d’Etat in Libya?”

There is simply no justification for U.S. or NATO action against Libya. The U.N. charter acknowledges the rights of sovereign nations to put down rebellions against their own governments. Moreover, many observers have commented that plans for military intervention appear to have been much more advanced than U.S. and European leaders want to admit.

For myself, I know in my gut that war planning started months before the democratization movement kicked off throughout the Arab world—a lucky cover for U.S. and European oil policy. Perhaps too lucky.

As Chossudovsky writes, “Hundreds of US, British and French military advisers arrived in Cyrenaica, Libya’s eastern breakaway province” on February 23 and 24— seven (7) days after the start of Gadhaffi’s domestic rebellion. “The advisers, including intelligence officers, were dropped from warships and missile boats at the coastal towns of Benghazi and Tobruk.” (DEBKAfile, US military advisers in Cyrenaica, Feb. 25, 2011) Special forces on the ground in Eastern Libya provided covert support to the rebels.” Eight British Special Forces commandos were arrested in the Benghazi region, while acting as military advisers to opposition forces, according to the Times of London.

We’re supposed to believe the United States, Britain and Europe planned, coordinated and executed a full military intervention in 7 short days— from the start of the Libyan rebellion in mid-February until military advisers appeared on the ground in Libya on February 23-24!

That’s strategically impossible.

Nothing can persuade me that Gadhaffi’s fate wasn’t decided months ago, when Chevron and Occidental Petroleum took their whining to Capitol Hill, complaining that Gadhaffi’s nationalism interfered with their oil profiteering. From that moment, military intervention was on the drawing board as surely as the Patriot Act got stuck in a drawer waiting for 9/11.

The message is simple: Challenge the oil corporations and your government and your people will pay the ultimate price: Give us your oil as cheaply as possible. Or die.

Don’t kid yourself. Nobody gives a damn about suffering in Libya or Iraq. You don’t bomb a village to save it. The U.S., Britain and NATO are the bullies of the neighborhood. The enforcers for Big Oil.

Libya, Iraq, Afghanistan have something in common. They have vast and extraordinary oil and mineral riches. As such, they are all victims of what I call the Vampire Wars. The Arab Princes get paid off, while the bloodsuckers pull the life blood out of the people. They’re scarcely able to survive in their own wealthy societies. The people and the domestic economy are kept alive to uphold the social order, but they are depleted of the nourishment of their own national wealth.

The democratization movements are sending a warning that I don’t think Big Oil, or their protectors in the U.S. and British governments understand or have figured out how to control. The Arab people are finished with this cycle of victimization. They’ve got their stakes out, and they’re starting to figure out how to strike into the heart of these Vampires, sucking the life blood out of their nations.

And woe to the wicked when they do! (END OF SUSAN LINDAUER’S TESTIMONY)

Statements Gaaaaah in importance to the process of the U.S. Central Intelligence the CIA “Susan Lindor” – news among international intelligence for receiving two witnesses in the Lockerbie trial, $ 4 million each – I named Tony Gucci Tony Gauci and the second brother, for false testimony against Megrahi to install condemn Libya – senior officials of neutral states in United Nations Chkko in the safety of the trial, which was a condemnation of Libya Lockerbie incident that ”

 

Plastered with “especially that there is intelligence information indicating the involvement of U.S. intelligence commit and do the U.S. State Department to issue a warning internal to government employees to avoid a trip that plane ominous before detonation. – when we hear allegations of the use of the Gaddafi civilians as human shields we give to ourselves in front of supervisor normal in the world justify the killing of dozens of civilians by “mistake.” – who was watching the escalation of U.S. statements since the start of the campaign against Libya Gaddafi sees it programmed in the footsteps of a quiet but somewhat slow so as not to suggest a deliberate intention to take control of Libyan oil. – down air strikes and allow Ljeic Libyan progress of cities out of control was blackmail rebel Libyans to make concessions and meet the demands of American and Western because negotiate Americans with Almstagir easier than Tfawdahm with leaders of sovereign states and stable – warned the International Energy Agency that oil demand in the coming years will rise by 36%, and comply with the agency to impose the Americans controlled the estimates so as not to raise oil markets. During that Gaddafi was acting on his or her liberty contracts oil has been negotiating from a position of strength and to impose conditions. has not lived up that of the United States. The U.S. motives to stand against Gaddafi is revenge because forced U.S. oil companies, British and even French and Italian, which participated in the fly, to contribute its share of the Libyan oil production to compensate for Libya for losses paid to meet the Lockerbie bombing which nearly $ 2.7 billion a rate of $ 10 million for people with each victim as well as the ban costly against Libya lasted from 1992 until 2003.

 

Libyan Abdel Baset al-Megrahi, whowas framed by the CIA asguilty of the 1988 Lockerbie bombing, top left, is accompanied by Seif al-Islam el-Gadhafi,
son of the Libyan leader, upon his arrival at the airport in Tripoli on Aug. 20, 2009. “Megrahi promised in an interview with Britain’s Times newspaper published on
Saturday that he would present new evidence before he died exonerating him of the bombing.”


We read from Susan Lindauer:
http://www.mathaba.net/news/?x=627016

Libya never sponsored any terrorism in the West, or in any part of the world.
BUT, the return to Libya in 2009 of the falsely convicted Lockerbie bomber Abdel Baset al-Megrahi, released from a Scottish jail on health grounds, angered Washington, because it might reveal another
of the U.S.’s great cover-ups and False-flag CIA Drug-running Operations.
_______________________________________________________________
Libya by the Numbers: War for the
Profit of the Usual Suspects
by Russ Baker
18 June 2011
http://www.mathaba.net/news/?x=627168
let’s now examine the relationship between the Western governments and Qaddafi. Was it, as presented in the media, merely a case of doing the right thing against a brutal tyrant? One also accused of being behind the murder of those airline passengers?
**
This is not the place to recount the entire back history between Qaddafi and the alliance. Suffice to say that Qaddafi is one of a long string of foreign leaders who insisted on an independent course, including requisite regional bigfooting, and got in trouble. Specifically, we could look at some skirmishes with the US Navy during the Reagan-Bush administration, but there’s a long list of grievances. This, as in the case of Hugo Chavez of Venezuela, is compounded by the fact that he sits on massive oil reserves.
As animosity grew, Libya started being labeled a terrorist force, possibly with some truth, and then connected to a series of major outrages with which it may or may not have had anything to do.
One was the death of several US soldiers in a Berlin nightclub in 1986, and another the alleged sponsorship of a hijacking that same year. But the thing that turned much of the world against Qaddafi was the alleged role of Libya in blowing Pan Am 103 apart.
Most of us probably remember, vaguely, that Libya’s role in that is an established fact. If so, we’re off base. Let’s start with this 2001 BBC report, following the conviction of Megrahi, a Libyan intelligence officer:
Robert Black, the Scottish law professor who devised the format of the Netherlands-based trial, was quoted on Sunday as saying he was “absolutely astounded” that Al Megrahi had been found guilty.
Mr Black said he believed the prosecution had “a very, very weak circumstantial case” and he was reluctant to believe that Scottish judges would “convict anyone, even a Libyan” on such evidence.
The view, published in British newspapers, echoes that of some of the families of UK victims of the Lockerbie bombing, who are calling for a public inquiry to find “the truth of who was responsible and what the motive was”.
Protests
Wednesday’s verdict sparked angry protests in Libya on Saturday, as Washington and London demanded the Libyan Government accept responsibility for the atrocity and pay compensation to the victims’ families.
The protesters condemned what they called a “CIA-dictated” verdict and demanded compensation for the victims of the 1986 US air raids on Tripoli and Benghazi.
For more on doubts about Libya’s role in the bombing, see the excellent summary of powerful evidence that the Libyans may have been framed, evidence not presented at trial, on Wikipedia. (While Wikipedia should not be considered a definitive source, it is often a good roundup of what may be found elsewhere and thus a starting point for further inquiry.) The troubling elements, which constitute a very long list, include an alleged offer from the FBI of $4 million for certain incriminating testimony, the subsequent admission by a key witness that he had lied, details of strange goings-on in the FBI’s crime lab, and indications that the bomb may have been introduced at an airport where the defendant was not present.
Nevertheless, Megrahi’s conviction, and the media’s dutiful reporting of it as justice done, meant that Libya, and Qaddafi, would continue under sanctions that had already isolated the country for a decade from the international community.
Qaddafi had sought to undo the cordon, including handing Megrahi over for trial in 1999. But that had not done the trick, and the January 31, 2001 conviction, coming 11 days after the inauguration of George W. Bush, threatened to make things worse—much worse. Qaddafi particularly had to worry about how it might impact his own survival.
By May 2002, with US troops in Afghanistan having ousted the Taliban and four months after Bush listed Iraq, Iran, North Korea and Syria as part of an “axis of evil” seeking “weapons of mass destruction”, Libya was feeling the heat. That month, it offered staggered payments to the Lockerbie victims’ families, as part of a trade for the cancellation of UN and US trade sanctions, and removal of Libya from the State Department’s list of states sponsoring terrorism. By August, 2003, several months after the invasion of Iraq and removal of Saddam Hussein, Qaddafi cut a deal, as reported in the New York Times:
Libya and lawyers for families of the victims of the 1988 midair bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, signed an agreement today to create an account for $2.7 billion in expected compensation, a lawyer said.
”Libya and the lawyers representing families of the victims have signed an agreement to create the escrow account at the Bank for International Settlements,” said the lawyer, Saad Djebbar, an Algerian living in London who has followed the case since 1992.
As a result, he said United Nations sanctions might be lifted.
With the agreement, Libya is expected to deposit the money in the account and to send the United Nations Security Council a letter accepting responsibility for the bombing, in which 270 people died.
In Washington, family members said today that the State Department had invited the victims’ families to a briefing on Friday.
It was a package deal, with many tentative aspects. Libya told the UN it “accepted responsibility” in the bombing—though, notably, it did not admit guilt. [Mathaba Editor: not true. Libya “accepted responsibility for the actions of its officials” and allowed the Anglo-American media to twist that into what even this researcher has falsely ascribed]. Indeed, as late as 2008, Qaddafi’s son Saif told a BBC documentary crew that the only reason Libya “admitted responsibility” [Mathaba: for the actions of its officials] was to get the sanctions removed. The documentary noted that several victims’ families had declined compensation because they felt Libya had not actually been behind the bombing.
The 2003 deal was enough, however, to begin welcoming Libya back into the family of nations. The Bush administration moved quickly to begin trade with Libya. By December, 2003, Libya had agreed to give up whatever WMD programs it purportedly had in return for the US lifting sanctions.
This heartened not only Libya, but also major Western companies, which had been champing at the bit for years to get a piece of Libya’s assets, including its vast oil reserves and the income they generated.
The inexorable trade machine kept grinding along. Within a few weeks, Bush signed an executive order restoring Libyan immunity from terror lawsuits and ended pending US compensation cases.
In 2007, strongly encouraged by the UK oil company BP, Britain began pushing for a transfer of Megrahi back to prison in Libya, resulting in a series of events that concluded with his 2009 release from incarceration—on purported medical grounds. (New information on BP’s role has come out recently, with Hillary Clinton and key US senators expressing outrage and declaring their intent to investigate–see here. No mention by the Dems of the doubts about his guilt, just indignation that a “murderer” had been freed.)
In 2009, the same year Megrahi was released, Qaddafi, faced with stiff ongoing Lockerbie payments, began pressing oil companies to pay more to help cover his debt.
We learned of the pressure on the oil companies during the recent propaganda effort to build support for military action against Qaddafi. In a New York Times article headlined “Shady Dealings Helped Qaddafi Build Fortune and Regime”—the crux of which was Qaddafi’s shadiness (though not necessarily that of the oil companies)—was this gem of an item. It was easily missed and as easily misconstrued:
In 2009, top aides to Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi called together 15 executives from global energy companies operating in Libya’s oil fields and issued an extraordinary demand: Shell out the money for his country’s $1.5 billion bill for its role in the downing of Pan Am Flight 103 and other terrorist attacks.
If the companies did not comply, the Libyan officials warned, there would be “serious consequences” for their oil leases, according to a State Department summary of the meeting.
Now why would Qaddafi be desperate for cash? The article didn’t say. But if I’m connecting dots correctly, I’d say that you have to read another paper, then link the two.
Here’s the Wall Street Journal with an exclusive from May 31 that is hugely important but has thus far been seen in isolation, unconnected to the oil demand above. I recommend reading the lengthy excerpt that follows:
In early 2008, Libya’s sovereign-wealth fund controlled by Col. Moammar Gadhafi gave $1.3 billion to Goldman Sachs Group to sink into a currency bet and other complicated trades. The investments lost 98% of their value, internal Goldman documents show.
…In 2004, the U.S. government had lifted an earlier set of sanctions…That opened the door for dozens of U.S. and European banks, hedge funds and other investment firms to pile into the North African nation.
The Libyan Investment Authority set up shop on the 22nd floor of what was then Tripoli’s tallest building and launched in June 2007 with about $40 billion in assets. Libya approached 25 financial institutions, offering each of them a chance to manage at least $150 million, recalls a person familiar with the fund’s plans.
Soon it was spreading chunks of the money to firms around the world. In addition to Goldman, those institutions included Société Générale SA, HSBC Holdings PLC, Carlyle Group, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., Och-Ziff Capital Management Group and Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., according to internal fund records reviewed by the Journal.
… “The country made a conscious decision to join the major leagues,” says Edwin Truman, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and former assistant Treasury secretary. Until then, the investment fund’s money was held in Libya’s central bank, earning ho-hum returns on high-quality bonds.
Goldman seized the opportunity. In May 2007, several Goldman partners met with the Libyans at Goldman’s London office. Mustafa Zarti, then the fund’s deputy chairman, and Hatem el-Gheriani, its chief investment officer, invited the Goldman partners to see the fund’s Libyan headquarters for themselves. Mr. Zarti was a close associate of one of Col. Gadhafi’s sons, Saif al-Islam Gadhafi, and reported to a longtime friend of the Libyan ruler.
…Goldman soon carved out a new business with the Libyans, in options—investments that give buyers the right to purchase stocks, currencies or other assets on a future date at stipulated prices. Between January and June 2008, the Libyan fund paid $1.3 billion for options on a basket of currencies and on six stocks: Citigroup Inc., Italian bank UniCredit SpA, Spanish bank Banco Santander, German insurance giant Allianz, French energy company Électricité de France and Italian energy company Eni SpA. The fund stood to reap gains if prices of the underlying stocks or currencies rose above the stipulated levels.
But that fall, the credit crisis hit with a vengeance as Lehman Brothers failed and banks all over the world faced financial crises. The $1.3 billion of option investments were hit especially hard. The underlying securities plunged in value and all of the trades lost money, according to an internal Goldman memo reviewed by the Journal. The memo said the investments were worth just $25.1 million as of February 2010—a decline of 98%.
Officials at the sovereign-wealth fund accused Goldman of misrepresenting the investment deals and making trades without proper authorization, according to people familiar with the situation. In July 2008, Mr. Zarti, the fund’s deputy chairman, summoned Mr. Kabbaj, Goldman’s North Africa chief, to a meeting with the fund’s legal and compliance staff, according to Libyan Investment Authority emails reviewed by the Journal.
One person who attended the meeting says Mr. Zarti was “like a raging bull,” cursing and threatening Mr. Kabbaj and another Goldman employee.Goldman arranged for security to protect the employees until they left Libya the next day, according to people familiar with the matter.
…Following the showdown in Tripoli, the fund demanded restitution and issued vague threats of legal action.
The Journal goes on to describe Goldman’s response—which “audacious” doesn’t begin to describe. Goldman offered to make it all up to Libya by selling it a huge stake…in Goldman itself. That Journal piece is well worth reading, as is this essay from Rolling Stone, but a bit off our topic beyond the notion that Western companies loved rubbing this rube’s nose in it.
The point, at least to me, is that Libya had taken the advice of an American firm and invested, and lost, a huge amount of the funds that are supposed to generate profits used in governing Libya. Including providing the kinds of services that kept Libyans loyal to Qaddafi in the first place.
Is it any surprise that just as this banking disaster unfolded, Qaddafi in 2009 turned desperately to the Western oil companies, which were doing well by Libya, and wanted them to pay more royalties to fund the Lockerbie settlements? Settlements he perhaps should not have had to pay in the first place?
***
By December 2010, when a Tunisian man set himself on fire, the Arab Spring revolt was under way—in Egypt, Bahrain, and elsewhere. Pretty quickly, it was clear to everyone that the Western powers were in danger of losing crucial oil suppliers—and vital military bases.
It certainly was convenient that, right about that time, Libya showed signs of moving in the opposite direction—into the US camp. Read our piece here about the CIA ties to the Libyan uprising.
Then consider the timing of February’s ramped-up claim by the defecting Libyan official, that Qaddafi himself had ordered the Lockerbie bombing.
If that wasn’t enough in the propaganda department to get the global public worked up, next came the Libya rape story. The average person doesn’t have the time or appetite to follow the kinds of complex corporate maneuverings that fascinate us here, but they do understandably get upset about bombs on civilian aircraft and rape.
We wrote about that rape story back here. Our point, which still stands, is that it is highly unusual for rape victims and their families to come forward publicly. It is almost unheard of in Arab countries, where the consequences can be severe. (Update: the woman and her family are being relocated in the West¸ and she’s said she’d like to come to America.)
We noted the timing of the story, the alacrity with which the Western press grabbed it and spread it, and the simple fact that there’s no evidence tying Qaddafi in any way to any such act. Even the woman herself doesn’t claim that. Yet it infuriated untold millions and postings all over the Web show that it moved a lot of public opinion into the column supporting military action to remove the Libyan leader.
That the corporate media cannot see what is going on here, or refuses to see, tells us how far we have not come since the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
Still, we can hear the other shoe dropping if we listen carefully enough. For example, the website Politico ran a little item the other day on a powwow between Hillary Clinton and corporate executives over business opportunities in Iraq.
FIRST LOOK: WALL STREET IN IRAQ? – Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Deputy Secretary Tom Nides (formerly chief administrative officer at Morgan Stanley) will host a group of corporate executives at State this morning as part of the Iraq Business Roundtable. Corporate executives from approximately 30 major U.S. companies – including financial firms Citigroup, JPMorganChase and Goldman Sachs – will join U.S. and Iraqi officials to discuss economic opportunities in the new Iraq. Full list of corporate participants: http://politi.co/kOpyKA
Give it a couple of years, and they’ll be having the same party celebrating a more sympathetic regime in Libya.
# THE FAKE ARAB SPRING: Connect the dots, and you will see that the evidence points to a plan to create an “Arab Spring” for the Good Old Boys—CIA, banks, oil companies. Read and see if you don’t agree.

More pieces are falling into place. Those pieces have names of your favorite players: oil companies, banks like Goldman Sachs, and they paint a picture of endless corporate intrigue. The sort that never seems to come out in the corporate media.

 

http://www.mathaba.net/news/libya

US media misconception on Libyan Lockerbie compensation trial Posted: 2012/09/11 From: Mathaba

A commentary on the case of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, convicted of the murder of 270 people in the Pan Am 103 disaster. The Lockerbie Case by Professor Robert Black, QC Some of the media in the United States are reporting that the trial of Abdel Ati al-Obeidi and Mohammed Belkasem al-Zwai which recently opened and was adjourned in Tripoli involved an accusation of their “squandering $2.7 billion in public money meant to compensate families of those killed in the Lockerbie bombing.”  Examples, which seem to be based on a report from The Associated Press news agency, can be found here and here and here. This is, of course, wrong.  The accusation is not that the officials diverted or embezzled money intended for Lockerbie relatives, but that they were involved in negotiating the payment  that was made to the relatives. The Globe and Mail, a Toronto-based newspaper, bases its coverage on the Reuters news agency report and gets it right. — Mathaba News Agency coverage of this news is here. Robert Black QC FRSE became Professor of Scots Law in the University of Edinburgh in January 1981, having previously been in practice at the Scottish Bar. He is now Professor Emeritus. He has been an Advocate since 1972 and a QC since 1987. From 1981 to 1994 he served as a temporary sheriff (judge). He has taken a close interest in the Lockerbie affair since 1993, not least because he was born and brought up in the town, and has published a substantial number of articles on the topic in the United Kingdom and overseas. He is often referred to as the architect of the Lockerbie trial at Camp Zeist in the Netherlands. #

OPEN LETTER TO ALL GOOD AND PEACE-FARING PEOPLES

Have you ever read Gadhafi’s GREEN BOOK or VISION.??? Until you have, I would say, all you know about Moammar Gadhafi is HEARSAY!

How Gaddafi Helped Bring An End to the Humiliation of Apartheid

 

Former African National Congress leader and first president of a non-racial, democratic South Africa, Nelson Mandela, with Libyan Leader of the Revolution Muammar Gaddafi. Libya is longtime supporter of Southern Africa., a photo by Pan-African News Wire File Photos on Flickr.

Quote from Jean-Paul Pougala, a Cameroonian writer. Translated from the French by Sputnik Kilambi. Courtesy of Pambazuka News. Edited by Henry Gombya. Courtesy of Pambazuka News

Lest we forget: When former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher refused to allow sanctions against then apartheid South Africa and used to call Nelson Mandela a terrorist, Moammar Gaddafi was embracing him and funding his fight against apartheid by training ANC fighters, arming them and paying for their education abroad. No wonder this photo shows how President Mandela appreciated what Col Gaddafi had done for South Africa.
For most Africans, Gaddafi is a generous man, a humanist, known for his unselfish support for the struggle against the racist regime in South Africa. If he had been an egotist, he wouldn’t have risked the wrath of the West to help the ANC both militarily and financially in the fight against apartheid. This was why Mandela, soon after his release from 27 years in jail, decided to break the UN embargo and travel to Libya on 23 October 1997. For five long years, no plane could touch down in Libya because of the embargo. One needed to take a plane to the Tunisian city of Jerba and continue by road for five hours to reach Ben Gardane, cross the border and continue on a desert road for three hours before reaching Tripoli. The other solution was to go through Malta, and take a night ferry on ill-maintained boats to the Libyan coast. A hellish journey for a whole people, simply to punish one man.Mandela didn’t mince his words when the former US president Bill Clinton said the visit was an ‘unwelcome’ one – ‘No country can claim to be the policeman of the world and no state can dictate to another what it should do’. He added – ‘Those that yesterday were friends of our enemies have the gall today to tell me not to visit my brother Gaddafi, they are advising us to be ungrateful and forget our friends of the past.’Indeed, the West still considered the South African racists to be their brothers who needed to be protected. That’s why the members of the ANC, including Nelson Mandela, were considered to be dangerous terrorists. It was only on 2 July 2008, that the US Congress finally voted a law to remove the name of Nelson Mandela and his ANC comrades from their black list, not because they realised how stupid that list was but because they wanted to mark Mandela’s 90th birthday. If the West was truly sorry for its past support for Mandela’s enemies and really sincere when they name streets and places after him, how can they continue to wage war against someone who helped Mandela and his people to be victorious, Gaddafi?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Gaddafi and Mandela: Brother Leaders Posted: 2011/07/18 From: Mathaba http://networkedblogs.com/kyxxp      showInitialOdiogoReadNowFrame (_odiogo_feed_id, ‘627606’, 290, 0);

African Freedom Fighters: Nelson Mandela of South Africa and Colonel Muammar Qaddafi of Libya by Quoriana  Today, July 18, 2011, is Nelson Mandela’s 93th birthday; Happy Birthday Mr Mandela! When the West refused to allow sanctions against Apartheid in South Africa and used to call Nelson Mandela a terrorist, Gaddafi was embracing him and funding his fight against Apartheid by training ANC fighters, arming them and paying for their education abroad. Nelson Mandela always has been very reserved to call anyone “friend”, but repeatedly stated Gaddafi is his close friend: Tripoli, May 18, 1990 (mathaba) ~ Nelson Mandela: “No country can claim to be the policeman of the world and no state can dictate to another what it should do. Those that yesterday were friends of our enemies have the gall today to tell me not to visit my brother Gaddafi. They are advising us to be ungrateful and forget our friends of the past.” * October 23, 1997 ~ Victory over destruction; Gaddafi and Mandela in front of Gaddafi’s house which was attacked by the US in April 1986. * June 13, 1999 ~ Gaddafi shakes hands with Mandela on his first foreign trip since sanctions against Libya were suspended. Mandela: “We look forward with joy and anticipation to the full re413-entry of Libya into the affairs of our continent and the world.” * Never walked alone: “Gaddafi helped us at a time when those who say we should not come to Libya were helping the enemy.” ~ Nelson Mandela * “There’s the West ~ don’t trust them!” * “Appearances matter – and remember to smile.” ~ Nelson Mandela. * “I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can only rest for a moment, for with freedom comes responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not ended.” ~ Nelson Mandela. * “As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.” ~ Nelson Mandela. * PEACE! # http://www.mathaba.net/news/libya

 

he [Qaddafi] wishes to follow the example of the Prophet who fought with such determination against oppression and inequality in society that Bilal, the Black slave, became equal with his master Umayyah. He sees his own mission and the task of the Libyan revolution as having the same motivations and goal for modern Muslim society.

 

Coalition of Crusaders Join with al Qaeda

to Oust Qaddafi and Roll Back Libyan Revolution

By Gerald A. Perreira

A coalition of Crusaders, as Qaddafi described them, including the US, Britain, France, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Spain and Canada, have begun an all out military assault against Libya. Using what Libya claims is an invalid and illegal UN resolution as a pretext, the coalition is pounding the Libyan defense forces with a military might that has not been seen since the Gulf war.

The real and illegal goal of what has been called Operation “Odyssey Dawn” is “regime change.” A replay of the nightmarish Gulf war scenario, the plan is clear: to disable Libya’s defense ability, and to arm and strengthen the reactionary conglomerate of rebel forces in Benghazi, in the hope that this rag tag bunch will roll back, once and for all, the Libyan revolution.

This is not the first imperialist attempt to lynch Qaddafi and bring Libya to its knees. In 1986, the US falsely accused Libya of the bombing of a discotheque in Berlin and Reagan attempted to assassinate Qaddafi, by bombing the Bab al-Azizia compound in Tripoli where he was housed, killing Qaddafi’s daughter and over one hundred Libyans. Next, Libya was falsely accused of the 1988 Lockerbie bombing as an excuse for initiating sanctions, in order to economically cripple the revolution.

Not the first time Britain and al Qaeda have collaborated on Libya

In 1996, British intelligence employed the services of an al Qaeda cell inside Libya, paying them a huge fee to assassinate Muammar Qaddafi. A grenade was lobbed at Qaddafi as he walked among a crowd in his hometown, Sirte. He was saved by one of his bodyguards, who threw herself on the grenade.

Former MI5 operative David Shayler revealed that while he was working on the Libya desk in the mid 90s, British secret service personnel were collaborating with the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, which is connected to one of Osama bin Laden’s trusted lieutenants. Muammar Qaddafi and the Libyan revolutionary forces were the first to issue an arrest warrant for Osama bin Laden. They have spent years trying to warn the world about the very serious threat posed by these Islamic deviants. According to Shayler, western intelligence turned a deaf ear to Libya’s warnings because they were actually working with the al Qaeda group inside Libya, to bring down Qaddafi and the Libyan revolution.

Anas al Libi was a member of the Libyan al-Qaeda cell. He remains on the US government’s most wanted list, with a reward of $25 million for his capture, and is wanted for his involvement in the African embassy bombings. al Libi was with bin Laden in Sudan before the al Qaeda leader returned to Afghanistan in 1996.

Surprisingly, or not so surprisingly, despite being a high-level al Qaeda operative, al Libi was given political asylum in Britain and lived in Manchester until May of 2000.

Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)

The claims by Qaddafi and the Libyan revolutionary forces that the rebels in Benghazi are inspired by al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and the serious threat this poses, not only to Libya but to the entire region, are once again falling on deaf ears, just as David Shayler said they did back in the mid 90s. Why? Because once again, British intelligence forces, among others, are clearly in collaboration with the rebels in Benghazi—those referred to all over Libya as the “bearded ones,” who have close ties to al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb.

The evidence for this is overwhelming. As revealed by Shayler, the British have a long standing relationship with the al Qaeda affiliated Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, based inside Libya. The British also have an historical relationship with the Wahhabi/Salafi brand of Islam, espoused today by Ikhwan al Muslimeen (Mulsim Brotherhood) and their offshoots, including al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb.

A Battle with a Long History

In 1744, an alliance was formed between the founder of Wahhabism, Muhammad ibn Abdal-Wahhab and the ruthless tribal leader, Muhammad ibn Saud, whose descendants rule Saudi Arabia up to today. This reactionary brand of Islam was the perfect theological foundation for the colonial creation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Wahhabism remains the official Islamic tendency in Saudi Arabia up till today. In 1915, the British entered into a treaty with the murderous House of Saud, protecting their lands and supplying them with weaponry, as part of the colonial project to establish the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. At the same time, the British did everything they could to help the Wahhabist doctrine to flourish, recognizing it as the perfect ideological tool to further their imperialist objectives. Some scholars have argued that the British actually helped to create Wahhabism.

Imagine, today, the British are calling on the descendants of Muhammad ibn Saud, the current Saudi regime, and their present day army of Wahhabis in the form of al Qaeda, to join in a medieval crusade to crush a bastion of revolutionary Islam, which is present day Libya. And the contradictions verify this. We have to wonder why a Saudi government official can say on BBC that “to allow the people to choose their own government is a very bad thing,” and why, with all the Western outcry about women’s rights in the Muslim world, the Saudi regime, which does not even allow women to vote or drive motorcars, is never questioned. Instead they are the ones that the Americans, British, and French are calling on to join them in the destruction of Libya which has liberated women and struggled to bring real democracy to its people.

As early as the mid 19th century, Wahhabi fundamentalism was imported into Benghazi by the reactionary and feudal Senussi fraternity. The influence of this tendency has been passed on from generation to generation, and Benghazi has been the center for those who have consistently opposed the liberatory Islam articulated by Qaddafi and implemented by the Libyan revolution.

The Muslims of Benghazi, who embrace the same ideology as al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and have done for the last hundred years or more, have been reinvigorated in the last few years by AQIM’s presence on Libya’s borders. There is a renewed interest in the possibility of achieving the stated goal of AQIM, which is the establishment of an Wahhabi Islamic Emirate in the Maghreb, stretching over the entire North African region. When we understand the history of this region, we realize why the imperialists have not gone out of their way to find Osama bin Laden and Ayman al Zawahiri and how and why these reactionary forces and doctrines are actually encouraged by western powers.

To understand Qaddafi’s current claims about al Qaeda in the Maghreb, we have to understand both the history of this current battle and also the present day chapter: how al Qaeda affiliated organizations operate in the region in 2011. There is a deliberate attempt to misguide the uninformed with the suggestion that Qaddafi is throwing up a simplistic image of Osama bin Laden directing the rebellion in Benghazi from a cave somewhere, as a scare tactic. Nothing could be further from the truth.

Qaddafi is well aware of the reactionary aims of Wahhabism and understands only too well their modus operandi in the region. Being affiliated to al Qaeda does not mean that each cell refers to an al Qaeda central command. Rather, al Qaeda is a Wahhabi/Salafi ideological movement and it has reinvigorated Salafi movements and cells worldwide. The term Salafi simply refers to a contemporary strain of Wahhabism. 

If there remains any skepticism regarding Qaddafi’s claims, let us turn to the Washington based think tank, the Council on Foreign Relations, which gives us a description of AQIM’s operations in the region.

On their official website they state:

Terrorist activity in North Africa has been reinvigorated in the last few years by a local Algerian Islamist group turned pan-Maghreb jihadi organization: al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). A Sunni group that previously called itself the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC), the organization has taken responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks in the region, declared its intention to attack Western targets, and sent a squad of jihadis to Iraq. Experts believe these actions suggest widening ambitions within the group’s leadership, now pursuing a more global, sophisticated, and better-financed direction. Long categorized as part of a strictly domestic insurgency against Algeria’s military government, AQIM claims to be the local franchise operation for al Qaeda, a worrying development for a region that has been relatively peaceful since the bloody Algerian civil war of the 1990s drew to a close. European officials are taking AQIM’s international threats seriously and are worried about the growing number of Europe-based cells.

The Struggle Continues

This current battle in Benghazi is not new in Libya. For many years, the revolutionary forces have been struggling to keep this feudal, reactionary brand of Islam in check. 

On February 24th, 2011, at the very outset of the Benghazi rebellion, al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb posted the following statement on the al Qaeda affiliated al Fajr website:

We declare our support for the legitimate demands of the Libyan revolution. We assert to our people in Libya that we are with you and will not let you down, God willing. We will give everything we have to support you, with God’s grace.

A few days after this statement was issued by AQIM, al Libi  resurfaced. The same al Libi exposed by David Shayler as an al Qaeda operative working inside Libya back in the 90s. Now a top al Qaeda commander based in Afghanistan, he urged his countrymen to overthrow Muammar Qaddafi’s regime and establish Islamic rule. Al Libi, a pseudonym that means ‘the Libyan’ in Arabic, said in a video, produced by As-Sahab, the media wing of al Qaeda, that “it would bring shame to the Libyan people if the strongman (Qaddafi) were allowed to die a peaceful death.” 

Al Qaeda and Drugs in the Maghreb

Libya’s revolutionary forces have also made continual references to the fact that there are drug problems in the region and that many of the young people are affected. Once again, this claim was scoffed at by Western media and analysts, who are ill informed about what is actually taking place on the ground.

As recently as November 2010, Moroccan police detained 34 people with ties to al Qaeda in the Islamic Mahgreb, attempting to move 1,300 pounds of cocaine through the country.

Moroccan Interior Minister, Taieb Cherquaoui said “We are dealing with an apparent coordination and collaboration between drug traffickers and terrorists linked to al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb.” He added that the leader of AQIM’s drug ring was detained in Mali, and he stated that the international drug peddling ring involved local Moroccan drug traffickers, who were collaborating with al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, as well as cartels in Latin America. Until recently, Moroccan authorities have been able to keep the actions of al Qaeda inside Morocco at bay. The drug activity, however, has now revealed the extremist organization’s growing network, and the interior minister expressed “the urgent need for the Sahel countries to collaborate to secure their territories and to fight the group’s expansion.”

Tragically, the “coalition of crusaders” has seen fit to pound Qaddafi’s defense installations, thereby preventing Libya from being able to challenge AQIM’s expansion into their sovereign territory.

In a further development on this front, the Wahhabi spiritual leader of Ikhwan al Muslimeen, Egyptian cleric, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, issued a fatwa stating that any Libyan soldier who can shoot dead embattled leader Muammar Qaddafi should do so “to rid Libya of him.”

Qaradawi is a neo-feudalist, who has defended the practice of female genital mutilation, called for the death penalty to be applied to those who leave Islam and advocates separate systems of law for different classes of citizens. Such are the views of those who are opposing Muammar Qaddafi. 

In a letter to Barak al Hussein Obama and in a separate letter to Sarkozy, Cameron and Ban ki-Moon hours before the coalition launched its first military strikes, Qaddafi stated clearly that the destabilization of Libya’s eastern cities was being inspired and assisted by al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and he invited member states of the coalition to come to Libya and confirm this reality for themselves. 

Of course, just as the war in Iraq was not about establishing the truth regarding weapons of mass destruction, this war against Libya was not about discovering the truth of events on the ground or verifying Qaddafi’s claims. When we understand the historical and present day facts, we realize that the crusader coalition is well aware of exactly who they are fighting and who they are supporting. In fact, that is why they were in such a hurry to act—to prevent any international fact finding mission which would verify Qaddafi’s claims for the world to see.

In the letter to Obama, Qaddafi asked him if al Qaeda was occupying American cities what Obama would do so that he (Qaddafi) could follow his lead. All to no avail, because Qaddafi has been demonised to the point of being inhuman and therefore not requiring even the courtesy of a response. Named by US media as the Castro of the Middle East there is only one aim—remove him by any means necessary.

Why?

In contrast to the Wahhabis and the neo-colonial regimes in the region, Qaddafi is a revolutionary leader who has consistently opposed western hegemony in the Arab and African World. Libya’s revolution has, for the past three decades, assisted liberation movements all over the world struggling against neo-colonialism and imperialism.

Libya’s oil resources are of course a factor. We know for sure that control of oil resources is a top priority for the US and Europe. But even more worrying for the imperialists is Qaddafi’s call for a United States of Africa—with one government, one army, and one currency.

Not surprisingly, the actions taken against Qaddafi and Libya are in stark contrast to western inaction with regard to events on the ground in other countries in the region such as Yemen, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia, where protesters are being shot in the streets. In the case of Bahrain, protesters are being brutally suppressed with the assistance of invading Saudi ground forces and in Saudi Arabia itself, the regime has told its people that “anyone who raises a finger against the Saudi monarchy will have their finger cut off!.”

The so-called international community can barely name their long time partner in crime, Saudi Arabia, in their pronouncements, such is their support for this most undemocratic of regimes. In fact, far from condemning the actions of these governments, the Crusading coalition is frantically trying to get some of these same Arab countries to actively join the military operation against Libya so that this whole thing does not look like another US and European led aggression.

Are we going to hear impassioned pleas regarding the aspirations of the people of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia? Are the US, Britain and France going to launch attacks on Yemen and Bahrain to assist the uprisings there to achieve regime change. I don’t think so.

Arab League legitimizes Crusade

The Arab League endorsed this imperialist attack on Libyan soil despite the nightmare of Iraq, where the number of civilian deaths has now reached one and a half million. It is an honor for Qaddafi to have no support among this league of bloated imperialist surrogates. At a recent meeting, he told them, prophetically it now seems, that they should be ashamed of themselves, having sat by and watched the US hang the entire leadership of the Iraqi Arab Ba’ath regime. It should be noted that although there were serious ideological and political differences between Qaddafi and Saddam Hussein, Libya took a principled position regarding hostile external aggression against Iraq. A few days ago, the National Leadership of the Arab Ba’ath Socialist Party issued a statement expressing solidarity with the revolutionary forces of Libya.

The Arab League has been consistently embarrassed by Qaddafi’s outspoken criticism of their double standards and hypocrisy with regard to Palestine, Iraq, and a host of other issues, they are terrified by Qaddafi’s revolutionary Islam, and are contemptuous of Black Africa and Qaddafi’s attempts to bring about African-Arab unity.

Recently, when Qaddafi urged Libyans to intermarry with Africans, following the example of Prophet Muhammad himself, who encouraged intermarriage between races, Libyan and Arab contempt for Black Africans re-surfaced. Extremely few fair skinned Arabs would sanction the marriage of their daughters to a Black African. Rarely do fair skinned Libyans marry Black Libyans. Their disdain for Black people runs deep.

In fact, across other Arab countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and the Gulf States, the horror stories emerging regarding the mistreatment of African domestic servants is reminiscent of the kind of treatment meted out to Black people during the days of chattel slavery. So a project for the development and unification of all of Africa, uniting, on equal terms, the “Arab” north with Black Africa, is not close to the hearts of many fair skinned Arabs. Qaddafi is an exception to the rule.

In his book Islam and the Third Universal Theory: The Religious Thought of Muammar Qaddafi, the respected Muslim scholar, Mahmoud Ayoub, states that: he [Qaddafi] wishes to follow the example of the Prophet who fought with such determination against oppression and inequality in society that Bilal, the Black slave, became equal with his master Umayyah. He sees his own mission and the task of the Libyan revolution as having the same motivations and goal for modern Muslim society. The basic aim of the Green Book is to present in general and contemporary terms the ideals of justice and equality which Qaddafi sees in the Qur’an and the life of the Prophet and his community.

And what of Libya’s African neighbors?

“A Million Man March”

Already an estimated 16,000 African freedom fighters (not mercenaries as the BBC, CNN and Al Jazeera would have us believe) have poured into Libya from the Congo, Guinea, Zimbabwe, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Niger, Chad, Mauritania, Southern Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia and Burkina Faso to fight to the death for the Libyan revolution and Brother Muammar Al Qaddafi.

According to an official in northern Mali, hundreds of young Tuaregs from Mali and Niger are also among the African fighters, “We’re very worried,” said Assalat Ag Abdou Salam, president of the Regional Assembly of Kidal, “These young people are moving in droves to Libya. It’s very dangerous for us because whether Qaddafi wins or falls the impact will be felt in our region.”

We are witnessing a Pan-African unity on the ground that we have never seen before. Who is this man and this revolution that has the moral authority and power to draw an army of Africans from every corner of the continent?

One Tripoli resident answered with the following statement: “Qaddafi is our Che Guevara, and for Libyans and many people around the world, he is a symbol of freedom and democracy.”

He explained that the West does not understand Libya and the age old tribal and religious battles that are being waged, and pointed out, that even if Qaddafi was to leave Libya, these armed gangs and tribes would fight till judgment day. He added that it is Qaddafi who has tried for the last 40 years to overcome these age old conflicts and the backwardness that accompanies them, and build real democracy, through a system of people’s congresses and popular committees.

He finished by saying that “the West does not know this man but that they would surely come to know who he is now.”

The Pan-Africanism we are finally witnessing is not the ivory tower academic brand, which has been viewed as relatively harmless and ineffective by the imperialists, but a grassroots Pan-Africanism—bottom up—which has given birth to the continent’s first Pan-African army, willing to lay down their lives for a revolution and a leader that they love and to whom they owe a great deal.

Many of these fighters and liberation movements have received education, military training and assistance from Libya when they were battling imperialist backed despotic regimes in their own countries, and now they are determined to defend the man and country who stood by them in their darkest hour. This attack on Libya has serious repercussions for the entire African continent.

The Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa) travelled to Libya to meet with Qaddafi face to face and express their support and solidarity. They issued a statement expressing “their support to Qaddafi, who had been crucial to the PAC during the days of apartheid in South Africa.”

“We have a long cooperation with Qaddafi himself and Libya. Our cadres were trained in Libya by Qaddafi and a friend is a friend no matter what,” said the party’s spokesman,

Mzwanele Nyhontso

Qaddafi has been a friend to all oppressed peoples throughout the world. There is hardly a liberation movement that has not been helped in some way by Qaddafi and Libya over the past three decades. He is our friend and brother and let’s hope everyone is clear on who our enemies are.

The Emperor is naked—what’s new?

Of course, imperialist maneuvers and crusades similar to this current one have been on going for centuries. In more recent times, from Vietnam to Iraq, we have seen the same scenario played out based on a litany of lies. So what is different this time around?

Certainly not the lying part—they are still weaving their usual web of lies. The African freedom fighter Kwame Ture, who had close ties with the Libyan revolution, warned us that “the imperialists don’t just lie sometimes, they lie all the time.”

What is different is that things are changing for the imperialists as the world plunges deeper and deeper into chaos, and their ability to influence affairs worldwide is diminishing rapidly. In the midst of rebellions all over the Arab world, what is clear is that fewer and fewer people give a damn what the US and Europe thinks. So they saw fit to take desperate measures in an attempt to regain some political hegemony and limit the demise of their strategic influence in the region.

Even as Mussa Kussa, the Libyan Foreign Minister, announced a cease fire and the Libyan authorities determination to accept the UN resolution and utilize it in a positive way, the French and British were in a frenzy, trying to get international support for military strikes against the Libyan forces. We have witnessed their war mongering before, however, they were quite literally foaming at the bit this time.

Such a frenzy can only be understood against a backdrop of their dwindling ability to dominate. Even in the economic sphere, their power is decreasing, as China, India and Brazil emerge as vital new trading partners in Africa and South America. In the words of Kwame Nkrumah, “Neo-colonialism is not a sign of imperialism’s strength, but rather of its last hideous gasp”.

In 2011, the imperialists have brought the world to the brink of disaster. At an economic summit, at the outset of the current ongoing global capitalist crisis, former president of Brazil, Lula da Silva, publicly told the gathering that “the credit crunch was the fault of white, blue-eyed people.”

As the capitalist crisis worsens, and the world plunges deeper and deeper into chaos, the imperialists will become more and more desperate in their attempts to regain their influence and direct events worldwide as they are used to doing. Events which they are increasingly incapable of comprehending—not only because of the speed at which these events are occurring, but also because of the complexity of the events and the paradigm shifts taking place, that are, quite simply, far outside their western imagination.

Furthermore, they have lost all credibility as the Iraq and Afghanistan debacles continue. The Emperor is naked, and the hypocrisy of the Empire has become so transparent, that even the least informed observers are finally realizing that something is horribly wrong.

A Last Hideous Gasp?

Imperialism is experiencing its “last hideous gasp” and it is imperative for progressive and revolutionary movements worldwide to seize this moment and to oppose this current assault with all of our collective strength. Those who still struggle to see the wood from the trees remain enablers of the continued enslavement of our people. As Pan-Africanists we need to come together as never before to defend this brother and the Libyan Al Fateh revolution.

Sadly, the African Union has become another impotent international body with a neo-colonial mindset, due to the fact that unfortunately, a number of member states are still imperialist facilitators. The Pan-Africanist scholar, Chinweizu, calls these facilitators of imperialism “leaders in Africa,” because, as he points out, they are not “African leaders.”

Despite this, the African Union, under the guidance of progressive members, have managed to take a principled stand on Libya. In a statement issued by the AU Peace and Security Council, headed by Zimbabwe, they unanimously opposed any foreign military intervention and recognised the unity and territorial sovereignty of the North African State of Libya. The statement went on to call for “an urgent African action for the immediate cessation of all hostilities.”

How good and how pleasant it would be, before God and man . . .

Muammar Qaddafi has a vision for Africa—a United States of Africa—with one government, one army, and one currency. Of course, if this were to happen, it would shift the balance of power globally. The well documented fact is that if Africa stopped the flow of all African resources and raw materials to the western nations for just one week—the United States and Europe would grind to a halt—they are that dependent on Africa and are therefore determined to maintain their ability to control events on the continent.

Control over Africa’s affairs has always been a priority for the imperialist project. As Minister Louis Farrakhan pointed out many years ago at a conference in Libya, “Europe and the US cannot go forward into the new century without unfettered access to the vast natural resources of Africa” and he added that “Qaddafi is one who stands in their way.”

If they cannot maintain control, then at least they must try to maintain Africa’s divisions, thereby ensuring it is always in a position of weakness. African unity and true independence is something white supremacy, in all of its manifestations—capitalism, imperialism and neo-colonialism—will oppose with all its might.

When Sarkozy the clown, to quote Saif Qaddafi, made his ridiculous pronouncement recognizing the rag tag conglomerate of reactionaries in Benghazi as the sole legitimate representative of the Libyan people, and Hillarity rushed to meet with the “Libyan opposition,” the sinister imperialist plot began to unfold. Their mission was certainly not to “protect innocent civilians.” They had from the outset, very clearly chosen a side and now, as they bombard the Libyan revolutionary forces we know without any doubt, whose side they are on. Their plot further unraveled, when a Dutch helicopter, carrying Dutch marines on some kind of sabotage/espionage mission was captured right inside Libyan territory. The Dutch government finally acknowledged that its warship, the Tromp, was offshore in the sea off Sirte and the captured helicopter had lifted-off from there.

If the rebellion in Benghazi was, as the media has reported, “a spontaneous rebellion, like others in the region,” then the Dutch were surprisingly well prepared. Actually, it would have been impossible for them to arrive so swiftly at the scene, and so they had to have had prior knowledge of what was taking place. It is now crystal clear that this rebellion in Benghazi was an orchestrated attempt, supported by foreign sources, to use the events taking place across North Africa as a cover for the overthrow of the Libyan revolution.

And then there was William Hague’s brazen landing of the British SAS personnel inside Libyan territory to make contact with the al Qaeda inspired rebels. Of course it is no surprise that the British and al Qaeda are on the same side—as noted above they have been collaborating to destroy Libya for a very long time. Reactionaries inevitably end up dovetailing, and a partnership with the imperialists is after all where al Qaeda had its beginnings: as a US instrument in the war against the Soviets in Afghanistan. George Bush Senior had close ties with the Taliban, and Ronald Reagan poured millions of dollars into assisting the Jihadists in Afghanistan, the forerunners of al Qaeda, which means “the base,” and refers to a data base of Mujahideen from numerous countries, compiled with the help of the CIA.

Many Battlefronts

In addition to the battle between “true religion and false religion” to paraphrase the Muslim revolutionary thinker, Ali Shariati, there is another major battlefront in Libya.

It is the battle between Black Africans and those fair skinned “Arab settlers,” who embrace a “separatist” stance, refusing to acknowledge their African heritage, and who want little to do with the Pan-African project although they are on the African continent. As noted above, these “Arabs” look upon black people with utter contempt and disdain. They definitely do not share Qaddafi’s vision of a united Africa and resent the resources of Libya being used to assist projects towards this end throughout the continent. It has been well documented that the Libyan rebels are committing crimes against humanity. There have been “African hunts” in rebel held territory. Black workers, students and refugees have been detained, raped and executed—some of them were led into the desert and stabbed to death. Even Black Libyans have been targeted, and many of them have been abducted by armed rebels and are being held in secret locations. These are the forces that the imperialists are racing to support. There has been a deafening silence from the so-called international community and western media regarding these well documented “African Hunts” and the massacre of Black Africans by the rebels.

From Washington, France and London, they continue their attempts to demonise Muammar Qaddafi with their lies. But the truth is that he is a revolutionary and a freedom fighter, who has assisted almost every struggle for liberation over the past three decades, and worked tirelessly, day and night, to facilitate African advancement and unification. At the same time, the revolution he has led, has taken Libya from the status of being the poorest country in the world to a country that has attained the highest standard of living in Africa. The “weapons of mass deception” assembled by the Crusaders can never succeed in portraying him as a ruthless dictator—an enemy of humanity? Let us heed the warning of the great revolutionary, Al Hajj Malik Al Shabazz, better known as Malcolm X:

The media’s the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that’s power because they control the minds of the masses.

As I write this article, Qaddafi is addressing the world. He is defiant, preparing Libyans for a long war and assuring the crusaders that they will never get their hands on Libya and its resources. Meanwhile, the coalition of Crusaders and their Arab enablers are starting to show some signs of strain.

I am reminded of Qaddafi’s words in 1986, when Reagan bombed his residence, “They may hit us with long range missiles and aircrafts—this is expected, but they will never stay. This land is too hot for their feet.”

Gerald A. Perreira has lived in Libya for many years. He served in the Green March, an international battalion for the defense of the Libyan revolution and was an executive member of the World Mathaba based in Tripoli. He can be contacted at mojadi94@gmail.com.

This article previously appeared in Global Breaking News

Source: BlackAgendaReport

*   *   *   *   *

Naked Aggression: ‘Libya assault planned months ahead’

Eastern Libyas Tribes Jihadism: Did U.S. Consider Its Own Libya Intel?

John Henrike Clark—Cheika Anta Diop  / Farrakhan Warns, Advises Obama on Libya (March 11, 2011)

Minister Farrakhan on Ghaddafi & Libya—1 / Minister Farrakhan on Ghaddafi & Libya—2

China slams US-led airstrike on Libya  / China regrets military strike against Libya

Putin likens UN Libya resolution to crusade call 

 

In September 2004, U.S. President George W. Bush formally ended a U.S. trade embargo as a result of Gadhafi’s scrapping of his arms program in 2003. In 2004, the international embargo and sanctions that had been imposed on Libya for more than a decade were lifted by the UN Security Council when Muammar Gadaffi announced that Libya would give up its [ficticous] nuclear weapons. Further, out-of compassion, not guilt Gadhafi agreed to compensate the families of the victims of the Lockerbie bombing and the attack on the TWA flight that occurred in the late 1980s (even though it has since been proven that no Libyan was ever involved with [what was really] the unfortunate CIA-drug cartel-running incident). This remarkably loving gesture on behalf of a totally innocent Gadhafi, was viewed as a commitment for Libya to rejoin “the international community”. In the sprit of “reconciliation”, Mike Obrien arranged for Prime Minister Tony Blair to fly into Tripoli, declaring that Libya was now an ally in the fight against “global terrorism”. Under arrangement with Mike Obrien, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, left, flew to Libya in 2004 to hold talks with Gadhafi inside a Bedouin tent. Here, Blair and and Gadhafi stroll to a separate tent in Tripoli for lunch during a break in their talks.

Gadhafi has no official government function and is known as the “Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution.” The system of rule created by Gadhafi — the “Jamahiriya,” or “rule by masses” — is highly decentralized, run by “popular committees” in a complicated hierarchy that effectively means there is no real center of decision-making . In 1977, Gadhafi gave all his “power” over to the “People’s Authority” of Libya. & is no longer the Libyan “head-of-state”. Why must the Gadhafi family leave? His daughter, Dr. Aicha Gadhafi is a brilliant LAWYER.

“My father, alone among the Arab leaders, wanted to give to women, an equivalent status to men.” Colonial Gadhafi asked Libyan women not to marry defeated Arab men. “My father is right. I am disappointed in the Arabs. Were not they the first to impose sanctions on my country? They did not support us in the difficult times. As an optimist, I hope that the Arab world will evolve and will follow ‘The Guide’ in the path of harmony that he has opened-up….other governments should make use of his wisdom….”

One of his sons was a top soccer star, all his other sons are remarkable political-theoreticians. Khamis Gaddafi is a commander of a reinforced brigade of the Libyan army. Mutassim is the national security adviser

Saadi Kaddafi (à dr.) et son frère Mootassem, en Italie, en 2005

Gadhafi and his wife Safiya  wave to the crowd upon their arrival in Dakar, Senegal, for a three-day official visit on Dec. 3, 1985.

Gadhafi has eight biological children, six by Safiya.. He is deeply committed to certain principles and to his means of achieving them. That does not make him irrational or impervious to pressure. Two of his own children were injured, and an adopted daughter, Stephanie [Hana], was killed in the American Bombing of Libya in 1986. Gadhafi has never even thought about “revenge”!

Pierre Salinger in 1999 (six years before his death), wrote an “Introduction” to a book of al-Gadhafi’s fictional and contemplative essays:

The original, splendid Book-Jacket reads:

The following, was Salinger’s splendid assassment of Moammar al-Gadhafi and the then “new” Libyan JAMAHIRIYA:

For the rest of the introduction, please click a miniature (below) to magnify and see the texts. They are in order (1-20). 

There is more going-on than meets the eye! 

Gadhafi is the founder of the Libyan Great Jamahiriya. He made Libya what it is. Before him, it was a sand pile with WWII scap iron and no future. A wondrous work indeed…and one that cannot be brushed off lightly—or as you say, if Gadhafi is side tracked, then there is no Jamahiriya—and that would be an enormous tragedy. The whole system is his ingenious creation. Gadhafi, like Pasquale Paoli for Corsicans, will live forever. He lives in the hearts and minds of millions. To know him, is to love him; and to be eternally grateful for having this “man”!…and he has yet still so much to offer us and give!

NOW, Since when has the “Christian” West sided with the Al-Qaeda publicly (‘though everyone knows that al-Qaeda was a CIA creation to fight the Russian wars in Afghanastan) ?

Gadhafi is taking the total Fall  (again) for this Western false flag. Seems like nothing is new, and history is repeteing itself from 1986 once more.

This time, it is for LIBYA’s strategic location [albeit  al-Gadhafi refused American pleas from Obama to have Libyan lands for AFRICOM bases in North Africa—as the Americans already have bases to “rule” from throughout the entire globe—except for North Africa —since Gadhafi threw-out the Americans, British and Italians when he accomplished his 1969 BLOODLESS coup],  and economic resources (as the Great SAHARA Waterway Pipeline is completed), and virgin-pure oil. Obviously, it is for these interests alone—far from anything “humanitarian” (as Obama expressed) that the Western Nations have contemplated this war in Libya. (They are extremely fearful of African economic independence and growth. They dread the immergence of an AFRICAN-DINAR; as it would spell ruin to the investments of the IMF.)  OBAMA planed on the assets of the IMF and the WORLD BANK ORGANIZATION to “rebuild” Africa into a new western democracy (as he said in his public address to the American Nation); and then have Africa indebted unto the West forever!…So much for his evil and sinister plan. Meanwhile, to implement his so much beloved NEW WORLD ORDER (as he so addressed the U.N. in his speech), Obama, as U.S.A. President (EXECUTIVE),  has ensurped all the powers of the Congress and the Judiciary Branches (under the pretense of  the Patriotic Act for Homeland Security in these times of perpetual world wars [under the provisions of Marshall Law] wherein the U.S. Constitution & The Bill of Rights attached to it, are “null and void”. Under his new “World War Act” ,  he now excersizes his dictatorial “POWERS” throughout the world at any time; and he can (anywhere)  arrest or assassinate anyone he seems fit to, without trial or question. His “TSA-feelers” have already overtaken all “Commercial” air-flights throughout the entire planet….and the “Elite’s” NAZI plan to start “the culling” has long begun….

 They did not learn a lesson from IRAQ! The West has already frozen and accessed all of  The JAMAHIRIYA’s humanitarian FUNDS for African Developement that were placed in Western bank-holdings. They thought that this is how to get out of government financial bankruptcy at the expense of the African peoples!  Sarkozy & the U.S. are leading the insanity for blood & revenge! and the U.K. has invested interests at spoil with B.P Petroleam if al-Gadhafi got his way with the Jamahiriya’s  People’s Congresses for Libya’s oil assets to be nationalised for distribution of revenues to the Libyan people’s themselves instead of  foreign entrepeneurs. The European nations already lost millions upon millions of revenue they once  received by their sponsorship of telecommunications, when Gadhafi  himself paid the bulk of  monies needed for a Pan-African Communications Satellite System in orbit and its facilities as based in northern Libya, now servicing all of Africa per pennies instead of being robbed by the Western Nations of millions in rental-fees.

 Open-up “The Green Book” On page One, you will understand why Gadhafi is not, and cannot be a “dictator” as the West and Al-Qaeda are portraying him.

To Islamic extremists, Gadafi & Ahmadinejad and those like them, are INFIDELS! al-Gadafi rejects Sharia Law (as a faulty interpretation of the Quaran), shaves [Shaving the beard, to extreme Islamists, is infidel disobedience  ], wants women educated,

 Gadhafi waves after delivering a speech during a meeting with 700 women from the business, political and cultural spheres on June 12, 2009, in Rome. The Libyan strongman drew cheers and jeers when he criticized Islam’s treatment of women

and uses women in security positions:

Libyan women bodyguards provide security

Libya has an open-press, people -controlled JAMAHIRIYA STATE  tv/radio system.

al-Gadhafi himself respects nature, admires art, western-civilisation-music (loves van Beethoven!), and  is an inspired political theoretician who relies on NO ONE to write his speeches. He also possesses 

a sound understanding of all scriptures (not just the Quaran), and is considered by many to be a MUJJIDAD or INMAN. He does not believe in capital punsihment and seeks no revenge for ills against himself or the people of the Jamahiriya! When he gave all power to the Libyan people themselves in 1977, he kept his promise of non-interference into the final decisions of the People’s Congresses. By 14 MARCH 1984, the Jamahiriya was completely in place; and each year there is now celebrated within LIBYA  that wonderous and UNIQUE event.

&, al- Gadhafi has been blessed with a talented family!

—————————————————————————————

CONCERNNING THE PRESENT CONFLICT:

A “peace-protest movement” does not rely on weapons . FACTS are facts. This was an “infiltrated armed-uprising”. Under the political system in Libya, if they really wanted to voice oppositon, there are the PEOPLE’S CONGRESSES in every Village, and the main Congress in Tripoli. Instead, “the Opposition” burnt the Congressional Meeting Halls, destroyed the “Green-book” Memorial and symbolically all the Green books they could put their hands on. That is not wishing for democracy; that is anarchy. (see what terror the “OPPOSITION” are inflicting!)

The “bombing” airplanes were the Libyan Air-forces; but their target was NOT initially people, BUT RATHER THE LIBYAN GOVERNMENT’s [their own] AMMUNITION AND ARMS DEPOTS; in-order that “the Opposition” (who does have al-Quada amongst them) would NOT get their hands on ballistic weaponry, etc. UNFORTUNATELY, “The Opposition” was still able to get all those arms + ammunition and other hard weaponry which was smuggled into the country through groups as The al-Quada. (So much for “peaceful crowds”!) When the Uprising began, the Libyan government sought to destroy their own arms depots only. On the “CROWDS”, to dispearse them, they used only rubber bullets and tear gas. BUT “THE OPPOSITION” w/al-Qaeda & outside forces, started militarily training THEIR “RECRUITS”. Those so-called “crowds” now have enough rockets, balistic missiles, anti-aircraft weapons AND enough ammunition and ground-power (TANKS) to wipe-out humanity! “The Opposition” is putting guns to the heads of young black Libyans. 

You can now go Online to  READ “THE GREEN-BOOK” & “MY VISION” ! You will be inspired politically and economically by Gadhafi’s “THIRD WAY” which is NEITHER COMMUNISM or CAPITALISM. It really is a great solution if only people would listen and READ!!!

——————————————————————————————- Moammar Gadhafi was the creator of  THE AFRICAN UNION—————————————–

Gold, Oil, Africa and Why the West Wants Gadhafi Dead Posted: 2011/06/12 From: Mathaba <!–abbr title=”Coming Soon! (Not Yet Working)”><sup–><!–/sup></small–>   More: Muammar Gadhafi’s decision to pursue gold standard and reject dollars for oil payments may have sealed his fate

Muammar Gadhafi’s decision to pursue gold standard and reject dollars for oil payments may have sealed his fate (FinalCall.com) – The war raging in Libya  since February is getting progressively worse as NATO forces engage in regime change and worse, an objective to kill Muammar Gadhafi to eradicate his vision of a United Africa with a single currency backed by gold. Observers say implementing that vision would change the world power equation and threaten Western hegemony. In response, the United States and its NATO partners have determined “Gadhafi must go,” and assumed the role of judge, jury and executioner. “If they kill Brother Gadhafi, I submit to you that American interests in Africa will come under severe strain,” warned the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan on WPFW-FM’s “Spectrum Today” program with Askia Muhammad. “That man has invested in Africa more than any other leader in the recent history of Africa’s coming into political independence,” he continued. The Muslim leader said America needs access to the mineral resources in Africa to be a viable power in the 21st century. Minister Farrakhan further pointed out in the April 1 radio interview that the current plot to kill Col. Gadhafi comes at a time of great distress and decline for America. The fall of the dollar is a manifest loss of America’s prestige and influence among the nations of the earth and an indicator of her end. Graphic: MGN Online “How’s America’s wealth today? How is she doing financially? What is the deficit? Some say it’s about $56 trillion counting Social Security and Medicare. That’s a big number. She’s printing money, but there’s nothing backing it,” said Min. Farrakhan.In the book, “The Fall of America,” the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad wrote, “One of the greatest powers of America washer dollar. The loss of such power will bring any nation to weakness, for this is the media of exchange between nations.” “The English pound and the American dollar have been the power and beckoning light of these two great powers. But when the world went off the gold and silver standard, the financial doom of England and America was sealed,” he explained. Mr. Muhammad said further that “the Fall of America is now visible and understandable. “Long has Allah (God) been gradually removing the power of the great and mighty America while few have noticed it. This has been done by degrees, and they do not perceive it.” Mr. Muhammad warned America’s fall serves as a sign of fate for her European counterparts. Analysts say introducing the gold dinar as the new medium of exchange would destroy dependence on the U.S. dollar, the French franc and the British pound and threaten the Western world. It would “finally swing the global economic pendulum” that would break Western domination over Africa and other developing economies. Attacking Col. Gadhafi can be understood in the context of America and Europe fighting for their survival, which an independent Africa jeopardizes. “Gadhafi’s creation of the African Investment Bank in Sirte (Libya) and the African Monetary Fund to be based in Cameroon will supplant the IMF and undermine Western economic hegemony in Africa.” —Gerald Pereira, an executive board member of the former Tripoli-based World Mathaba “Gadhafi’s creation of the African Investment Bank in Sirte (Libya) and the African Monetary Fund to be based in Cameroon will supplant the IMF and undermine Western economic hegemony in Africa,” said Gerald Pereira, an executive board member of the former Tripoli-based World Mathaba. The moves are also bad for France because when the African Monetary Fund and the African Central Bank in Nigeria starts printing gold-backed currency, it would “ring the death knell” for the CFA franc through which Paris was able to maintain its neocolonial grip on 14 former African colonies for the last 50 years. “It is easy to understand the French wrath against Gaddafi,” said Prof. Jean-Paul Pougala of the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The idea, according to Gaddafi, was that African and Muslim nations would join together to create this new currency and would use it to purchase oil and other resources in exclusion of the dollar and other currencies,” said political analyst Anthony Wile in an editorial for The Daily Bell online. According to the International Monetary Fund, Libya’s Central Bank is 100 percent state-owned and estimates that the bank has nearly 144 tons of gold in its vaults. If Col. Gadhafi changed the purchasing terms of his oil and other Libyan commodities sold on the world market and only accepted gold as payment; a policy like that wouldn’t be welcomed by the power elites who control the world’s central banks. “That would certainly be something that would cause his immediate dismissal,” said Mr.Wile. Furthermore, pricing oil in something other than the dollar would undercut the pedestal of U.S.. power in the world. Although in trouble, the dollar is the reserve currency based on a deal made with Saudi Arabia in 1971 in which the Saudis, as the world’s largest oil producer, agreed to accept only dollars for oil, Mr. Wile observed.The Libyan affair has sparked a divide in the world community with the African Union and nations like Venezuela, China and Cuba—and until recently Russia—on one side as voices of reason, caution and respect for international law and honoring the UN mandate which set the parameters for engagement in Libya. On the other side are war hawkish America, France, Britain and Italy pursuing regime change and actively trying to assassinate Col. Gadhafi, though they deny that aim. “Why all of a sudden, this rush to destroy Gadhafi?” asked Min. Farrakhan during his March 31 press conference on America’s Middle East and Libya policy. “I know why you are angry with him; because he never agreed with your policies when it came to sucking the resources of Third World peoples, and putting in place dictators that would be amenable to America’s policies.” Other analysts concur that the control of Africa is front and center as the prize in the scramble to kill Col. Gadhafi and preserve Western domination on the world stage, making the African Union critical at this time. The AU stood with Libya since NATO forces began their missile bombardment. The AU has also accused Western nations of marginalizing an African solution to an “African problem.” The AU criticized NATO for bombing Tripoli, targeting Gadhafi family compounds and violating the stated UN mandate to uphold a no fly-zone and protect civilians. AU negotiations to end the conflict were brokered by South African President Jacob Zuma, which the Libyan government accepted, but were discarded by the rebels who set preconditions—in conjunction with NATO—that demanded Col. Gadhafi’s removal. Graphic: MGN Online The AU is the framework the Libyan leader was using to establish African self determination and economic self-sufficiency. Col. Gadhafi financed the restructuring of the former Organization of African Unity—formed by African leaders Dr. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Sekou Toure of Guinea, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and others—into the AU and revived the concept of a United States of Africa with one continental army and a single currency backed by gold.However critics of U.S. foreign policy objectives in Africa say efforts toward the continent becoming a unified bloc have been consistently weakened for fear that Africa will leverage more equity and control in the arena of global economics. But the plan for an independent African currency backed by gold appears to be the real reason behind the frenzied attack on Col. Gadhafi. “The US, the other G-8 countries, the World Bank, IMF, BIS (Bank for International Settlements), and multinational corporations do not look kindly on leaders who threaten their dominance over world currency markets.” —John Perkins, author of “Confessions of an Economic Hit Man” Whenever a government and leader arose that desired to use the resources of that nation for its people, America—through the CIA—would plan insurrections, coups, terrorist activities and even assassination of good leaders, observed Min. Farrakhan. Despite the ire of Western foes, Muammar Gadhafi gained the clout to lead creation of a single currency because of strong oil profits versus a small population. “The US, the other G-8 countries, the World Bank, IMF, BIS (Bank for International Settlements), and multinational corporations do not look kindly on leaders who threaten their dominance over world currency markets,” wrote John Perkins, author of “Confessions of an Economic Hit Man,” on Johnperkins.com. It is redolent of Saddam Hussein advocating similar policies shortly before the U.S. invaded Iraq, he said. “Gadhafi knew how to play the West at their own game. He dared to wield real economic power in the name of Africa and anyone who dares to do so will feel the full wrath of Empire,” remarked. Perrier. With the hopes of breaking Col. Gadhafi, foreign governments froze nearly $70 billion of Libyan assets belonging to the Libyan Investment Authority, the 13th largest international investment fund in the world. Although designed to hurt Col. Gadhafi, it injures Africa, because Libya assists with development projects throughout Africa. An example of such projects was installing independent satellite communications across Africa, cutting off an expensive dependency on Europe for the same services. Col. Gadhafi infused $300 million into the project after the IMF, America and Europe broke repeated promises of finance. In the 1990s forty-five African governments started RASCOM—Regional African Satellite Communication Organization—so Africa would have its own satellite and control communication costs on the continent. Before RASCOM, costs for telephone calls to and from Africa were the highest worldwide and the continent was burdened with an annual $500 million fee paid to Europe for satellite usage. African satellites cost a onetime payment of $400 million and no annual fee—a move for self determination led by Col. Gadhafi that agitated Europe. The rebels and collaborators Since the beginning of the hostilities, the 69-year-old Gadhafi has consistently called for ceasefires and a political solution only to be rebuffed and have NATO missiles aimed at him and his family. However, with the stakes so high, what kind of Libya will emerge if Col. Gadhafi is killed? “It will not be the rebels and the transitional council who will take power in Libya—it will be the imperialist powers who take over and the implications for Libya will be a complete re-colonization,” said Mr. Pereira. Some nations officially recognized the NTC as the new legitimate government; however the NTC will face severe challenges as a government post Gadhafi. The NTC and other rebel groups lack cohesive unity, strengthening possibilities for ongoing civil strife. Furthermore, the insurgency has become a nightmare wrought with hard financial and military questions. Xinhua News-English reported the group is cash poor and has difficulty raising money; while the only commodity available to them is oil, which still belongs the Gadhafi government and is embroiled in UN sanctions. “I don’t have any resources. Not a single dinar came in to the treasury,” lamented NTC oil and finance head Ali Tarhouni during a May 29 press conference. “We only exported one shipment (of oil) and got $150 million for that. So far we’ve spent $408 million on fuel. It’s not a good number.” The Benghazi-based rebels include remnants of the monarchy deposed by the 1969 Al-Fateh revolution. Several times over the years, the royalists attempted assassination of Col. Gadhafi and destabilization of the revolution, but lacked military ability and popular support. On May 24, U.S. assistant secretary of state Jeffery Feltman announced the NTC will establish an office in Washington at the invitation of President Barrack Obama. Comparable arrangements exist with France and Britain. For now, after several months of military intervention, betrayal by former comrades of the revolution and continued assassination attempts by NATO, Muammar Gadhafi is still standing. For the imperialists however, his elimination means the future of their power in Africa. “Make no mistake, if NATO succeeds in Libya it will be a massive setback for the entire continent,” said Mr. Pereira.

SELECTION from “Vision” of Mummar Gadhafi

44 NATIONS attack Mu’ammar al-Qathafi  

 

 

Libya TV – معمر القذافي Gaddafi’s Speech 17.03.2011 – part 1.

al-Qathafi’s speech to the rebels in Benghazi.

Libya TV – معمر القذافي Gaddafi’s Speech 17.03.2011 – part 2.

al-Qathafi’s speech to the rebels in Benghazi.

 or,

كلمة القذافي 17 مارس – 12 ربيع ثاني ( 1/2 )

كلمة القذافي 17 مارس – 12 ربيع ثاني الجزء الأول , وفيها تهديد شديد للأهل بنغازي , ونسأل الله أن تكون هذه آخر كلمة لهذا الطاغية ,, اللهم آمين

كلمة القذافي 17 مارس – 12 ربيع ثاني ( 2/2 )

كلمة القذافي 17 مارس – 12 ربيع ثاني الجزء الأول , وفيها تهديد شديد للأهل بنغازي , ونسأل الله أن تكون هذه آخر كلمة لهذا الطاغية ,, اللهم آمين

—-

Vision [Relié]

 

Muammar Al Gaddafi (Auteur), Hans Schmid (Traduction)

Comments on Muammar Qaddafi by a Mathaba Committee in USA Posted: 2011/07/19 From: Mathaba,  http://networkedblogs.com/kACcx showInitialOdiogoReadNowFrame (_odiogo_feed_id, ‘627615’, 290, 0);

Message from an Information Warrior, Truth Defender, Angel Supporter and Conscience Caller from the belly of the beast Greetings to all, Get out your handkerchiefs, some of ya’ll:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6U7p9QwJZtM . The Libyan people–the girls, boys, men, women and the tribes–are very politically astute.  Remember: The literacy rate in Libya is 90%.  They are absolutely clear about their history, and the significance of “The Revolution,” that is, the revolution brought by Gaddafi, who is still referred to as, “Leader of The Revolution” by the Libyan people. They are not un-educated, un-refined tribal people who can be easily manipulated against each other from outside.  This is the mistake that the France, Britain, and the U.S. either did not know, or they did know and simply didn’t care, choosing to see if they could simply bludgeon the people into submission. They know that one-million of their people were killed by the Italians.  And that fact is in their blood.  It is in no way possible that they will give in to force, because, in their minds, that would be a betrayal of those Libyans who lost their lives to the Italians, as well as a betrayal to the man who brought them a progressive society, Muahmmar Gaddafi. I’ve been trying to decide which of the two demon-inspired vicious wars have been worse, Vietnam or this Libyan war.  Vietnam still comes out “on top” in the category of horrifying, genocidal oppression–a “distinction,” of course, we all hope that no country, in the future, will have the misfortune of having. A word on the traitors: It is pure fact that, had the traitors [called “rebels”] not eagerly conspired with NATO, there would be no war at this moment.  I’ve sent enough material to you for you to know what this is about: money and power.  Part of the problem, as I have learned by working with people in the Jamahiriya and the mathaba that are very close to Gaddafi, is that he is too trusting. They love him, but are frustrated that he has this habit of trusting.  Everyone in Libya very well knew that Bengazi was the center of trouble for Libya.  But the most that Gaddafi did was keep an eye on them.  In fact, this is another proof that he has not been some “brutal dictator,” otherwise he would have emptied Bengazi of those Al-Qaeda and jihadist elements that he knew were there. Years ago, the U.S. normalized relations with him and began calling him a “friend” of the U.S.  Well, we all know what THAT means!  It means nothing.  You’re a friend to the U.S. for as long as you appear to be of some use.  When he agreed to normalize relations, he also agreed to cease certain military development. He was warned directly by Minister Louis Farakhan, and I remember when that happened, because I was sitting at The Final Call building when Minister Farakhan returned from Libya after having sat with Gaddafi to warn him of what was in store for him in the future, if he really believed the U.S. overtures of peace. What most people do not understand is this: Although Gaddafi is an Arab Socialist, he does practice Islam, though not fanatically.  It is instinctive, in Islam, to follow the “sunna,” or the practice of the Prophet Muhammad.  During Prophet Muhammad’s battles, whenever the enemy would sue for peace, the Prophet would immediately agree, and stop battling. His “sahaba,” i.e., companions, or followers, would become upset with him and say, “Oh Holy Prophet of Islam!  You know that the enemy is suing for peace only so that they can re-group and attack us later!”  But, he would ignore them. That is what Gaddafi follows.  It’s sad that his country has become attacked, in part due to his following his belief: an enemy sued for peace, and he immediately drop his defences, contrary to what Minister Farakhan had told him (Incidentally, I’m not a follower of Farakhan’s, but the man has been on target at many times throughout his leadership of the NOI). A measure of the level of Gaddafi’s belief in religion can be seen in two incidents.  During this war, the news media was trying to dig up every kind of possible dirt they could.  They found nothing.  In one article, they interviewed one of his Bulgarian nurses.  They pressed and pressed and pressed, virtually directly asking her if he “fooled around.”   The woman actually laughed and said, “Gaddafi?!  Ha!  He’s a prude?”  When asked, “But why does he have beautiful women as his nurses,” she answered, “for the same reason that he likes flowers and other beautiful things.”  Another incident once occurred in Italy.  He was in a hotel with some aides.  A group of young fashion models walked by.  He had his aides stop them.  He asked them to come to a “party” that he was having in the hotel later that night. They all went to the party.  When they got there, he handed each one of them a copy of the Holy Qur’an, and began reading it to them, and explaining the verses.  In other words, he taught a class.  They were stuck, of course, because he was a head of state and they wanted to give him that respect.  But, it was not the kind of party they’d expected.  During the class, he softly suggested that they consider another profession that was “more pious.”  LOL!!! Anyway, the members of the Jamahiriya–and this is just me sharing information, just ‘case I like to DO that–are frustrated with him, because of his trusting nature.  But they say, “Well…we love him ANYWAY!”  It’s all very fascinating to learn about this stuff.  I’d known about Gaddafi many years ago, when I used to read Muhammad Speaks Newspaper, Gaddafi’s Green Book, and other information about Libya.  But, I’d not been connected with the Libyan scene for decades.  So, it is very interesting (though extremely sad and deeply frustrating) to be involved, and to learn. One of the most frustrating things it the absolutely complete media blackout.  We are in an information prison.  It is SO astonishing.  Every report sounds as if it’s written by the same individual.  And you can’t get any perspective.  You’re told one side of this, and that’s it. This is truly new.  It just blows me away.  It’s why I, along with others, have contributed tons of work at mathaba.net.  It’s fulfilling because the work is being done by Christians, Muslims, ATHEISTS, revolutionaries, etc., etc., and just people who deplore injustice.  Do check out the articles at mathaba.net, and please inform people about the work there. (Register at www.mathaba.org and login to the Mathaba Committees forum if you wish to help out). Those of you who feel this, in your heart, please continue to pray that the suffering of the Libyan people under racist, imperialist aggression will soon come to an end.  Thank you. Peace, RC # http://www.mathaba.net/go/daily

19 SEPTEMBER 2005:

The Meeting of the Brother Leader with European & American Writers, Men of Letters &Parliamentarians Affiliated with the Global Green Auditorium

The Leader:

” I welcome you in Libya, and thank you for coming. I had appealed to professors in the world, and to thinkers, politicians, parliamentarians, and members of social, economic and political research centers, asking them to come to the Jamahiriya, enter the Green auditorium, learn lessons and see for themselves the applications of direct popular democracy. In fact the appeal was heeded by members of the Russian Duma, professors from Russian Universities and thinkers whom we met.

They came to the Green Auditorium, where we had a meeting like the present meeting. Now you honor us with your presence and by responding to the appeal. For which I thank you. . The fact that you have come from such remote regions indicates that you are earnest in the pursuit of knowledge and in seeking the truth.

This is required. We must seek the truth without preconceived racial, religious or other notions. It is my belief that the Green Book, which represents a guide for the struggle of peoples to achieve direct popular democracy and popular socialism the object of a preconceived racist, irrational position on the part of a number of societies which are governed by dictatorial, arbitrary governments. . Such a position is, of, course, unscientific and irrational. It is due to political reasons or disputes among states, such as antagonism to Alagathafi regarding the cause of liberation and such.

Taking a hostile position on the Third Universal Theory is the policy of rulers and governments, but you breached that embargo. Here you are in Libya and in the Green Auditorium. This is the difference between scholar and an intellectual, free of racist complexes, who comes to seek the truth and judges it subsequently, having seen it for himself and rulers who take hostile, colonialist, racist positions in total contradiction with logic, science and impartiality.

Regrettably, it is the position of arbitrary governments to prevent people from reading the Green Book. It is our belief that the contents of the Green Book will chart the definitive road for the world towards democracy and the solution of the socio-economic problem through the establishment of the direct, popular democracy of the masses, i.e. the system of the masses, and of popular socialism. However, failure to study the Green Book will cause peoples to flounder, take a long road and lose a lot of time to arrive at this solution.

They will attain this solution with the Green Book or without it, because it is inevitable. The mass opposition is becoming more broadly based and growing in magnitude. It used to be individual and natural, but has now become a broad, mass opposition. It looks like a pyramid whose base grows wider and wider until it becomes a horizontal line.

The march of the masses towards power and the elimination of oppression and exploitation will not stop halfway, but will surely reach its destination. It cannot be static, which means continuous, ceaseless movement. This is inevitable; the picture before us shows that the base of the pyramid continues to widen until the pyramid becomes a horizontal line, and then all the masses assume power, and acquire their share of wealth. The question of power and wealth is very clear before us now in the world.

The power is in the hands of the government not the people, and the people everywhere is ruled by a government. Such hateful terms as ‘the government’ and ‘the people’, the ‘governor’ and the ‘governed’ are unashamedly taking their place; there is no shame anywhere in the world. Now there is talk of the ‘governor’ and the ‘governed’ and the one who is responsible. In other words, there is one who is responsible and one who is not, and he who is not responsible is a slave.

It is well known, even in the slavery system, that a slave is not responsible, but his master is responsible. Now, there is talk of responsible officials, but who are they? They mean the rulers. Fine, are the people responsible? They say “no”; they don’t say “You are responsible,” but they say “The ruler is responsible….the one who is responsible official of this state…those who are responsible officials of that state.” However, the rest are not responsible, because they are slaves, and, indeed, when one is a slave, one is not responsible; the term “responsibility” is never ascribed to a slave, but to his master, and this is the reason behind the expression extant in the world today.

It is said “I met a number of Italian responsible officials….I met a number of Indian responsible officials….I met a number of responsible officials of this state….I met the first responsible official of this state…..I met a responsible official from that state …..I met a responsible official from the other state…” These are masters who are responsible….When someone refers to a responsible official, it means he has met one of the rulers or the prime ruler, etc. However, the others are not responsible because they are citizens, i.e. slaves, hence the expressions “responsible officials” and “responsible official”.

Someone who is responsible for managing the affairs of the slaves. They are his slaves, and he is responsible for them. This is the truth we uncover when we remove the present camouflage. The truth is that the citizens are now slaves everywhere in the world, and there is someone in charge of them, who is the government. They exchange courtesies, cables, congratulations and such, and say: ‘Government and people, ruler and ruled’ which means that the people is not the government but is governed “I thank your government and people for your warm hospitality…..I thank the government and the people for hosting the conference.”

This is an abhorrent expression, because it is an autocratic expression, because it devoid of equality and robs the people of sovereignty and dignity and ascribes everything to the government and the responsible official. You can see this being practiced without shame, as the forces ensconced on the throne of authority in the world are the forces that have the resources that enable them to be defiant and to brag and insult.

It is the dictatorial theory that is prevailing in the world now and is called modern democracy or representative democracy, but it is not democracy. It consists of politicians and businessmen who are the capitalists who own the wealth. It is this wealth that that enables then to put whoever they want in power. Therefore there is an alliance between those who have the financial power and those who have the political power, while the people are deprived of this political potential and this economic potential.

For example, they, esp. in the Western countries, speak of freedom of the press, and say that the press is free. This is deception, distortion and false. This absolutely untrue, since there is no free press and the poor cannot publish a newspaper. A newspaper is published by a corporation, and the rich own the newspapers. These newspapers are founded by this class to serve its interests. Hence, they are guided, controlled, forced to pursue a certain policy and are not free.

To be free is to follow any direction and say anything, but these papers were by certain forces to serve their interests. Therefore they are servile and in the pay of their masters. It is also said that there are elections and that the people elected representatives. This is a distortion of the truth, and the people are innocent of this. It is the corporations and the rich who create the representatives, as a poor person can’t become a member of the Congress, the Parliament or the House of Lords in any state.

A poor person can’t become a member of parliament, publish a newspaper or become a ruler. These are the monopoly of political-economic duo, the capitalists and the politicians created by the capitalists to be in their service. The politicians are ruled by the capitalists who made them; this is clear.

It is said that President So&So is supported by the oil companies, for example, which means he was made by the oil companies and became president to serve their interests. Sometimes, it is said that President So & So is against the oil companies and favors the iron and steel industry, because those companies managed to get him to the presidency to serve them.

It is then said that the oil companies are unlucky, because the winner is supported by the iron and steel companies, and sometimes the opposite is said. Any other economic activity that possesses an effective financial power can create a president, a congress, a parliament or a government biased in its favor to serve its interests. This capitalist class owns the press, which is falsely said to be free, when it is not; it is the slave of the capitalist who owns it. This press generates publicity and influences public opinion in favor of one candidate or another

In actual fact, everything they say to you and to us and to the world about there being democracies and freedoms is not true. On the contrary, all societies now, esp. Western societies, are dangerously dictatorial. Why? The current ruling parties are not real parties made up of citizens, of ordinary people. They are a political force that enjoys economic support and has all the means. They control the army, the police, the press and capital, and beyond that, they control the power of decision-making.

In other words, this is one of the most hideous dictatorships, which does not leave a breathing space for any kind of freedom. Peoples everywhere are discovering this truth year after year. One finds that those who go to the ballot boxes in the past years were seventy percent, for example, only to become fifty percent in the following year and, later, thirty percent. Nowadays, in the elections held in some states, the turnout in certain constituencies was down to three percent, and, at most, reached, ten percent. This is a rejection of the system by the ordinary citizen, because it is an arbitrary, dictatorial, useless system…

It exploits the citizen to bestow legitimacy on the dictators, the capitalists and the exploiters Thus, this is the sole function of the citizen; he is told, “Bestow legitimacy on this dictator! All we want from you to take this paper and put it here,” so that they can acquire legitimacy, because without elections no one can claim the presidency or the premiership, since he will be asked, “Who appointed you?”

Nowadays, people do not participate in appointing the president or the prime minister, but it is necessary to claim that he was elected president. So, they address the people and ask them to stand in queues on a certain date , and place the ballot papers in designated boxes, The citizen handles this paper just as he handles a piece of toilet paper which he puts in the waste basket or in the garbage after using. This is exactly how he puts this paper in this box, the garbage box or the ballot box.

Some go as if going to the market or for a walk on the beach. He is told, “There are elections today,” so he says, “Fine, we’ll kill an hour or two by taking a paper and putting it in the ballot box,” just as if he was going to the zoo, the beach or a café; that’s what it has come to.,. The majority now knows this and do not go. In the third world, it is well known that the citizen who votes has been paid the price.

If there are elections, it means votes are bought; “Take a dollar and put your ballot in the box.” It is, in other words a process of buying and selling… Someone would say to himself, “Since there are elections today, I can put a paper in the ballot box and receive a dollar in return, instead of staying at home and not getting anything.” The buying of votes is well known now. Those who do not have money cannot contest the elections.

We, the owners of companies who want this president to serve our interests, cover these costs and claim that we contributed to his campaign. It is silly for the candidate himself to come and vote for himself and says, “I have nominated myself…” This is one of the farces of the theory of representation. If the people are present why should we have representatives for them?

What is the justification for removing the people deliberately and bringing those who represent them? It is said, “Where shall we bring the people, since this hall can only accommodate a hundred people?

Since the people number a hundred million, let them elect a hundred people to represent them in this hall, because this hall is too small for all the people, and can only hold a hundred people.”

Therefore the people can meet a hundred a time until all one hundred people everywhere are covered. Why settle for this hall only? Let’s build a thousand such halls, where the people can meet in congresses and decide what they want. Then the secretaries of these congresses can meet and bring with them the decisions of these congresses, in which all the people, men and women, were represented, and agree to issue these decisions taken by the people and drafted in these meetings. Sometimes, there is confusion.

At times we would be talking with someone and refer to people’s congresses and direct popular democracy, and he says, “We have parliaments just like you.” No, I want to explain the major difference between parliaments and congresses, congresses are bodies elected by the people, while congresses are made up of the people themselves. Thus, when we speak of a parliament we mean a body elected by the people, but when we speak of a congress we mean the people, all the people. For instance, in the Jamahiry (mass) system in Libya, the people’s congresses comprise all the people, adult men and women who are legally accountable, and they are the ones who rule.

The people’s congress is like the Congress, while in a certain country there is one Congress, there are 400 Congresses in Libya, reflecting the number of the population, and all the people are present in 400 Congresses. Imagine!! In one country there is one parliament and you come to Libya and find 400 parliaments. Why is that?

Because all the people are members of these four hundred parliaments. Hence, whatever is decided is decided by the people and not by the representatives of the people. Naturally, in the name of representation, the people were separated and slowly excluded from governance and its management, toe replaced by another means which, as already indicated, is adapted by money and such.

The danger does not, in fact, lie in the exclusion of democracy inside the country, and that the regime is dictatorial and arbitrary, etc., and that the citizen does not have self-determination, but in the fact that t his clique that rules on behalf of the people, be they representatives or government, and that were made in the manner we have already explained, does not pose a threat to itself but to the world and to world peace.

The danger is that one individual can decide to declare war or peace, to destroy the world or not to destroy it, and to invade or not to invade. The danger is that these Hitler-like governments threaten us and threaten our lives. They threaten our peace and security just as Hitler posed a threat, because he had the mightiest force at the time. He was one individual governing by himself, who began with a gang, a minister of propaganda and a minister of defense, and eventually imperiled world peace and posed a real threat.

Now there are individuals who have bombs, missiles, planes and chemical and bacteriological weapons. This is very serious, because these weapons of mass destruction are controlled by a group of individuals. People everywhere demonstrated against the war. They wanted peace, not war. However, the war broke out, the forces were moved and the children died. Where is the democracy then? Don’t the people who are against the war have representatives?

If the representatives had represented the people they would have objected to the war, but they supported the rulers, therefore they do not represent the people. Hence, representation is a fraud. It has been proven that the representative does not represent the people. The representatives do not act on behalf of the people, which have been proven. In general, they are all haunted by the crisis, the crisis of governance, democracy and the economic system.

Even when you meet many presidents, they do not tell you that they are alright. They know they are experiencing a very grave crisis. They tell you,” we do not know the tools we need. Politics is in a crisis. We do not know how to relate to the citizens or how to manage our affairs. . The economy is rejected, .politics is rejected and all the current processes are rejected by the ordinary citizen. The masses express their aspirations, their desires and their views, like the “ Seattle masses”, in isolation from their representatives and their governments.

Millions, heeding no borders, march to raise their voice, stats their views and express their rejection. The rulers are being pursues everywhere by demonstrations, while the workers are organizing strikes and demanding their rights. As for the economy ,the crisis has been exacerbated and has endangered the entire capitalist system of production, which has prompted them to seek solutions to save themselves, which is, indeed, evident , What is positive is that the company that used to be owned by one person in Europe, the U.S. or Canada has now become a public company. This, as we have already stated is an inevitable solution.

What is stated in the Green Book is inevitable. Without reading the Green Book, then with the passage of time and through struggle we will arrive at this solution. On the economic front, the major capitalist companies have begun to go public in spite of them, otherwise they would face death. The workers have begun to demand their right, which means they are preventing the owner of the company from profiting at their expense, whereas he founded that company to exploit them, reap profits and accumulate capital.

This has led automatically to a solution, as the workers themselves became shareholders in the company. If you go to the stock market, you will find the shares of this company are publicly traded, the same company that used to be owned by one individual may be now owned by a million shareholders. This means that socialism is a solution that imposes itself, and it has not failed or is dying as they say. On the contrary, it is capitalism that is dying; it is dying everyday…

Holding on to it is an exercise in futility and a waste of time. It is like keeping a person on life support systems. What is the use of clinging to the life-support systems if the patient is clinically dead? This is exactly the case of capitalism and the theory of representation. Holding on to them is like keeping someone alive on life-support systems.

Now, privately held companies are beginning to become public companies, and in the final analysis, you will find that only the popular socialism, which was addressed in the second chapter of the Green Book, will prevail. However, now they call it popular capitalism as Thatcher called it, since they do not like the term “socialism”. Whether you call it popular capitalism or popular socialism does not matter. Even in Libya it is possible to speak of popular capitalism; what matters is that the people own the capital, which means socialism…

This leaves the political problem as representation of the people is still espoused. Generally speaking the political problem has not been solved yet, and the political crisis still persists. We have seen that the peoples and the parliaments that they claim were elected by the people are not on the same page. There is a grave crisis experienced by the world today, which is the crisis of Iraq.

It is a war of devastation and genocide and it is a threat to peace and a waste of the world resources, ad the oil is being burned everyday, it is a war t which the peoples rejected, and the parliaments endorsed. Then what is the use of convening another parliament for these peoples, and holding another election for such a parliament as long as the parliament does not represent the people? We should abolish the parliament and uphold the will of the people. But how do we allow the people to govern?

It is very clear that the people can govern through the people’s congresses and the people’s committees. Instead of having one Congress or one parliament, there will be a thousand congresses or a thousand parliaments accommodating all the people. The structures within we are working now are so obsolete that they can no longer accommodate the new realities. The peoples are marching towards power and want to govern.

The old structure of the government and the parliament is crumbling before this new reality. All the people will enter this structure, which is too narrow for a government and a parliament. So this structure will break up and should break up. Even the wealth was monopolized in a structure confined to a handful of capitalists. Now, all the peoples want their share of the wealth, and all will gain access to the structure, and therefore the old structure of individual capitalism will break up.

A single individual used to own a company and enlist the labor of a million workers to increase his profits by exploiting them and robbing their efforts. This structure will break up, because the million want their share in this company. All of these are practical, material proofs of the validity the Green Book theory, the third universal theory…

We are reassured to know that there is a solution set down in a book, the Green Book. If we study this book and if the people learnt it, we will arrive quickly at a solution and spare ourselves this prolonged suffering. However, if we fail to study it, we will certainly arrive at the solution prescribed by the Green Book, but through suffering, after traveling a long road and paying a heavy price. Now the U.N. Security Council, whose meetings used to be open only to 15 members, finds itself compelled to allow states non-members to attend the debates.

The most recent recommendation was made this month at a summit meeting of the U.N. General Assembly. Naturally, they did not agree to expand the Security Council with the addition of new members, and maintained its present size, but they recommended that the Security Council continue to allow the participation of the largest possible number of non-member states in its meetings, because the world will no longer allow 15 members to decide its fate, and war and peace,… They said,” This is true.

We will allow a number of non-member states to speak in every meeting… This shows that even the old structure of the Security Council is beginning to break up now, because everyone wants to gain access to this structure, and this is only the beginning. A hall like this can only accommodate on hundred, but there are a thousand people outside who want to come in. . . . Fine, we will let in ten of you, then twenty, then thirty, because we want to solve the problem of those who are outside the hall. For if they came in they would smash the premises, break the windows, and cause such confusion that we would not be able to work.

Once the one thousand come in and destroy the hall, a new hall will be built to accommodate a thousand. This is what is happening, which means that the old structures will crumble before the new challenges posed by the masses.

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(Hopes of) blossoming of relations with the West. Libya’s leader, Colonel Muammar Al Gathafi, has expressed revolutionary thoughts that distinguish his country from the world around it. Ideas put forward in his Green Book aim at an alternative to both communism and capitalism while Islam is adhered to but with a unique slant. Republished in a new translation, The Green Book provides fresh insight into the thinking of Muammar Al Gathafi and his Third Universal Theory for a new democratic society. Outlined first is his theory for direct democracy in society, or Jamahiriya, which focuses on the authority of the people, renounces representation or delegation of authority, and recognizes the need for organization of the people at lower levels of society. In The Green Book, Muammar Al Gathafi also suggests an economic revolution, transforming societies of wage earners into companies of partners by applying a political and economic theory of social organization that gives the ownership and regulation of production, distribution, and exchange to the community as a whole. Additionally, the book looks at the launching of a social revolution, presenting solutions to man’s struggles in life and the unsolved problems of man and woman, as well as lacking the situation of minorities by laying out sound principles of social life for all mankind. The Green Book provides readers with new insights into a fascinating country, and the philosophies of one the most controversial and prominent leaders alive today.

 

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Interview with AICHA MUAMMAR al-Gadhafi, by Edmond Jouve:“My father, alone among the Arab leaders, wanted to give to woman, an equivalent status to men.”

Colonial Gadhafi asked Libyan women not to marry defeated Arab men. “My father is right. I am disappointed in the Arabs. Were not they the first to impose sanctions on my country? They did not support us in the difficult times. As an optimist, I hope that the Arab world will evolve and will follow ‘The Guide’ in the path of harmony that he has opened-up….other governments should make use of his wisdom….”

When questioned as to the relationship with her father: “he spends alot of time with us. My relationship with him is strange.Sometimes I feel it is the relationship between governor and governed, sometimes it is that of a generous friend In all cases it is the best remedy for my sorrows and meloncholy….”

THE YEAR 2000 Assassination attempt ‘Kill Gaddafi plot report’ posted on net By Martin Hickman, Political Correspondent, PA News Sunday, 13 February 2000 A top secret report for senior Whitehall officials which linked MI6 to a bomb plot to kill Libyan leader Colonel Gaddafi was today believed to have been posted on the Internet. A top secret report for senior Whitehall officials which linked MI6 to a bomb plot to kill Libyan leader Colonel Gaddafi was today believed to have been posted on the Internet. Foreign Secretary Robin Cook denied two years ago that British secret agents had been involved in the assassination attempt which narrowly failed to kill Gaddafi, but killed a number of bodyguards. He described the claims as “pure fantasy” and said the secret intelligence services had never had any interest, role or experience in the plot. However, an intelligence report placed on the world wide web has reportedly disclosed that British intelligence knew at least two months in advance that there would be an attempt to blow up Gaddafi. The report, coded CX95/53452, detailed when and where the assassination attempt was due to take place and said that 250 British-made weapons were distributed among the plotters. CX reports reportedly summarise MI6’s key intelligence findings and are circulated to the Prime Minister, the Cabinet Office and the Joint Intelligence Committee. Whitehall sources confirmed to The Sunday Times that the four page report – which carried a coded header sheet – was genuine. It was headed: “Libya: Plans to overthrow Gaddafi in early 1996 are well advanced.” The Government’s defence, press and broadcasting advisory committee asked for the address of the website on which the report was published to be withheld from publication. In a statement, the Foreign Office declined to state that the intelligence report was a fake. And it conceded that the British Government had known of plots against Gaddafi. The statement read: “In August 1998, interviewed on Breakfast With Frost, the Foreign Secretary said: ‘… I am absolutely satisfied that the previous Foreign Secretary did not authorise any such assassination attempt … nor have I seen anything which would suggest that SIS has any interest, any role, or any experience over the recent decade of any such escapade.’ “The Foreign Secretary went on: ‘… there was no Government-inspired plot to assassinate Gaddafi, there was no SIS proposal to do it’.” The statement added: “Nothing in the alleged intelligence report posted on the Internet invalidates what the Foreign Secretary said. Nor have we ever denied that we knew of plots against Gaddafi.” However, a storm is likely to engulf the Foreign Secretary over the disclosure that British intelligence apparently knew about the plot in advance. Shadow foreign secretary Francis Maude demanded an immediate inquiry. He told The Sunday Times: “Did Cook conceal the truth? Was it kept from him or did he ignore it?” Claims of British involvement in a plot to kill Gaddafi first emerged when former MI5 officer David Shayler alleged MI6 paid about to help purchase jeeps and weapons. The intelligence report leaked on the web was said to have been passed to Sir John Coles, the most senior civil servant at the Foreign Office, and to GCHQ, the Government listening base, MI5, and the Ministry of Defence. It read: “The coup was scheduled to start at around the time of the next General People’s Congress on February 14, 1996. “Coup will start with unrest in Tripoli, Misratah and Benghazi. “The source said that the plotters would have cars similar to those in QADHAFI’s security entourage with fake security number plates. They would infiltrate themselves in order to kill or arrest QADHAFI.”

The Leader of the Revolution Speaks to the Supreme Council of Judicial Bodies and to the Chiefs of Judicial Bodie
22.10.2004	Print Download
In his meeting with the members of the Supreme Council of Judicial Bodies in the Great Jamahiriya, the leader of the revolution made an important speech. In it, he called upon the Libyan people to annul all exceptional courts like the Special People’s Court. He also appealed to the people to abrogate the penal laws enacted by the Revolutionary Command Council before the establishment of the sovereignty of the Masses, and to return to the normal penal code and procedure. He also demanded that a definitive investigation in the case of the Abi Selim Prison be expeditiously carried out. He appealed for the cessation of any action such as arrest without warrant or extra-judicial punishment, should they exist. He said that no detainee or prisoner should be denied the right to see his family or meet with his attorney. He/she must have the right to choose his own counsel from outside the ranks of the People’s Counsel. Prisoners must continue to have the right to family visits outside prison on special social occasions. The Leader of the Revolution appealed to the Libyan people to swiftly ratify the anti-torture conventions. He strongly deplored the conduct of governments that have not done so. He condemned the countries that oppress detainees and those that allow such acts to be conducted, by their police forces or prison authorities, with impunity. The Leader expressed his heartfelt regret that some governments carry out such acts against their own citizens and against foreigners alike. That sad fact was stressed in the reports of Amnesty International that he put before those present in the meeting. He called upon the Popular Justice Committees in Libya to cooperate with Amnesty International and other human rights organizations. He commended the efforts made by those organizations. He demanded that Libya, by virtue of being the first state of the masses in the whole world, play a pioneering role on the world level in the defense of human rights. The following was mentioned in his speech: In the name of God. In meeting with this elite group of jurists in the Jamahiriya, my purpose was to address certain subjects that need reflection. In the early days of the revolution, certain legislation was made in response to the needs of that stage. All politicians and jurists are aware that a revolution must be accompanied by certain harsh measures. Those measures must be time-bound and of exceptional nature, like wartime legislation. Such measures cannot be permanent or else they would constitute a denial of justice. They must be reconsidered. It was our hope that Libya with its revolution would become a model of freedom, popular democracy, and the state free from oppression and injustice. However, with the measures I mentioned above, Libya became another conventional state, even a dictatorial or police state. This is deeply regrettable. We are not like that nor do we want to be like that. It so happens that we are in the Third World, in a region that is branded as backward. It was difficult for the world to distinguish between what happened here and any other Coup d’état that took place in Sudan, Iraq, Mali, Indonesia, or Argentina. All the events of the last year were purely superficial. They brought all sorts of oppression and injustice. This is perfectly normal since military generals carry out this kind of action in those countries. For us in Libya, it would be unfair to have us in this list. We are not generals who led a Coup. We led a popular revolution for which we used the army. This means we had a doctrine and an ideology. The Libyan revolution was a correction of the events in the Third World. Yes there was a military action accompanied by some injustice. Nevertheless at a very early stage, the power was returned to the people. The popular committees were established and they put before the peoples’ congresses their draft laws and policies. We, the leaders of the revolution, are witnessing the people creating their own committees and entities that are conducting the business of the society of the masses. There is no way for us to enact a law that runs counter to the will of the people. But some of the measures that were supposed to be temporary, somehow, continued to live with us. For example, the People’s Court was established at the beginning of the revolution. In each and every Third World country, when there is a revolution or a Coup, they establish a court named the “Revolution Court”. Its judges are military men and generals. That was the case in Syria, Iraq, and even in Egypt at the beginning of its revolution. For us, even the name would not stand. As we said, our movement was a correction of all the events that happened in other Third World countries. We called it the “People’s Court” because the Revolution was a People’s Revolution. The People’s Court was made up of a military man, a member of the police, a member of the clergy, and the civilian man of law. We could have composed it of young officers like all such courts in the Third World. But its composition was meant to ensure that it was a People’s Court. Anyway, this court continued with us until the year 2000. This should not have happened. Why should we have a special court when we are not in a state of war, anarchy, or upheaval? Human rights organizations and Amnesty International address this question and justifiably. The statute of the court was amended four times. This is proof that it is no longer fit for the new stage. The People’s Court was supposed to try the officials of the monarchy who exercised power before the revolution. After their trial, the court should have ceased to exist. Unfortunately, this was not the case. We started amending it and giving it additional powers. I was amazed to see that someone who sold his farm was referred to the People’s Court. Why? Because his farm was given to him by the state and selling it was a violation of the law. Another person slammed his car into a lamp post, and he too was referred to the People’s Court! Supposedly because the lamp post is public property and running into it is a violation of the law. This is a farce. It is laughable. Could the People’s Court be asked to look into such petty things? Its statute was modified four times in order for it to be able to deal with these new cases that are not within its jurisdiction. My hope is that you would draft a law to put before the popular conference in order to put an end to the existence of the People’s Court. Its mandate and jurisdiction should be transferred to regular courts. We are not the United States. They say they were subjected to a terrorist attack. They enacted special laws, created special courts, reestablished a ministry of the interior, they have Guantánamo and extra judicial measures. They say: “we are at a world war against terrorism; therefore, we must have special measures”. We are not like America. We are not at war. We don’t need special measures to face an outside enemy or to win a war. Why should we have these special measures in a calm and stable country like ours? There is no power struggle in our country. Power is in the hand of the people. Our men and women make the laws, make the decisions, determine the policy of the country, and set its budget. We have no civil war. We have no external war. We have no power struggle. Our society is homogeneous linguistically, religiously, and ethnically. It is a blessing from God that we have such a calm, stable, and content society. Why should we resort to exceptional measures? Because China did? Because Iraq did? Because Syria did? Because I don’t know who did? They have their problems. The US did that, and so did Britain because they are in a state of war. They are scared and terrified. Their fear makes them overreact to the smallest of emergencies and resort to exceptional measure. We don’t have that. Even if America enacts all sorts of exceptional measures, we will not do the same. Every society has its own circumstances. We are a coherent, stable, and calm society that has absolutely no problems. Why should we resort to exceptional measures? Just by way of imitation? Long ago people joked that Arab communists carried their umbrellas in Aden when it snowed in Moscow. Because communists mimicked what happened in Russia, even if they had never seen snow in their lives! What I need to say is that the People’s Court is no longer necessary. It’s supposed to have ended. We appreciate the efforts of its founders, and its efforts to hold to account those who exploited the Libyan people from October 1951to 1969. We should start a normal stage with regular procedures. In 1969, the Revolutionary Command Council adopted the law on the protection of the revolution. That was justifiable at that time. Today, after the establishment of the people’s power, we can no longer talk about the defense of the revolution. We could only talk about the protection of the power of the people and the maintenance of the system of the masses which constitutes the basis of our state. The law was necessary at the time of its adoption. Things were fluid and unpredictable. There used to be five American military bases and a number of British ones. Cyrenaica was completely occupied by the British. There were twenty thousand Italian settlers who controlled all economic activity in Libya. The remnants of the old regime were still active inside and outside the country. It was possible for all those to conspire against the revolution. Therefore it was necessary to adopt a law on the protection of the revolution that provides for severe punishments for any attempts against it. After a while Libya achieved independence and ended the military, economic, and settler colonialism. The revolutionary command council ceased to exist. It was replaced by the people’s power. The republic was replaced by the Jamahiriya. There is no longer a justification for the existence of that law or for us to continue to invoke it. There are other laws that should be sufficient to protect our system of popular direct democracy without resort to any special or exceptional measures. The establishment of the people’s court led to the establishment of the office of the special prosecutor for the security of the revolution. Now we have regular court system and regular offices of prosecutors so why should we need to continue to have that special office? It would have been possible at the time of the revolution, for us not to enact any special laws or provide for any special punishments. It could have been assumed that the old laws came to an end with the beginning of the revolutionary era. We could have run the country without those laws. However, I thought it was necessary for us to enact a law to protect the revolution and a new status. By their very nature, exceptional measures create fear and result in oppression. All Third World countries that established special courts, military courts, and adopted oppressive laws were not spared conflicts and upheaval. They never achieved stability. Those laws did not provide the solution. The real solution lies in a change in the nature of the people and the society. Normally, in every society there is a struggle for power, either among individuals, political parties, tribes, families, or social classes. The solution cannot be found in laws. To provide a radical solution for the problem, there is a need to end the power struggle. Not to frighten those who struggle for it. The struggle for power comes to an end when all the people exercise power, like the situation in Libya now. All adult Libyan men and woman, exercise power, and therefore there is no struggle for it. Anyone with an opinion can express it in the People’s Congresses and try to persuade others of it. The Office of the Special Prosecutor is no longer necessary. There is another law that criminalizes partisanship. There is no objection to the idea itself. My personal objection is to the severe punishments included in it. There is also the fact that with the establishment of the power of the people no such act could take place. If somebody suggests that a political party be established, what would be the use of it? Nobody will join it in a country where the people run their own affairs in direct democracy. Parties and partisanship are completely outdated. They belong in museums. This is the era of the masses. The world is full of parties that have never solved the problems of their societies. If I establish a party, people would think that it is simply lust for power and wealth. People will ask themselves if they should vote for us so that we can rule them and monopolize power and wealth. The ruling party in any country benefits only its members. Even within the party itself, the members charge its central committee of usurping the power of the party and monopolizing its money and that is shows total disregard to the members of the party. Then the central committee itself accuses the politburo of dictatorship and monopoly. So in the final analysis the party is made up of no more than five people who are the members of the politburo. Even the politburo itself usually accuses the chairman of the party of dictatorship and of showing no regard to the politburo. This is what happened with Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Suharto. So what parties are they talking about? The parties do nothing. When people have grievances, they take to the street and the members of the parties are nowhere to be found. People opposed to the war in Iraq, the unemployed, and the poor go out on the street to demonstrate. Violence spreads, and the parties do nothing. People will not establish a party in this day and age. Our people exercise power by themselves. Why should they hand over their power to a party or to a group of people to control them? Take the example of Lebanon. It is made up of many communities. Its political system is sectarian. The president must be Christian and the Prime Minister must be a Sunni Muslim. And the minister of the interior must be a Druze. In the seventies or the eighties a general whose name I don’t remember moved the army, went to the radio station, and broadcast a statement saying that the army has seized power in Lebanon. But nothing changed the following morning. The parliament remained with its sectarian composition unchanged. The general was not even tried. They just asked him what you think you’re doing. The communal and sectarian system is the basis of the government. Can you turn a Christian into a Muslim or a Muslim into a Christian? Nobody in Lebanon could possibly think of a military Coup because all communities are represented in the parliament and in the cabinet. Here we have our People’s Congresses and popular committees. What do we do with parties? They have no role in our system. Therefore, there is no need to give any importance to partisanship. It could be resisted or we could impose severe punishments for it. But in fact, partisanship is over in the whole world. This old model of political parties can no longer express the new reality. All old models like the rule of an individual, a party, or a family, have come to and end. We should not be talking about parties but rather about securing the fabric of the social institutions. All actions, conduct, and behavior must make sure that this fabric is unharmed. This is the very basis of all the constitutions of the world including those that claim to be democratic. Look at the French constitution for instance. It talks about the rights of the human being and the citizen. In order for these rights to be respected, the constitution must be preserved. All actions of the French citizens must not run counter to the constitution. If you infringe the constitution, you are in a collision course with the society and the whole establishment, you can be tried, imprisoned, and be faced with severe punishments. Like they say, the constitution must be preserved; we say that the purpose of all actions must be the protection of the Jamahiriya, the system of the masses and the power of the people. No one is allowed to infringe upon the social establishment. There is also the principle of the people’s sovereignty. That sovereignty is inherent in the people and nobody can exercise without their consent. No one can claim sovereignty for themselves. All the constitutions of the world state that sovereignty belongs to the people and it is exercised through their representatives. Why should it be exercised through representatives? The people can exercise their sovereignty directly. Why should they be denied that right in favor of a small group of representatives? In our system this is a sacrosanct principle. Anyone who challenges it challenges the very fabric of our society and does harm to our social institutions. Therefore, they must be punished to the full extent of the law. Everywhere in the world, people have the freedom to do what they wish, without doing harm to the society. The same applies here. If one attacks the Jamahiriya and the power of the people, he is attacking the whole social institution. This is an indisputable fact. The democratic constitution of the federal republic of Germany, states the Germans have the right of assembly, without need for prior notification, provided it is calm and unarmed. Public assembly requires prior notification. This clearly means that certain actions can only be carried out in accordance with the law in Germany, and other democratic countries. Same applies in France. No anti-republican group would be allowed to organize there. Now In certain Muslim countries, some people start organizing and following certain rituals. This runs counter to the law. They claim that their brand of Islam is better than ours. They change even the rules of prayer. They do not pray at home or in the mosque. They go and pray in public squares. This is undermining the whole religious system of the society. There is no provision in Islam for adopting this unusual form of prayer. If somebody wishes to fast for 40 days, it’s his choice. Nobody will prevent him from doing so or fasting his whole life if he so wishes. But, to start a party or an organization, and to start advocating this idea is an attack on the foundations of religion. It is unacceptable anywhere in the world. Not in France, not in Switzerland, and definitely not in Libya. French law states that it is forbidden to display religious symbols in public schools; no cross, no Star of David, and no Muslim head cover. They say you are free to exercise your faith at home or in a house of worship. It is not acceptable to create distinction among communities in the same society. You must be seen to be French only not followers of one Religion or the other. France is not a mosque or a Church. France is a secular state. When asked why the head cover was banned, the answer was: “At school, you must be seen only as a teacher. To be seen as a follower of a certain religion could put you against the followers of another religion.” In public institutions people must be seen as French, they must keep their faith to themselves, and exercise it in houses of worship. Otherwise, the country will be divided on religious basis. For us in Libya, we are all Sunni Muslims. Why should anybody adopt new rituals, new thought, or new distinguishing marks? This is unacceptable, it undermines the whole society. Anyone can stand on a street corner and preach good behavior and pious conduct. But what is the purpose of gathering a secret underground group? Is it to undermine the whole society? This is totally unacceptable, everywhere in the world. Under the constitution, Germans have the right to form organizations. It also provides for a prohibition of organizations whose purposes are unlawful or against the system of government or destroys the harmony of the society. This is included in the German constitution. Can anyone accuse Germany of being an authoritarian or dictatorial state? There is a consensus on the German system of government and its institutions. No one is allowed to attempt to undermine them. If you call for the establishment of revolutionary committees to rule Germany or to hand over the power to the people, you are undermining the society and committing an unlawful act. There is another article that is very clear. Anyone who abuses the freedom of expression with the purpose of undermining the basic democratic system shall be stripped of those fundamental rights. Even a phone call, if used to jeopardize what they consider a free democratic system, will lead to legal accountability and a denial of constitutional rights. What I mean to say is even in the countries that are considered modern and democratic; there are laws to protect the social institutions and the fabric of the society. A society is like a structure built on pillars. No one has the right to tear down one of the pillars because that will bring down the whole structure. No pretext, religious, political, economic or ideological would permit tampering with the basic structure of the institution. In Germany, the confidentiality of contacts, correspondence and phone calls is guaranteed. However, if any of them is used to fight against the basic free democratic system, that guarantee is annulled. One is stripped of those fundamental rights. That means that his phone is tapped. You could use your phone for any purpose you like; harass people, use foul language or even steal. But if you attack the social institutions, the right to privacy is annulled. Even your pets will be tapped. The right to property is also conditional upon respect for the basic free democratic system. If your house, store, vehicle or farm is used for the purpose of harming the social institution or the system of government, you would lose it. In the Western countries suspects have an electronic homing device implanted in their bodies. They are under surveillance every minute of the day because their activities threaten the society. Even the multi-party system has to observe those rules. The court can rule that any party is unconstitutional and ban its activities if its program is a threat to the free democratic system or to the existence of the republic. Therefore, no one can establish a political party in Germany if it is incompatible with its basic system. A call to regulate or change the party system in Germany would be accused of dictatorship. They say we have a democratic and constitutional order. These are two sides of the same coin. The society and its institutions are sacrosanct and cannot be tampered with. The laws are there to protect the society and its order. The order we have in Libya is the Jamahiriya of the people’s power. The faith is Islam and the doctrine is popular socialism. These are the pillars of the society. It is forbidden to attempt to shake or undermine them. In Germany you cannot establish a political party at whim. Haidar in Austria for instance, he established a party and was immediately told that his was a right wing, fascist party and that it would not be allowed to reach power. In France the same thing happened. So, while they speak of the freedom to form parties, they maintain that the parties that disrupt the established order are not allowed to come into existence. The system is free and democratic, but to attempt to destroy it and build something different in its place is not allowed. I have the German constitution in front of me. There is another article that deals with the freedom of worship. That freedom is guaranteed as long as it is compatible with public order and morality. In Switzerland it is forbidden to exercise a faith that runs counter to the public order and morality. In Switzerland where people seek asylum, measures are taken to protect the public order, social peace and to prevent the Church from infringing upon people’s rights. The Church in Switzerland cannot detract from the rights of the people or criticize the order of the State. Can someone call for German to be the sole official language in Switzerland? Of course not, because the constitution stipulates that the official languages are French, Italian and German. No archdiocese could be established on Swiss territory without the approval of the federation. The federal government lays down the rules that regulate radio and television and other mass media. The task of the media is to educate and entertain the viewers while taking into account the specific characteristics of the country and the special needs of the cantons. No radio station or newspaper can operate if it does not take the specific character of Switzerland into account. Switzerland is made up of four peoples that united together. German, French, Italian and Flemish peoples make up the country. It is forbidden to start a radio station that calls for the independence of the French or German part. The media in Switzerland must observe the public order and the character of the society. The freedom and independence of the media are guaranteed within the limits set in the article I just cited. Even in Switzerland, there are limits on the media. Citizens in Switzerland have the right to form political parties or associations provided that none of their goals or methods is illegal or constitute a threat to the state. The laws and regulations stipulate the measures necessary to deter the violation of these provisions. The Swiss constitution speaks of deterring anyone who might threaten the state. A Swiss citizen cannot receive anything from a foreign country. They cannot receive gifts, decorations or money. As a citizen of a state, it is forbidden to visit certain states. You have all heard of the case of Abdul Rahman Al-Amoudi; an Arab-American who is currently on trial. He is likely to be sentenced to one hundred years in jail because he visited Libya a number of times. A Swiss citizen cannot be deprived of his political rights unless he threatens the social institution. Some fools from the Third World go to seek asylum in Switzerland then proceed to demand things that are unheard of in that country. Of course they deport him immediately. He labors under the illusion that they will allow him to undermine Swiss institutions.

Birthday Message to Muammar Gaddafi and the Muslim Community Posted: 2011/06/07 From: Mathaba A special birthday message to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, also to the Muslim community at large, from an African American elder in the United States of America, on behalf of Black People in America Happy Birthday, Brother Leader Colonel Muammar Gaddafi!!I extend this Happy Birthday to you on behalf of all African-Americans [except, of course, Barack Obama] who, whether you know it, or believe it or not, are rooting for you!!  In the black barber shops and beauty shops, away from the ear-shot of their white American oppressors, they are on the edge of their seats, praying and agonizing over you, just as we prayed and agonized over the Vietnamese, until they finally, after 20 long hard years, won their war against the U.S. genocidal maniacs; praying to God that you will succeed in defending your country against the genocidal maniacs of the North Atrocities Terrorist Organization, just as the Vietnamese people won their war against the genocidal maniacs of the U.S. government! You have not lost anything!  You have not “lost” any children!  You have millions of children all over the planet.  Your children will never die! And you will never die.  Remember: Your name will go down in human history for all eternity!  You will be written about for as long as human beings inhabit the earth.  But the names of your oppressors will not be known.  They will be called only be their collective name: The Rats.  Yes, indeed, in the history books of tomorrow, when the students reach the chapter on the subject of NATO, Western countries, and the U.S., that chapter will be titled, The Rats. Barack Obama’s name will go down also, for as long as humans inhabit the earth.  His name will go down as the most shameful black man in world history — the man of African descent who rained bombs on Mother Africa, his ancestral home.  So, when his picture is shown in the history books, that picture will evoke hatred from the students.  It will evoke SHAME in black people, as they ponder over the utterly unbelievable fact that a descendant of Africa sold his soul to serve his white masters of Europe and the U.S., and became the only man in all human history to bomb Africa in the most intense, cruel, vicious, and genocidal manner that has ever occurred.  One wonders if he suffers from a typical disease that some black people, whether high or low, suffer: self-hatred in the face of what they perceive as the “superior” white nations.  Why else would he unleash such a furious war against African people?! No songs will be sung for Barack Obama!  No prayers will be said for his soul, except by the very righteous saints and monks, God bless them.  But, for you, songs will be sung in all lands of the earth.  Prayers will rise up to the heavens daily.  In fact, I call on all men, women, and children who support our beloved Brother Leader Colonel Gaddafi, to write and sing songs to him now, not before he leaves this earth!!  Now is the time to write and sing songs to, and for, Colonel Gaddafi!  Sing them in your villages and cities and towns and places of worship! I am not a Muslim.  But it is very easy for me to see that you, Colonel Gaddafi, are a Mujjahid!  You are a Reformer within this Age, and nobody can doubt it.  Maybe there exist other such Reformers.  But you are also as Reformer, somewhere near the top of the list! You elevated yourself above and far beyond the petty tribalism of Arab nationality.  In your love and your humanity and your sympathy, you embraced your suffering black African brethren, while your Arab brothers looked on in shock, wondering why you would extend your love, protection, and support of all kinds, including trillions of dollars, to black Africans. And the answer is that you believe in the sayings of your Prophet, whom you call Rasulallah!!  You believe in his Farewell Message, in which he stated that a red is no better than a white; a white is no better than a black.  We are all equal, except to the degree of our righteousness! How sad it is that the Arabs wonder at your love for black people!  They have forgotten, tragically, the love that Rasulallah had for Bilal.  They have forgotten the love that he had for Zaid.  They have forgotten that he was nursed by a Black woman. When they deride and despise black Africans, they deride and despise their Prophet!!!  When the Bengazi gangsters lynch a black African, they lynch their Prophet Muhammad. How amazing it is that, despite sometimes being rejected, you have remained a lover of those who despise you.  This is astonishing!  But, again, it is your love for Rasulallah, Prophet Muhammad, that created you in this manner. Were the Muslim world to practice Islam as you know it, the world religion today would, without a doubt, be Islam.  Because, everyone would be so attracted to it, due to your example.  I call on real Muslims, who can see; who have asked themselves the question, “Who are the Imams of this age?”  I will not answer that question for you.  But, I will say this: How many times in Muslim history have the mujjahids been murdered by “Muslims” themselves?  How many times in Muslim history have the mujjahids and saints and reformers been ridiculed, while they were alive? If you cannot see the Great Reforms that Colonel Gaddafi has made in this world, then I cannot answer the above question for you.  If you cannot see how Gaddafi helped to break the back of Apartheid in South Africa, as Nelson Mandella himself admitted, then I cannot answer the question for you.  If you cannot see how he transformed Libya into an oasis, with a man-made water supply that stands as a wonder of the world, then I cannot answer that question for you. If you cannot see how, at this moment, he has stood up against the most powerful and most vicious military command in history, I cannot answer that question for you.  If you are not familiar with the projects that he has done for the African and other people around the entire globe, I cannot answer that for you. But, if you can see.  If you fully understand what he has been responsible for in his short 69 years on this earth, then perhaps you will be able to answer the question yourselves. Who is a Mujadid today?  Does the mujjahid have long beards (the “bearded ones,” as Gaddafi calls them)?  Do they walk with their eyes half-closed, feigning piety and wisdom? Do they spend their days and nights in prayer and food?  Perhaps.  I do not know. But were I a Muslim, I would have to give serious consideration, in my mind, heart and soul, to the status of this man who is alive and walks with us.  It is one thing to recognize a Mujahid hundreds of years after he has gone.  But it is quite another thing to recognize one now; to lend him your support now.  He needs your help.  The time is crucial.  The time he needs your help is now.  Right now!!  Give him a real birthday present of material help against NATO I am glad that I have given him honors, and that I pray for him throughout the day.  What will the Africans and Arabs do?  What will the world do? I hope that they will come to his aide.  But, if they do not; and if they allow the NATO rats to destroy him and Libya, it will not change the power and status of Colonel Gaddafi.  In the history books of tomorrow, the only reason he might not be mentioned is because his influence will be seen as so large as to require his life and works to be compiled in 100 encycolopedias!  The Encyclopedias of Brother Leader Colonel Muamar Gaddafi!! Peace,Dennis # http://www.mathaba.net/news/qadhafi dennissouth1@yahoo.com

NATO says cannot do without U.S. participation on its illegal war against Libya Posted: 2011/06/22 From: Mathaba, http://www.mathaba.net/news/?x=627249

The white nations bankers army NATO continues to ignore all demands by the African Union to cease hostilities against Libya, it’s barbaric mission to assassinate Africa’s King of Kings under the guise of “protecting civilians” long exposed to the world (Mathaba) Cracks are increasing within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), dubbed the Northern Atrocities Terrorist Organization by its detractors, due to it’s failure to observe any laws in its all-out efforts to destroy Libya. So far NATOhas succeeded only in strengthening support for the popular Muammar Qaddafi, who was already Africa’s best known and most loved hero due to his having handed power to the people of Libya in 1977 after only eight years in power after seizing it from a corrupt monarchy, as well as his massive endeavours for African independence, wealth and development over the years.The former colonial powers, Britain and France, with the help of the United States of America, all three with dictatorship regimes which were opposed by the majority of voters but came into power and have embarked upon a war against Africa without any approval by parliament nor congress, have been waging a 96-day long bombing of Libya with already around 5,000 bombing missions.Had any African state launched just one single bombing mission, let alone five thousand, against any white nation, no doubt the uproar would have been deafening, however the white nations media have been mute for over 3 months, although thousands of civilians have already been killed including dozens of babies and small children, from NATO bombs.Only in the last few days, have the white nations’ media started to mention civilian casualties, and only because NATO itself was finally forced into admitting the fact.The killing of 3 baby grandchildren of Muammar Qaddafi, all aged under 2 years of age and one just 4 months old, by a direct bombing of his house on May 1st in an attempt to kill him, which also took the life of his youngest son, was conveniently ignored by the white nations media networks, because the US conveniently announced the “killing of Bin Laden” just half an hour later. Zuma visits Qaddafi Since then NATO has continued relentless bombing raids on the houses surrounding the area, as the elder Qaddafi has refused to cower and run or seek shelter, and remained in his home, where African heads of state such as South Africa’s Zuma have visited him to wish him well, and Russian Chess experts have come and played chess with him. NATO originally believed, as evidenced by pronouncements of the British dictator Prime Sinister Cameron, that the efforts to murder Qaddafi would take “at most two days”. 96 days later, NATO is now forced to try to win public opinion and funding for a war to last “at least until the end of September.” September is when people from around the world will converge on Libya for one of the World People’s Conferences on Crimes Against Humanity, an event that is expected to be held in 8 locations around the world simultaneously and continue for at least one month uninterrupted. It is also the month when Libya will celebrate the 43rd year of its freedom, and another significant event will take place, which the US and EU have already attempted to prevent by seizing billion of its billion start up assets fund: the inauguration of the African Monetary Fund, African Central Bank, and African Investment Bank. These financial institutions, backed by gold and not mere electrons or pieces of smelly American paper, are set to give Africa its long awaited economic freedom to say good bye to the so-called International Monetary Fund (IMF) known by its African detractors as the “International Mercenary Force” and also the World Bank, which is a private institution of elite banksters. The war against Libya also prevented the United Nations from awarding Muammar Qaddafi an exceptional recognition, which had been slated to be presented in March this year, for his contributions to human rights and freedoms. Libya is the first state in the world to ratify the Green Charter on Human Rights and Freedoms, which is the most advanced human rights document to date. Meanwhile, cracks continue to appear in Europe where participants in the bombing mission have questioned their ability to sustain it long-term, and NATO allies not currently taking part have been reluctant to offer support. At the same time, the fame of Qaddafi has grown exponentially outside Africa with hundreds of Facebook pages springing up in his support, and millions having discovered The Green Book which contains the solutions to the problem of democracy, economics and also puts forward suggestions for the social basis of a “Third Universal Theory” which puts people first. Whilst known by every man, woman and child across even the remotest of African villages, Muammar Qaddafi was virtually unknown by a young generation around the world outside Africa, because unlike in Africa where the bush telegraph functions effectively mouth to mouth, non-Africans have been wearing walkmans, Ipods and glued to TV screens for decades. All that is starting to change, after the short-lived euphoria for an Australian hacker by the name Julian Assange and WikiLeaks, who was exposed as being financed by New World Order advocate George Soros, caught the imagination of many young whites who identified with Assange as victimised for exposing governments as oppressive and secretive. Although Assange now sits since 6 months under luxury house arrest in a mansion in England, fighting extradition to Sweden on forced-sex charges, the rise of WikiLeaks, although suspiciously encouraged by the same banker-elite “new world order” media that are attempting to block any coverage of Qaddafi, showed that a young generation can still care about current issues. Whether they can be motivated to action, and moreover overcome an environmental racism and actually listen to Qaddafi, an African, Arab and Muslim, and realise that Qaddafi and the Green Charter Movement have the solution to their own problems no matter their religion or position, remains to be seen. So far the signs are encouraging, with already The Green Book ideas on democracy taking hold, with the formation of several People’s Conferences around the world. This lends analysts to believe, that coupled with the events later this year where millions may converge on Libya to rebuild the nation in solidarity and as atonement for what their governments have done, in the largest ever solidarity movement in history, this may turn around the world from war and toward peace, by showing what true love of fellow humans, and noble values and ideals can achieve. Already suggestions have been put forward for People’s Committees of various vocations and skills, such as cooks, engineers, electricians, and other fields of expertise, who may converge on Libya after September in order to undertake the organised reconstruction and building of a new “Jamahiriya” (state of the self-governing people), with daily hard work and celebrations and popular entertainment and enjoyment of good food in the evenings. Other spontaneous reactions to the atrocious massacres of civilians in Libya by bombs dropped from 10km high in the air, and missiles fired from ships far out at sea, as well as from pilot-less drone aircraft that are remote-controlled by computer operators in the USA, in the world’s most cowardly ever war against a defenceless nation, have included “visualization” and prayers. Those who have read the Green Charter and agree with the rights and freedoms it proclaims, have also registered their support by signing up to the independent social media network, Mathaba dot info, to engage in the Mathaba social concept of “Meeting And Talking/Typing/Texting Helping All Become Aware”, showing that there is no need to rely upon U.S. networks such as Facebook. A great many initiatives to highlight some of the many videos which show the truth about Libya have taken place by Internet users around the world, and there have been calls for all “Warriors, Builders, Angels and Callers” to do more to engage in the now growing options at their disposal to bring about required positive change in the world. The “Warriors” are those who have the skills in editing and reporting, and Mathaba set up a Publication Bridge to allow them to work together to ensure that truth reaches the world. Builders are now able to get to work to join and grow People’s Conferences to replace defunct government structures and failed democracy, Angels are invited to donate, and Callers to call others to join in. # http://www.mathaba.net/news/libya

Italian Prime Minister Berlusconi exposes NATO rifts over Libya PM of Italy: NATO Split Over Libya Posted: 2011/07/10 From: Mathaba TRIPOLI (mathaba) – Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi said on Thursday he was against NATO intervention in Libya but had to go along with it, an admission that he had been pressured because of closet skeletons regarding corruption and sexual improprieties, exposing the fragility of the alliance trying to murder Muammar Qaddafi.Muammar Qaddafi, leader of the International Green March of the Worldwide Revolutionary Committees Movement, who holds no government decision-making position within Libya, resigned from government after handing power to the people on March 2nd, 1977 after less than 8 years in power, having seized it from a corrupt Italian-installed king on 1st September 1969.In recent years, Muammar, whose supporters say he can never be killed as he resides within the hearts of countless millions of downtrodden in the world, was also crowned King of Kings of Africa by hundreds of traditional leaders, because of his service to Africa where he successfully campaigned for the creation of a Great African Unionas a step toward the United States of Africa.The current war in Libya was hatched by an outside conspiracy hatched between England and France, in a decision taken to murder the revolutionary leader due to his speech given at the United Nationsin New York on 23rd September 2009, in which he called for the UN to be democratized and moved to another location, as well as for the so-called Security Council to be abolished.Islamist Al-Qaida extremists, released from prisons by Seif-al-Islam al-Qaddafi over the heads of the People’s Committees, joined with officials that had been also been appointed by Seif-al-Islam bypassing the Basic People’s Conferences, including the Justice Minister who was subsequently placed under investigation for corruption, and other Libyans who had wrongfully been restored Libyan citizenship by the intervention of British-educated Seif, and who had recently returned from the United States and Britain, took control of Libya’s second largest city, Benghazi, with the coordination of French and British intelligence.During the past decade the Libyan revolutionary leader of the world wide international green march had been restricted by imperialist double-agents surrounding him, including Musa Kusa and Nouri ElMesmari, who also joined the conspiracy at the outset of the war on Libya, according to Mathaba sources who spoke to the Leader.The Leader had requested the Pakistani revolutionary committee during a visit in recent years, while his minders were at a distance out of ear-shot, to “tell the world that I have not changed, I am still a revolutionary, but I am imprisoned.”Speculation is rife among the historic and pure international revolutionary movement of Muammar Qaddafi that his son Seif-al-Islam was among those who were part of an agreement to restrict his freedom. Seif-al-Islam had befriended the global elite and is being accused of reactionism by the revolutionary movement of Muammar Qaddafi.NATO war-planes have been bombing Libya under the pretence of a U.N. mandate to “protect civilians”, but the alliance is under mounting strain because of the cost of the operation and the failure, after more than three months, to produce a decisive outcome.NATO has succeeded, in fulfilment of George Orwell’s “War is Peace, Ignorance is Strength, Slavery is Freedom” futuristic New World Order prediction, to murder Libyan babies, including 3 from the Qaddafi family, and tens of thousands of Libyan defence forces and civilians.The organisation, dubbed the Narcissistic Arrogant Terrorist Organization, which is the collection of white European and North American military forces, is being led by the former colonialist nations which once again are bankrupt after depleting the resources stolen from Africa which had artificially boosted the capitalist economy for the past century.Already the bankrupt NATO countries have stolen more than million ( billion) from Libya and plan to steal 144 tons of gold for which mercenaries and spies masked as journalists, humanitarians and experts, have been dispatched.As a result of the blatant false pretences of destroying all Libyan infrastructure, including by the use of depleted Uranium and the planned of use of nuclear weapons, in order to “protect civilians from Qaddafi”, 1.7 million Libyans — around one third of the entire population — came out in the world’s largest ever march on July 1st, shouting slogans against NATO and in support of Muammar Qaddafi.Because NATO has continued to bomb Africa’s most wealthy and strongest defence, with its longest coastline on the North of Africa, people around the world are now planning a “Ten Million Man Woman And Child International Green March”, to show support for the man who gave freedom and dignity to a nation and an entire continent, where his name is known by every child in the remotest of African villages. “I was against this measure (to bomb Libya),” Berlusconi said. “I had my hands tied by the vote of the parliament of my country. But I was against and I am against this intervention which will end in a way that no-one knows.” However, observers note that Berlusconi only made this pronouncement after 111 days of non-stop bombing failed to kill Muammar Qaddafi, who refused to leave Tripoli, in spite of several direct hits on his humble abode. They note that Italy now realizes it will have to pay tons of gold for any future oil supplies from Libya, upon which it depends, because Libyans are now solidly united behind their Leader. Many of the alliance bombing missions over Libya take off from military airbases in Italy as it is the closest point of NATO to Libya, and the operational command is being carried out by a Canadian war criminal from NATO’s Italy headquarters. There was no suggestion following Berlusconi’s comments that Rome would withdraw the use of the bases in spite of mounting calls to do so. But Defence Minister Ignazio La Russa said that the cost to Italy of the Libya operation would fall from 142 million euros in the first half of the year to less than 60 million euros in the second half as part of general defence spending cuts. He said after a cabinet meeting on Thursday the aircraft carrier Garibaldi with three aircraft on board had been withdrawn, and their tasks would be taken on by land-based aircraft. in oil and gas projects. Meanwhile, the U.S.-subservient South Korea Moon Sectarian U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon had the gall to “urge Gaddafi — who has dismissed rebels trying to end his four-decade rule as criminals and vermin — to listen to the will of the people.” Which part of the “Two Million Man Woman And Child Green March” does Ban Ki-Moon fail to understand? “We are far from reaching an agreement to reach an end to the conflict but the negotiating process is ongoing,” the U.N. Secretary General told reporters in Geneva. “He (Gaddafi) has to listen much more attentively and seriously what would be the best for the future of the Libyan people.” Future World People’s Conferences on Crimes Against Humanity are likely to set up a World People’s Tribunal to try the South Korean for his failure to carry out his duty for peace as head of an organisation that claims within its charter to conduct that role, because he refused to send fact-finding missions to Libya and conduct a proper research of the false allegations of the white colonial powers. Further, the United Nations has prevented the African Union Peace & Security Council from performing its mandated role, and has ignored all calls from Muammar Qaddafi for a cease-fire and end to the bombing of Libyans by NATO. The terrorists trying to advance towards the capital, Tripoli, launched offensives on two fronts on Wednesday and made “significant gains” according to foreign media that have been pushing this same line since the outset of the war, now couched by the added phrase “but analysts said the advances were not yet enough to shift the military balance against Qaddafi.” In the Western Mountains Southwest of Tripoli, the same NATO media that failed to report the largest march in history on Friday 1st July, reporting from the comfort of their Rixos Hotel claim that “fighters pushed pro-Gaddafi forces out of the village of Al-Qawalish, clearing the way for them to try to seize control of the main highway heading north to the capital.” Anti-Gaddafi terrorists received a “fresh diplomatic boost” when China sent a senior diplomat to meet the rebel leadership in the eastern Libyan city of Benghazi. The visit by Chen Xiaodong, China’s foreign ministry chief for North African affairs, was the second official meeting between China and Libyan opposition leaders in less than a month. “China believes that the present situation cannot go on and a political resolution to find a way out of the Libyan crisis must be found as soon as possible,” Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said at a regular news briefing in Beijing. There were reports this week that Gaddafi — under pressure from the five-month-old uprising against his rule, sanctions and the NATO bombing campaign — was seeking a deal under which he would step down. His government has denied any such negotiations are under way, and NATO’s chief, another individual facing the upcoming war crimes tribunal said he had no confirmation that Gaddafi was looking for a deal to relinquish power. Libya experts point out that this is something rather hard to do since he gave up all governing powers in 1977, and gave instructions to the international revolutionary committees movement that contain the green print for democracy. A Libyan official told Reuters on Wednesday there were signs a solution to the conflict could be found by early August, when the Muslim holy month of Ramadan begins. However, he did not say what that solution might involve. In response to the almost 2 million historic largest march in history which took place in Tripoli on Friday 1st, a few hundred mostly foreign Tunisians and Egyptians took to the streets in Benghazi and Misrata on Wednesday night, in a protest against Gaddafi, waving U.S., European, Islamist and monarchist flags and calling for the end to the life of Muammar Qaddafi. — Mathaba and Agencies # http://www.mathaba.net/news/libya

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Sunday, July 24, 2011

LIBYA : GREAT MAN MADE RIVER reason for NATO attack

BREAKING NEWS- IMPORTANT- NATO  are targeting the pipe factory of the Great Man Made River in the city of Brega, where pipes are manufactured to compensate for damaged pipes of the river, THE ONLY SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER and irrigation for  4.5 MILLION the people of Libya!!! IMMINENT HUMANITARIAN DISASTER!!!!! ALERT!!!ALERT!!!!

July 22 2011. A date for humanity to remember. NATO hit the Libyan water supply pipeline. It will take months to repair. Then on Saturday they hit the pipeline factory producing pipes to repair it.

Sine when is the water supply pipeline itself a legitimate target? 

Map of Great Man Made River

The Libyan  leader  Moammar Al Gaddafi informed members of the Security Council in his message that the alliance decided to carry out mass murder against the Libyan people by targeting their only drinking water source, where billions were invested and without it life stops in Libya. He wondered what’s the relation between this factory and the protection of civilians that NATO claims it is carrying out?

http://www.mathaba.net/news/?x=627659

  Muammer Al Gaddafi Visiting The Project

 

Mu’ammar al-Qathafi himself oversaw the construction of this huge project, brick by brick!

A unique Libyan project, the “Great Man Made River” has brought water from under the Sahara Desert and made it available to various historically parched areas which can now be cultivated and developed into a breadbasket for the region. The US-led international banking consortium is of course poised to seize this most valuable asset now that it is coming to fruition. Wars will be fought over access to water throughout the Arab land in coming years. Control of water could become even more decisive than petroleum reserves in decades to come.

Schematic map of the project. Designed in five phases, which eventually combine to form an integrated system, it is an estimated 25 years from completion.

 

The Great Man-Made River is a network of pipes that supplies water to the Sahara Desert in Libya, from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System fossil aquifer. It is the world’s largest irrigation project. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Manmade_River

It is the largest underground network of pipes and aqueducts in the world. It consists of more than 1,300 wells, most more than 500 m deep, and supplies 6,500,000 m³ of fresh water per day to the cities of Tripoli, Benghazi, Sirt and elsewhere. Muammar al-Gaddafi has described it as the “Eighth Wonder of the World.”

http://chaoticfate.blogspot.com/2011/03/real-story-of-why-un-went-to-war-with.html

Gaddafi-Central Bank used billion, without interest rates, to build the Great Man-Made River  with three parallel pipelines running oil, gas and water supplying 70% of the people (4.5 of its 6 million) with clean drinking and irrigation water. This provides adequate crops for the people and would be a competitive exporter of vegetables with ISRAEL and Egypt.

Great Man made River Project facts:

These are some Facts and Figures about GMRA :
– Approximately 500,000 pre-stressed concrete cylinder pipes have been manufactured to date.
– Approximately 500,000 pipes transported to date. Pipe transportation is continuous process and the work goes on day and night, distance traveled by the transporters is equivalent to the sun and back.
– Over 3,700 km of haul roads was constructed alongside the pipe line trench
to enable the heavy truck — trailers to deliver pipe to the installation site Phase I Total Length 1,600 Km.
Phase II Total Length 2,155 Km.
– Volume of Trench Excavation 250 Million Cubic Meter.
– The amount of aggregate used in the project : 30,000,000 Ton.
Enough to Build 20 pyramids the size of the great pyramid of Khoufu.
– Total Weight of Cement used 7.0 Million Tones.
– Total Length of Pre-Stressing Wire 6.0 Million Kilometers
This would circle the Earth 280 times. http://libyanpeoplesbureau.com/manmaderiver.html

  Thousands of Pipes Were Used

The SECRET MOTIVE: why the UN declared war on Libya. DESTABILIZATION. They did NOT attack Gaddafi, They attacked Africa’s Fresh Water Supply.

“The West refuses to recognize that a small country, with a population no more than six million, can construct anything so large without borrowing a single cent from the international banks.”

—

“The goal of the Libyan Arab people, embodied in the Great Man-Made River project, is to make Libya a source of agricultural abundance, capable of producing adequate food and water to supply its own needs and to share with neighboring countries. In short, the River is literally Libya’s ‘meal ticket’ to self-sufficiency.”

“the river is a new lesson and an example in the struggle to achieve self-sufficiency, food security and true independence. No nation that depends on a foreign country to feed its people can be free. The Great River is a triumph against thirst and hunger. It is a defeat against ignorance and backwardness. It reflects the determination of Libyans to resist colonial pressure, to acquire technology, to develop, to improve their lives, and to control their own destiny in accordance with their own free will.”

 LIBYA WATER

—

http://chaoticfate.blogspot.com/2011/03/real-story-of-why-un-went-to-war-with.html

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Since when is a water pipes factory in al-Brega a legitimate target to impose a no-fly zone to protect civilians? Sine when is the water supply pipeline itself a legitimate target?

NATO SONS OF DEVIL MAKE THIS IN LIBYA  !!!

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this maybe as close as we ever to get the real reasons why Libya gets a NFZ that i doubt any other countries will have to put up with..all constructed without borrowing a cent..thats must really piss off the usury loving roths..now..if you have time..go and look where the attacks are taking place..and remember they hit a “southern” compound of gaddafis..why would he have a south compound in the desert?..maybe they were instead hitting the GMR stations?..food for thought methinks..

http://seeker401.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/libyas-great-manmade-river-is-this-the-real-reason-to-attack/

Posted by S.O.S.  at 14:19 23 JULY 2011

Introduction to “MY VISION” by Muammar Gadhafi, ed. Edmond Jouve, 08-2009

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FULL 05:01 47 chinese-2008-01-29-Chinese 24 FULL 48:17 48 chinese-2008-01-29-Chinese 25 FULL 02:24 49 chinese-2008-01-29-Chinese 26 FULL 38:36 50 chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese 10 FULL 29:22 51 chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese 27 FULL 03:27 52 chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese 28 FULL 07:37 53 chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese 29 FULL 09:06 54 chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese 30 FULL 07:09 55 chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese 31 FULL 09:45 56 chinese-2010-04-11-Chinese 14 FULL 01:19:28 57 chinese-2010-05-02-Chinese 32 FULL 32:18 58 chinese-2010-05-02-Chinese 33 FULL 05:55 59 chinese-2010-05-02-Chinese 34 FULL 32:25 60 english-2007-08-26-English 10 FULL 28:31 61 english-2007-08-26-English 11 FULL 01:12:41 62 english-2007-08-26-English 12 FULL 47:46 63 english-2007-08-26-English 13 FULL 08:04 64 english-2007-08-26-English 14 FULL 03:45 65 english-2007-08-26-English 15 FULL 01:46 66 english-2007-08-26-English 18 FULL 03:29 67 english-2007-08-26-English 19 FULL 09:00 68 english-2007-08-26-English 20 FULL 03:23 69 english-2007-08-26-English 21 FULL 01:17 70 english-2007-08-26-English 22A FULL 01:41 71 english-2007-08-26-English 22B FULL 03:47 72 english-2007-08-26-English 22C FULL 14:34 73 english-2007-08-26-English 23 FULL 08:03 74 english-2007-08-26-English 2 FULL 53:51 75 english-2007-08-26-English 3 FULL 30:13 76 english-2007-08-26-English 4 FULL 15:46 77 english-2007-08-26-English 5 FULL 08:36 78 english-2007-08-26-English 6 FULL 13:23 79 english-2007-08-26-English 7 FULL 23:27 80 english-2007-08-26-English 8 FULL 22:00 81 english-2007-08-26-English 9 FULL 32:37 82 english-2007-11-01-English 16 FULL 05:50 83 english-2007-11-01-English 17 FULL 04:02 84 english-2007-11-21-ottawa 35:26 85 english-2007-11-24-Cambridge 01:53 86 english-2009-05-19-English 26 FULL 20:03 87 english-2009-05-25-English 27 FULL 02:17 88 english-2009-05-25-English 28 FULL 05:08 89 english-2009-05-25-English 29 FULL 06:20 90 english-2009-05-25-English 30 FULL 06:02 91 english-2009-05-25-English 31 FULL 34:17 92 english-2010-02-07-English 1 FULL 04:29 93 english-2010-03-27-English 32 FULL 21:47 94 english-2010-03-27-English 33 FULL 53:15 95 english-2010-03-27-English 34 FULL 50:18 96 french-2007-08-27-French 10 FULL 25:23 97 french-2007-08-27-French 11 FULL 01:29:35 98 french-2007-08-27-French 12 FULL 01:16:39 99 french-2007-08-27-French 13 FULL 08:21 100 french-2007-08-27-French 14 FULL 04:57 101 french-2007-08-27-French 15 FULL 40:33 102 french-2007-08-27-French 16 FULL 08:55 103 french-2007-08-27-French 17 FULL 02:27 104 french-2007-08-27-French 18 FULL 05:21 105 french-2007-08-27-French 19 FULL 26:33 106 french-2007-08-27-French 1 FULL 12:44 107 french-2007-08-27-French 20 FULL 09:23 108 french-2007-08-27-French 21 FULL 01:20 109 french-2007-08-27-French 22A FULL 02:00 110 french-2007-08-27-French 22B FULL 04:41 111 french-2007-08-27-French 22C FULL 07:39 112 french-2007-08-27-French 23 FULL 09:21 113 french-2007-08-27-French 2 FULL 55:36 114 french-2007-08-27-French 3 FULL 28:00 115 french-2007-08-27-French 4 FULL 18:48 116 french-2007-08-27-French 5 FULL 10:16 117 french-2007-08-27-French 6 FULL 13:34 118 french-2007-08-27-French 7 FULL 26:31 119 french-2007-08-27-French 8 FULL 33:04 120 french-2007-08-27-French 9 FULL 01:41 121 french-2008-05-15-French 28 FULL 01:53 122 french-2008-05-17-French 26 FULL 24:05 123 french-2009-05-10-French 29 FULL 02:47 124 french-2009-06-10-French 30 FULL 05:57 125 french-2009-06-10-French 31 FULL 07:23 126 french-2009-06-13-French 32 FULL 05:28 127 french-2009-06-13-French 33 FULL 03:58 128 french-2010-04-13-French 24 FULL 49:52 129 french-2010-04-13-French 25 FULL 01:18:26 130 french-2010-04-22-French 34 FULL 28:32 131 french-2010-04-22-French 35 FULL 05:25 132 french-2010-04-22-French 36 FULL 07:21 133 german-2007-08-29-German 1 FULL 02:42 134 german-2007-08-29-German 2 FULL 01:17:20 135 german-2007-08-29-German 3 FULL 50:41 136 german-2007-08-31-German 10 FULL 43:32 137 german-2007-08-31-German 11 FULL 02:55 138 german-2007-08-31-German 12 FULL 03:35 139 german-2007-08-31-German 13 FULL 01:29 140 german-2007-08-31-German 14 FULL 05:12 141 german-2007-08-31-German 15 FULL 02:49 142 german-2007-08-31-German 16 FULL 08:34 143 german-2007-08-31-German 17 FULL 02:15 144 german-2007-08-31-German 18 FULL 05:19 145 german-2007-08-31-German 19 FULL 02:42 146 german-2007-08-31-German 20 FULL 02:50 147 german-2007-08-31-German 21 FULL 06:38 148 german-2007-08-31-German 22A FULL 02:36 149 german-2007-08-31-German 22B FULL 03:01 150 german-2007-08-31-German 22C FULL 06:07 151 german-2007-08-31-German 23 FULL 08:43 152 german-2007-08-31-German 24 Sport FULL 05:11 153 german-2007-08-31-German 25 Charter FULL 46:08 154 german-2007-08-31-German 4 FULL 22:56 155 german-2007-08-31-German 5 FULL 12:36 156 german-2007-08-31-German 6 FULL 18:51 157 german-2007-08-31-German 7 FULL 31:48 158 german-2007-08-31-German 8 FULL 31:43 159 german-2007-08-31-German 9 FULL 05:25 160 german-2008-04-26-German 26 FULL 06:20 161 german-2008-04-26-German 27 FULL 02:20 162 german-2008-04-26-German 28 FULL 02:41 163 german-2009-06-14-German 30 FULL 05:42 164 german-2009-06-14-German 31 FULL 07:16 165 german-2009-06-15-German 32 FULL 05:02 166 german-2009-06-15-German 33 FULL 24:29 167 german-2010-04-13-German 29 FULL 01:07:11 168 german-2010-07-18-German 34 FULL 28:19 169 german-2010-07-18-German 35 FULL 05:33 170 german-2010-07-18-German 36 FULL 02:59 171 japanese-2010-03-08-cat 03 05 Japanese 06:10 172 japanese-2010-03-08-cat 03 06 Japanese 02:35 173 japanese-2010-03-08-cat 1 3 Japanese 03:25 174 japanese-2010-03-08-cat 1 4 Japanese 08:40 175 japanese-2010-03-08-cat 1 6 Japanese 09:57 176 japanese-2010-03-13-cat 03 04 Japanese 16:05 177 japanese-2010-03-13-cat 03 07 Japanese 09:21 178 japanese-2010-03-13-cat 1 7 Japanese 09:09 179 japanese-2010-03-13-cat 1 8 Japanese 17:04 180 japanese-2010-03-15-cat 01 01 Japanese 15:46 181 japanese-2010-03-17-cat 01 05 Japanese 15:09 182 japanese-2010-03-17-cat 03 01 Japanese 12:16 183 japanese-2010-03-17-cat 03 08 Japanese 12:59 184 japanese-2010-03-17-cat 03 09 Japanese 23:51 185 japanese-2010-03-18-cat 01 06 Japanese 26:43 186 japanese-2010-03-22-cat 01 04 Japanese 30:16 187 japanese-2010-03-22-cat 03 10 Japanese 37:24 188 japanese-2010-03-25-cat 02 01 Japanese 35:38 189 japanese-2010-03-25-cat 02 02 Japanese 58:33 190 japanese-2010-03-25-cat 02 03 Japanese 50:20 191 japanese-2010-03-25-cat 02 04 Japanese 39:32 192 japanese-2010-03-25-cat 02 06 Japanese 56:19 193 japanese-2010-03-25-cat 03 03 Japanese 37:11 194 japanese-2010-03-25-cat 1 5 Japanese 01:24:55 195 japanese-2010-04-01-cat 01 02 Japanese 02:09:14 196 japanese-2010-04-01-cat 02 05 Japanese 01:32:17 197 japanese-2010-04-01-cat 1 9 Japanese 56:33 198 japanese-2010-04-07-01 Japanese 52:12 199 japanese-2010-04-07-cat 01 03 Japanese 07:17 200 japanese-2010-04-07-cat 03 02 Japanese 55:17 201 japanese-2010-04-07-cat 1 10 Japanese 05:33 202 japanese-2010-04-07-cat 1 1 Japanese 01:05:25 203 japanese-2010-04-07-cat 1 2 Japanese 03:27 204 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 1 08:51 205 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 11 02:37 206 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 12 05:17 207 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 13 13:00 208 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 14 01:47 209 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 15 02:30 210 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 16 05:42 211 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 17 05:38 212 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 2 11:38 213 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 3 20:51 214 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 4 11:44 215 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 8 05:30 216 portuguese-2008-06-04-POR 9 46:29 217 portuguese-2008-06-05-POR 10 19:55 218 portuguese-2008-06-05-POR 5 42:42 219 portuguese-2008-06-05-POR 6 01:51:14 220 portuguese-2008-06-07-POR 7 31:04 221 portuguese-2008-08-30-POR 19 31:13 222 portuguese-2008-08-30-POR 20 41:48 223 portuguese-2008-09-11-POR 18 42:24 224 portuguese-2008-09-11-POR 21 51:42 225 portuguese-2008-12-23-POR 22 23:43 226 portuguese-2008-12-23-POR 26 01:14:46 227 portuguese-2008-12-23-POR 27 47:21 228 portuguese-2009-06-01-POR 23 25:49 229 portuguese-2009-06-02-POR 24 02:29 230 portuguese-2009-06-03-POR 25 00:39 231 portuguese-2009-06-09-POR 28 10:41 232 portuguese-2009-10-12-POR 29 06:32 233 portuguese-2010-08-16-POR 30 08:29 234 portuguese-2010-08-16-POR 31 06:54 235 portuguese-2010-08-16-POR 32 05:56 236 portuguese-2010-08-16-POR 33 40:10 237 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 10 FULL 34:34 238 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 11 FULL 01:21:40 239 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 12 FULL 02:35 240 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 13 FULL 09:17 241 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 14 FULL 03:45 242 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 15 FULL 32:15 243 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 16 FULL 06:46 244 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 17 FULL 02:10 245 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 18 FULL 03:47 246 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 19 FULL 24:44 247 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 1 FULL 08:34 248 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 21 FULL 04:17 249 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 22A FULL 01:16 250 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 22B FULL 02:02 251 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 22C FULL 17:09 252 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 23 FULL 09:39 253 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 2 FULL 00:19 254 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 3 FULL 33:13 255 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 4 FULL 17:43 256 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 5 FULL 09:10 257 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 6 FULL 13:40 258 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 7 FULL 21:34 259 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 8 FULL 23:23 260 russian-2007-08-28-Russian 9 FULL 10:35 261 russian-2007-11-03-Russian 20 FULL 04:47 262 russian-2008-01-29-Russian 24 FULL 39:16 263 russian-2008-01-29-Russian 25 FULL 02:10 264 russian-2008-01-29-Russian 26 FULL 25:37 265 russian-2009-05-03-Russian 27 FULL 02:46 266 russian-2009-06-25-Russian 28 FULL 06:32 267 russian-2009-06-25-Russian 29 FULL 07:48 268 russian-2009-06-27-Russian 30 FULL 06:58 269 russian-2009-06-27-Russian 31 FULL 01:07:50 270 russian-2010-03-30-Russian 32 FULL 31:46 271 russian-2010-03-30-Russian 33 FULL 05:05 272 russian-2010-03-30-Russian 34 FULL 32:58 273 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 10 FULL 32:33 274 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 11 FULL 01:23:56 275 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 12 FULL 25:25 276 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 13 FULL 08:20 277 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 14 FULL 04:11 278 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 15 FULL 39:11 279 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 16 FULL 06:25 280 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 17 FULL 02:09 281 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 18 FULL 04:20 282 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 19 FULL 36:23 283 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 1 FULL 10:22 284 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 20 FULL 08:15 285 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 21 FULL 01:28 286 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 22A FULL 01:58 287 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 22B FULL 04:26 288 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 22C FULL 08:26 289 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 2 FULL 02:46 290 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 3 FULL 02:48 291 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 4 FULL 15:55 292 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 5 FULL 09:02 293 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 6 FULL 13:57 294 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 7 FULL 22:31 295 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 8 FULL 24:55 296 spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish 9 FULL 05:09 297 spanish-2008-04-24-Spanish 24C FULL 48:01 298 spanish-2008-04-24-Spanish 25C FULL 02:29 299 spanish-2008-04-24-Spanish 26C FULL 02:09 300 spanish-2009-05-25-Spanish 28C FULL 03:11 301 spanish-2009-06-14-Spanish 27C FULL 06:45 302 spanish-2009-06-14-Spanish 29C FULL 08:39 303 spanish-2009-06-14-Spanish 30C FULL 06:25 304 spanish-2009-06-14-Spanish 31C FULL 19:19 305 spanish-2010-04-20-Spanish 23C FULL ✩ Prefer flash? · Embed · Questions/Feedback?✩ This item is part of the collection: The Archive Team Just In Time Grabs Identifier: algathafi-org-audio-video-201108 Date: 2011-08 Mediatype: web Publicdate: 2011-10-07 11:20:10 Addeddate: 2011-10-07 11:20:10 Individual Files Audio Files VBR MP3 Ogg Vorbis arabic-2007-08-26-africa.mp3 6.1 MB  4.0 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-akrad.mp3 6.2 MB  4.0 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-arab.mp3 13.7 MB  8.8 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-bayolege.mp3 2.9 MB  1.8 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-earth.mp3 11.0 MB  7.2 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-fifa.mp3 13.1 MB  8.6 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-international-criminal.mp3 23.8 MB  15.6 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-kashmer.mp3 15.1 MB  9.7 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-korea.mp3 7.6 MB  4.9 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-letter.mp3 20.9 MB  13.7 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-sport.mp3 10.3 MB  6.7 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-terromrism.mp3 24.2 MB  15.6 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-turkya.mp3 11.3 MB  7.2 MB  arabic-2007-08-26-white-book.mp3 51.0 MB  32.0 MB  arabic-2007-11-05-ottawa.mp3 6.0 MB  3.2 MB  arabic-2007-11-23-tt.mp3 2.8 MB  1.5 MB  arabic-2008-12-29-pakistan.mp3 4.2 MB  2.7 MB  arabic-2008-12-29-russia.mp3 8.7 MB  5.5 MB  arabic-2009-01-05-International.mp3 1.5 MB  1.8 MB  arabic-2009-04-29-Ukraine.mp3 8.0 MB  4.8 MB  arabic-2010-03-11-chinese.mp3 7.9 MB  4.7 MB  arabic-2010-08-18-Seas.mp3 3.9 MB  1.7 MB  arabic-2010-12-09-pole.mp3 7.8 MB  4.7 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_11_FULL.mp3 35.2 MB  19.5 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_12_FULL.mp3 83.6 MB  46.6 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_13_FULL.mp3 55.9 MB  31.1 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_15_FULL.mp3 4.5 MB  2.5 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_16_FULL.mp3 37.5 MB  20.6 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_17_FULL.mp3 6.5 MB  3.6 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_18_FULL.mp3 2.0 MB  1.1 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_19_FULL.mp3 4.0 MB  2.2 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_1_FULL.mp3 35.4 MB  19.6 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_20_FULL.mp3 10.1 MB  5.7 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_21_FULL.mp3 8.1 MB  4.5 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_22A_FULL.mp3 1.2 MB  708.7 KB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_22B_FULL.mp3 1.9 MB  1.1 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_22C_FULL.mp3 4.0 MB  2.2 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_23_FULL.mp3 17.3 MB  9.5 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_2_FULL.mp3 11.1 MB  6.2 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_3_FULL.mp3 71.9 MB  39.5 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_4_FULL.mp3 37.2 MB  20.2 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_5_FULL.mp3 17.3 MB  9.5 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_6_FULL.mp3 8.1 MB  4.5 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_7_FULL.mp3 11.5 MB  6.4 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_8_FULL.mp3 23.1 MB  12.7 MB  chinese-2007-08-27-Chinese_9_FULL.mp3 22.6 MB  12.6 MB  chinese-2008-01-29-Chinese_24_FULL.mp3 5.7 MB  2.7 MB  chinese-2008-01-29-Chinese_25_FULL.mp3 55.3 MB  25.8 MB  chinese-2008-01-29-Chinese_26_FULL.mp3 2.8 MB  1.3 MB  chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese_10_FULL.mp3 26.5 MB  19.2 MB  chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese_27_FULL.mp3 40.3 MB  15.8 MB  chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese_28_FULL.mp3 4.7 MB  1.9 MB  chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese_29_FULL.mp3 10.5 MB  4.1 MB  chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese_30_FULL.mp3 12.5 MB  4.9 MB  chinese-2009-06-15-Chinese_31_FULL.mp3 9.8 MB  3.8 MB  chinese-2010-04-11-Chinese_14_FULL.mp3 8.9 MB  5.0 MB  chinese-2010-05-02-Chinese_32_FULL.mp3 124.5 MB  42.7 MB  chinese-2010-05-02-Chinese_33_FULL.mp3 51.6 MB  17.3 MB  chinese-2010-05-02-Chinese_34_FULL.mp3 9.4 MB  3.2 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_10_FULL.mp3 29.7 MB  16.7 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_11_FULL.mp3 26.1 MB  14.9 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_12_FULL.mp3 66.5 MB  36.9 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_13_FULL.mp3 43.7 MB  24.5 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_14_FULL.mp3 7.4 MB  4.2 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_15_FULL.mp3 3.4 MB  1.9 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_18_FULL.mp3 1.6 MB  947.5 KB  english-2007-08-26-English_19_FULL.mp3 3.2 MB  1.8 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_20_FULL.mp3 8.2 MB  4.7 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_21_FULL.mp3 3.1 MB  1.8 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_22A_FULL.mp3 1.2 MB  673.3 KB  english-2007-08-26-English_22B_FULL.mp3 1.5 MB  897.9 KB  english-2007-08-26-English_22C_FULL.mp3 3.5 MB  2.0 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_23_FULL.mp3 13.3 MB  7.5 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_2_FULL.mp3 7.4 MB  4.1 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_3_FULL.mp3 49.3 MB  27.6 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_4_FULL.mp3 27.7 MB  15.5 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_5_FULL.mp3 14.4 MB  8.2 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_6_FULL.mp3 7.9 MB  4.4 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_7_FULL.mp3 12.2 MB  6.8 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_8_FULL.mp3 21.5 MB  12.0 MB  english-2007-08-26-English_9_FULL.mp3 20.1 MB  11.2 MB  english-2007-11-01-English_16_FULL.mp3 22.4 MB  16.4 MB  english-2007-11-01-English_17_FULL.mp3 4.1 MB  3.0 MB  english-2007-11-21-ottawa.mp3 4.6 MB  2.2 MB  english-2007-11-24-Cambridge.mp3 40.5 MB  19.4 MB  english-2009-05-19-English_26_FULL.mp3 2.2 MB  1.0 MB  english-2009-05-25-English_27_FULL.mp3 27.5 MB  10.9 MB  english-2009-05-25-English_28_FULL.mp3 3.1 MB  1.2 MB  english-2009-05-25-English_29_FULL.mp3 7.1 MB  2.8 MB  english-2009-05-25-English_30_FULL.mp3 8.7 MB  3.5 MB  english-2009-05-25-English_31_FULL.mp3 8.3 MB  3.3 MB  english-2010-02-07-English_1_FULL.mp3 23.5 MB  17.3 MB  english-2010-03-27-English_32_FULL.mp3 7.5 MB  2.5 MB  english-2010-03-27-English_33_FULL.mp3 36.6 MB  12.1 MB  english-2010-03-27-English_34_FULL.mp3 90.6 MB  29.8 MB  french-2007-08-27-French_10_FULL.mp3 46.1 MB  25.4 MB  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5.6 MB  3.2 MB  german-2007-08-31-German_24_Sport_FULL.mp3 8.0 MB  4.5 MB  german-2007-08-31-German_25_Charter_FULL.mp3 4.7 MB  2.7 MB  german-2007-08-31-German_4_FULL.mp3 42.2 MB  24.6 MB  german-2007-08-31-German_5_FULL.mp3 21.0 MB  12.3 MB  german-2007-08-31-German_6_FULL.mp3 11.5 MB  6.7 MB  german-2007-08-31-German_7_FULL.mp3 17.3 MB  9.9 MB  german-2007-08-31-German_8_FULL.mp3 29.1 MB  16.9 MB  german-2007-08-31-German_9_FULL.mp3 29.0 MB  16.9 MB  german-2008-04-26-German_26_FULL.mp3 6.2 MB  3.1 MB  german-2008-04-26-German_27_FULL.mp3 7.2 MB  3.5 MB  german-2008-04-26-German_28_FULL.mp3 1.3 MB  1.3 MB  german-2009-06-14-German_30_FULL.mp3 3.7 MB  1.5 MB  german-2009-06-14-German_31_FULL.mp3 7.8 MB  3.2 MB  german-2009-06-15-German_32_FULL.mp3 10.0 MB  4.0 MB  german-2009-06-15-German_33_FULL.mp3 6.9 MB  2.8 MB  german-2010-04-13-German_29_FULL.mp3 33.6 MB  14.0 MB  german-2010-07-18-German_34_FULL.mp3 120.7 MB  37.2 MB  german-2010-07-18-German_35_FULL.mp3 50.7 MB  15.9 MB  german-2010-07-18-German_36_FULL.mp3 10.0 MB  3.1 MB  japanese-2010-03-08-cat_03_05_Japanese.mp3 2.7 MB  2.0 MB  japanese-2010-03-08-cat_03_06_Japanese.mp3 5.7 MB  4.1 MB  japanese-2010-03-08-cat_1_3_Japanese.mp3 2.4 MB  1.8 MB  japanese-2010-03-08-cat_1_4_Japanese.mp3 3.1 MB  2.3 MB  japanese-2010-03-08-cat_1_6_Japanese.mp3 7.9 MB  5.9 MB  japanese-2010-03-13-cat_03_04_Japanese.mp3 9.1 MB  6.5 MB  japanese-2010-03-13-cat_03_07_Japanese.mp3 14.7 MB  10.7 MB  japanese-2010-03-13-cat_1_7_Japanese.mp3 8.6 MB  6.1 MB  japanese-2010-03-13-cat_1_8_Japanese.mp3 8.4 MB  6.3 MB  japanese-2010-03-15-cat_01_01_Japanese.mp3 15.6 MB  11.1 MB  japanese-2010-03-17-cat_01_05_Japanese.mp3 14.4 MB  10.5 MB  japanese-2010-03-17-cat_03_01_Japanese.mp3 13.9 MB  10.1 MB  japanese-2010-03-17-cat_03_08_Japanese.mp3 11.2 MB  8.3 MB  japanese-2010-03-17-cat_03_09_Japanese.mp3 11.9 MB  8.9 MB  japanese-2010-03-18-cat_01_06_Japanese.mp3 21.8 MB  15.8 MB  japanese-2010-03-22-cat_01_04_Japanese.mp3 24.5 MB  17.5 MB  japanese-2010-03-22-cat_03_10_Japanese.mp3 27.7 MB  19.8 MB  japanese-2010-03-25-cat_02_01_Japanese.mp3 34.2 MB  24.6 MB  japanese-2010-03-25-cat_02_02_Japanese.mp3 32.6 MB  23.5 MB  japanese-2010-03-25-cat_02_03_Japanese.mp3 53.6 MB  39.0 MB  japanese-2010-03-25-cat_02_04_Japanese.mp3 46.1 MB  33.5 MB  japanese-2010-03-25-cat_02_06_Japanese.mp3 36.2 MB  26.1 MB  japanese-2010-03-25-cat_03_03_Japanese.mp3 51.6 MB  37.4 MB  japanese-2010-03-25-cat_1_5_Japanese.mp3 34.0 MB  24.8 MB  japanese-2010-04-01-cat_01_02_Japanese.mp3 77.7 MB  55.6 MB  japanese-2010-04-01-cat_02_05_Japanese.mp3 118.3 MB  84.2 MB  japanese-2010-04-01-cat_1_9_Japanese.mp3 84.5 MB  60.9 MB  japanese-2010-04-07-01_Japanese.mp3 51.8 MB  38.2 MB  japanese-2010-04-07-cat_01_03_Japanese.mp3 47.8 MB  34.5 MB  japanese-2010-04-07-cat_03_02_Japanese.mp3 6.7 MB  4.7 MB  japanese-2010-04-07-cat_1_10_Japanese.mp3 50.6 MB  37.1 MB  japanese-2010-04-07-cat_1_1_Japanese.mp3 5.1 MB  3.7 MB  japanese-2010-04-07-cat_1_2_Japanese.mp3 59.9 MB  43.2 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_1.mp3 3.9 MB  1.9 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_11.mp3 10.1 MB  4.9 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_12.mp3 3.0 MB  1.4 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_13.mp3 6.0 MB  2.9 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_14.mp3 14.9 MB  7.1 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_15.mp3 2.0 MB  1,011.5 KB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_16.mp3 2.9 MB  1.4 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_17.mp3 6.5 MB  3.1 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_2.mp3 6.5 MB  3.1 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_3.mp3 13.3 MB  6.5 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_4.mp3 23.9 MB  11.6 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_8.mp3 13.4 MB  6.4 MB  portuguese-2008-06-04-POR_9.mp3 6.3 MB  3.0 MB  portuguese-2008-06-05-POR_10.mp3 53.2 MB  6.5 MB  portuguese-2008-06-05-POR_5.mp3 22.8 MB  11.0 MB  portuguese-2008-06-05-POR_6.mp3 48.9 MB  23.6 MB  portuguese-2008-06-07-POR_7.mp3 127.3 MB  62.5 MB  portuguese-2008-08-30-POR_19.mp3 35.5 MB  17.3 MB  portuguese-2008-08-30-POR_20.mp3 35.7 MB  17.5 MB  portuguese-2008-09-11-POR_18.mp3 47.8 MB  22.9 MB  portuguese-2008-09-11-POR_21.mp3 48.5 MB  23.3 MB  portuguese-2008-12-23-POR_22.mp3 59.2 MB  28.7 MB  portuguese-2008-12-23-POR_26.mp3 27.1 MB  13.0 MB  portuguese-2008-12-23-POR_27.mp3 85.6 MB  41.3 MB  portuguese-2009-06-01-POR_23.mp3 54.2 MB  25.9 MB  portuguese-2009-06-02-POR_24.mp3 29.5 MB  14.3 MB  portuguese-2009-06-03-POR_25.mp3 2.8 MB  1.4 MB  portuguese-2009-06-09-POR_28.mp3 769.9 KB  386.8 KB  portuguese-2009-10-12-POR_29.mp3 12.2 MB  6.0 MB  portuguese-2010-08-16-POR_30.mp3 9.0 MB  2.0 MB  portuguese-2010-08-16-POR_31.mp3 11.6 MB  2.0 MB  portuguese-2010-08-16-POR_32.mp3 9.5 MB  678.9 KB  portuguese-2010-08-16-POR_33.mp3 8.2 MB  438.3 KB  russian-2007-08-28-Russian_10_FULL.mp3 36.8 MB  20.7 MB  russian-2007-08-28-Russian_11_FULL.mp3 31.6 MB  17.9 MB  russian-2007-08-28-Russian_12_FULL.mp3 74.8 MB  41.4 MB  russian-2007-08-28-Russian_13_FULL.mp3 2.4 MB  1.4 MB  russian-2007-08-28-Russian_14_FULL.mp3 8.5 MB  4.9 MB  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MB  russian-2007-08-28-Russian_9_FULL.mp3 21.4 MB  12.1 MB  russian-2007-11-03-Russian_20_FULL.mp3 9.7 MB  5.7 MB  russian-2008-01-29-Russian_24_FULL.mp3 5.5 MB  2.7 MB  russian-2008-01-29-Russian_25_FULL.mp3 44.9 MB  22.5 MB  russian-2008-01-29-Russian_26_FULL.mp3 2.5 MB  1.3 MB  russian-2009-05-03-Russian_27_FULL.mp3 35.2 MB  14.9 MB  russian-2009-06-25-Russian_28_FULL.mp3 3.8 MB  1.5 MB  russian-2009-06-25-Russian_29_FULL.mp3 9.0 MB  3.7 MB  russian-2009-06-27-Russian_30_FULL.mp3 10.7 MB  4.3 MB  russian-2009-06-27-Russian_31_FULL.mp3 9.6 MB  3.8 MB  russian-2010-03-30-Russian_32_FULL.mp3 109.6 MB  37.0 MB  russian-2010-03-30-Russian_33_FULL.mp3 50.5 MB  17.4 MB  russian-2010-03-30-Russian_34_FULL.mp3 8.5 MB  2.9 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_10_FULL.mp3 30.2 MB  17.7 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_11_FULL.mp3 29.8 MB  17.3 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_12_FULL.mp3 76.8 MB  45.4 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_13_FULL.mp3 23.3 MB  14.1 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_14_FULL.mp3 7.6 MB  4.4 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_15_FULL.mp3 3.8 MB  2.2 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_16_FULL.mp3 35.9 MB  20.8 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_17_FULL.mp3 5.9 MB  3.4 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_18_FULL.mp3 2.0 MB  1.1 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_19_FULL.mp3 4.0 MB  2.3 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_1_FULL.mp3 33.3 MB  19.7 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_20_FULL.mp3 9.5 MB  5.5 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_21_FULL.mp3 7.6 MB  4.5 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_22A_FULL.mp3 1.3 MB  806.3 KB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_22B_FULL.mp3 1.8 MB  1.1 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_22C_FULL.mp3 4.1 MB  2.4 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_2_FULL.mp3 7.7 MB  4.7 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_3_FULL.mp3 2.5 MB  1.6 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_4_FULL.mp3 2.6 MB  1.5 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_5_FULL.mp3 14.6 MB  8.6 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_6_FULL.mp3 8.3 MB  5.0 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_7_FULL.mp3 12.8 MB  7.4 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_8_FULL.mp3 20.6 MB  12.3 MB  spanish-2007-08-29-Spanish_9_FULL.mp3 22.8 MB  13.3 MB  spanish-2008-04-24-Spanish_24C_FULL.mp3 5.9 MB  3.1 MB  spanish-2008-04-24-Spanish_25C_FULL.mp3 55.0 MB  29.2 MB  spanish-2008-04-24-Spanish_26C_FULL.mp3 2.8 MB  1.5 MB  spanish-2009-05-25-Spanish_28C_FULL.mp3 3.0 MB  1.2 MB  spanish-2009-06-14-Spanish_27C_FULL.mp3 4.4 MB  1.9 MB  spanish-2009-06-14-Spanish_29C_FULL.mp3 9.3 MB  3.8 MB  spanish-2009-06-14-Spanish_30C_FULL.mp3 11.9 MB  4.9 MB  spanish-2009-06-14-Spanish_31C_FULL.mp3 8.8 MB  3.7 MB  spanish-2010-04-20-Spanish_23C_FULL.mp3 17.7 MB  10.4 MB  Movie Files Flash Video h.264 Ogg Video arabic-2007-08-24-v10.flv 436.3 MB  697.2 MB  527.2 MB  arabic-2007-08-25-v1.flv 28.5 MB  35.2 MB  26.3 MB  arabic-2007-08-25-v5.flv 200.2 MB  323.5 MB  241.3 MB  arabic-2007-08-25-v6.flv 239.5 MB  386.5 MB  282.7 MB  arabic-2007-08-25-v8.flv 233.9 MB  285.4 MB  179.2 MB  arabic-2007-08-28-v2.flv 242.7 MB  298.6 MB  223.9 MB  arabic-2007-08-30-v7.flv 288.5 MB  465.1 MB  336.5 MB  arabic-2007-08-30-v9.flv 320.3 MB  517.0 MB  388.4 MB  arabic-2007-11-03-v3.flv 59.2 MB  73.2 MB  54.6 MB  arabic-2007-11-03-v4.flv 331.2 MB  536.2 MB  401.0 MB  arabic-2007-11-12-v11.flv 293.8 MB  27.7 MB  20.5 MB  arabic-2007-11-12-v12.flv 336.1 MB  127.7 MB  93.0 MB  arabic-2008-05-15-v13.flv 233.6 MB  378.1 MB  285.1 MB  arabic-2009-10-02-v14.flv 331.4 MB  538.0 MB  400.8 MB  arabic-2009-12-20-v15.flv 786.5 MB  291.7 MB  210.1 MB  arabic-2010-12-18-v16.flv 817.4 MB  220.1 MB  163.8 MB  arabic-2011-03-16-v17.flv 251.6 MB  375.5 MB  226.3 MB  arabic-2011-03-22-v18.flv 164.4 MB  60.1 MB  44.8 MB  arabic-2011-05-13-v20.flv 242.6 MB  466.5 MB  340.9 MB  chinese-2008-05-19-v04.flv 45.6 MB  73.1 MB  54.6 MB  chinese-2008-05-21-v03.flv 186.5 MB  301.6 MB  222.8 MB  chinese-2008-05-21-v10.flv 179.8 MB  289.7 MB  168.4 MB  chinese-2008-05-24-v02.flv 259.0 MB  415.2 MB  303.7 MB  chinese-2008-05-25-v07.flv 297.8 MB  477.1 MB  357.3 MB  chinese-2008-05-26-v11.flv 276.7 MB  444.6 MB  330.0 MB  chinese-2009-02-08-v12.flv 439.6 MB  698.5 MB  509.2 MB  chinese-2009-06-25-v01.flv 235.5 MB  390.7 MB  282.3 MB  chinese-2010-04-10-v05.flv 333.8 MB  538.5 MB  400.6 MB  chinese-2010-04-12-v08.flv 147.8 MB  237.4 MB  161.4 MB  chinese-2010-04-13-v09.flv 241.3 MB  388.1 MB  261.2 MB  chinese-2010-04-15-v06.flv 201.8 MB  324.4 MB  236.4 MB  chinese-2010-05-03-v14.flv 179.8 MB  290.2 MB  205.8 MB  chinese-2010-05-15-v13.flv 331.8 MB  537.6 MB  398.4 MB  english-2008-02-02-v03.flv 186.5 MB  301.6 MB  222.9 MB  english-2008-02-02-v04.flv 45.6 MB  73.8 MB  54.6 MB  english-2008-02-16-v05.flv 333.8 MB  538.4 MB  401.6 MB  english-2008-02-17-v06.flv 201.7 MB  324.3 MB  237.4 MB  english-2008-02-17-v08.flv 147.8 MB  237.8 MB  161.9 MB  english-2008-04-12-v01.flv 60.3 MB  97.2 MB  73.4 MB  english-2008-05-01-v10.flv 179.8 MB  289.7 MB  168.1 MB  english-2008-05-02-v09.flv 241.3 MB  388.6 MB  262.0 MB  english-2009-05-20-v12.flv 17.9 MB  28.1 MB  20.0 MB  english-2009-07-05-v07.flv 297.8 MB  477.7 MB  357.6 MB  english-2009-07-06-v02.flv 325.9 MB  403.1 MB  303.8 MB  english-2009-07-06-v11.flv 322.8 MB  519.5 MB  384.8 MB  english-2010-03-21-v14.flv 331.8 MB  536.0 MB  399.5 MB  english-2010-03-22-v15.flv 179.8 MB  289.4 MB  206.9 MB  english-2010-12-19-v16.flv 819.3 MB  301.6 MB  225.2 MB  french-2008-05-05-v02.flv 259.0 MB  415.5 MB  305.5 MB  french-2008-05-05-v04.flv 45.7 MB  74.4 MB  54.7 MB  french-2008-05-06-v03.flv 186.5 MB  300.0 MB  222.7 MB  french-2008-05-06-v08.flv 147.8 MB  237.2 MB  162.1 MB  french-2008-05-06-v10.flv 179.9 MB  289.5 MB  168.0 MB  french-2008-05-07-v05.flv 334.0 MB  538.8 MB  401.8 MB  french-2008-05-07-v09.flv 241.3 MB  388.5 MB  262.1 MB  french-2008-05-08-v06.flv 165.8 MB  265.5 MB  195.5 MB  french-2008-05-10-v07.flv 297.8 MB  477.3 MB  358.0 MB  french-2009-11-04-v001.flv 235.6 MB  385.9 MB  281.6 MB  french-2009-11-08-v11.flv 322.9 MB  517.6 MB  385.8 MB  french-2009-11-11-v12.flv 439.6 MB  699.5 MB  509.7 MB  french-2009-11-18-v01.flv 235.6 MB  385.9 MB  281.6 MB  french-2010-04-25-v13.flv 331.9 MB  535.9 MB  399.0 MB  french-2010-04-25-v14.flv 179.8 MB  289.4 MB  206.1 MB  german-2008-05-11-v03.flv 186.7 MB  302.5 MB  223.1 MB  german-2008-05-11-v04.flv 45.6 MB  73.2 MB  54.6 MB  german-2008-05-11-v08.flv 147.9 MB  237.7 MB  162.0 MB  german-2008-05-12-v02.flv 259.0 MB  416.9 MB  305.0 MB  german-2008-05-12-v07.flv 134.4 MB  215.0 MB  161.4 MB  german-2008-05-12-v10.flv 179.9 MB  290.4 MB  167.8 MB  german-2008-05-13-v06.flv 201.8 MB  325.4 MB  237.4 MB  german-2008-05-13-v09.flv 241.3 MB  388.9 MB  261.8 MB  german-2008-05-14-v05.flv 333.8 MB  539.5 MB  402.0 MB  german-2008-05-14-v11.flv 323.4 MB  524.7 MB  386.3 MB  german-2009-02-12-v12.flv 439.6 MB  700.1 MB  509.7 MB  german-2009-06-29-v01.flv 235.4 MB  377.0 MB  283.2 MB  german-2010-07-20-v14.flv 179.8 MB  290.0 MB  206.3 MB  german-2010-07-21-v13.flv 331.8 MB  536.3 MB  399.1 MB  portuguese-2009-04-01-v02.flv 259.0 MB  416.5 MB  306.8 MB  portuguese-2009-04-02-v05.flv 333.9 MB  530.8 MB  400.7 MB  portuguese-2009-04-05-v09.flv 241.4 MB  389.3 MB  269.9 MB  portuguese-2009-04-06-v03.flv 186.6 MB  299.7 MB  223.3 MB  portuguese-2009-04-11-v07.flv 186.4 MB  299.9 MB  222.9 MB  portuguese-2009-05-23-v04.flv 45.6 MB  73.4 MB  54.4 MB  portuguese-2009-05-27-v12.flv 937.5 KB  1.2 MB  943.8 KB  portuguese-2009-07-07-v01.flv 235.4 MB  384.1 MB  282.0 MB  portuguese-2009-07-07-v06.flv 201.9 MB  326.6 MB  240.3 MB  portuguese-2009-07-16-v08.flv 147.8 MB  237.7 MB  171.1 MB  portuguese-2009-07-16-v10.flv 179.8 MB  285.5 MB  177.0 MB  portuguese-2009-07-18-v11.flv 323.0 MB  520.5 MB  386.3 MB  portuguese-2010-06-06-v13.flv 331.7 MB  163.3 MB  120.9 MB  russian-2008-05-31-v02.flv 259.0 MB  416.2 MB  304.8 MB  russian-2008-05-31-v04.flv 45.6 MB  73.7 MB  54.5 MB  russian-2008-05-31-v08.flv 147.8 MB  237.7 MB  161.7 MB  russian-2008-06-01-v06.flv 201.8 MB  324.6 MB  236.9 MB  russian-2008-06-03-v10.flv 179.8 MB  289.3 MB  168.0 MB  russian-2008-06-07-v03.flv 186.5 MB  301.1 MB  223.5 MB  russian-2008-06-09-v05.flv 333.8 MB  539.1 MB  402.9 MB  russian-2008-06-11-v11.flv 322.9 MB  518.7 MB  386.8 MB  russian-2009-02-10-v12.flv 200.4 MB  38.8 MB  27.5 MB  russian-2009-02-11-v07.flv 297.8 MB  477.9 MB  357.1 MB  russian-2009-02-11-v09.flv 193.4 MB  311.9 MB  205.0 MB  russian-2009-06-27-v01.flv 235.4 MB  379.5 MB  283.5 MB  russian-2010-03-23-v13.flv 331.8 MB  536.1 MB  399.4 MB  russian-2010-03-24-v14.flv 179.8 MB  289.0 MB  206.3 MB  spanish-2008-05-26-v03.flv 186.5 MB  302.2 MB  224.7 MB  spanish-2008-05-26-v04.flv 45.6 MB  73.2 MB  54.9 MB  spanish-2008-05-27-v020.flv 259.0 MB  417.5 MB  307.9 MB  spanish-2008-05-27-v06.flv 201.7 MB  324.6 MB  238.9 MB  spanish-2008-05-28-v05.flv 333.8 MB  538.8 MB  403.6 MB  spanish-2008-05-28-v08.flv 147.9 MB  238.2 MB  163.4 MB  spanish-2008-05-29-v09.flv 241.3 MB  389.3 MB  263.0 MB  spanish-2009-02-21-v07.flv 297.8 MB  477.8 MB  358.4 MB  spanish-2009-12-08-v02.flv 259.0 MB  417.5 MB  308.0 MB  spanish-2010-04-04-v01.flv 235.4 MB  382.2 MB  283.0 MB  spanish-2010-04-06-v10.flv 193.4 MB  289.8 MB  179.2 MB  spanish-2010-04-27-v11.flv 322.8 MB  322.2 MB  240.1 MB  spanish-2010-04-28-v12.flv 439.6 MB  700.3 MB  512.3 MB  Image Files Thumbnail Animated GIF arabic-2007-08-24-v10.flv 7.7 KB  491.0 KB  arabic-2007-08-25-v1.flv 5.5 KB  213.9 KB  arabic-2007-08-25-v5.flv 6.2 KB  483.0 KB  arabic-2007-08-25-v6.flv 5.4 KB  432.5 KB  arabic-2007-08-25-v8.flv 7.6 KB  467.8 KB  arabic-2007-08-28-v2.flv 6.3 KB  478.8 KB  arabic-2007-08-30-v7.flv 6.7 KB  473.5 KB  arabic-2007-08-30-v9.flv 9.5 KB  510.1 KB  arabic-2007-11-03-v3.flv 4.1 KB  398.7 KB  arabic-2007-11-03-v4.flv 7.2 KB  494.1 KB  arabic-2007-11-12-v11.flv 36.1 KB  arabic-2007-11-12-v12.flv 176.2 KB  arabic-2008-05-15-v13.flv 6.9 KB  506.2 KB  arabic-2009-10-02-v14.flv 7.5 KB  498.6 KB  arabic-2009-12-20-v15.flv 5.7 KB  487.9 KB  arabic-2010-12-18-v16.flv 8.9 KB  348.1 KB  arabic-2011-03-16-v17.flv 6.5 KB  422.2 KB  arabic-2011-03-22-v18.flv 6.0 KB  288.1 KB  arabic-2011-05-13-v20.flv 7.0 KB  380.3 KB  chinese-2008-05-19-v04.flv 3.9 KB  398.8 KB  chinese-2008-05-21-v03.flv 5.9 KB  474.2 KB  chinese-2008-05-21-v10.flv 7.4 KB  467.2 KB  chinese-2008-05-24-v02.flv 6.9 KB  521.6 KB  chinese-2008-05-25-v07.flv 5.0 KB  481.7 KB  chinese-2008-05-26-v11.flv 9.7 KB  500.8 KB  chinese-2009-02-08-v12.flv 7.2 KB  486.4 KB  chinese-2009-06-25-v01.flv 6.4 KB  482.9 KB  chinese-2010-04-10-v05.flv 6.7 KB  492.4 KB  chinese-2010-04-12-v08.flv 6.3 KB  470.1 KB  chinese-2010-04-13-v09.flv 5.2 KB  430.4 KB  chinese-2010-04-15-v06.flv 6.5 KB  475.5 KB  chinese-2010-05-03-v14.flv 5.2 KB  492.4 KB  chinese-2010-05-15-v13.flv 6.6 KB  492.1 KB  english-2008-02-02-v03.flv 6.0 KB  473.6 KB  english-2008-02-02-v04.flv 4.0 KB  399.1 KB  english-2008-02-16-v05.flv 6.7 KB  492.8 KB  english-2008-02-17-v06.flv 5.9 KB  479.0 KB  english-2008-02-17-v08.flv 6.3 KB  471.0 KB  english-2008-04-12-v01.flv 127.1 KB  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french-2010-04-25-v13.flv 7.0 KB  493.2 KB  french-2010-04-25-v14.flv 5.2 KB  492.4 KB  german-2008-05-11-v03.flv 7.2 KB  455.2 KB  german-2008-05-11-v04.flv 3.9 KB  398.5 KB  german-2008-05-11-v08.flv 6.3 KB  470.9 KB  german-2008-05-12-v02.flv 6.9 KB  521.1 KB  german-2008-05-12-v07.flv 8.1 KB  517.6 KB  german-2008-05-12-v10.flv 7.3 KB  477.0 KB  german-2008-05-13-v06.flv 6.5 KB  475.9 KB  german-2008-05-13-v09.flv 5.2 KB  430.3 KB  german-2008-05-14-v05.flv 6.7 KB  492.4 KB  german-2008-05-14-v11.flv 9.2 KB  477.9 KB  german-2009-02-12-v12.flv 7.2 KB  486.9 KB  german-2009-06-29-v01.flv 5.9 KB  492.4 KB  german-2010-07-20-v14.flv 5.2 KB  492.4 KB  german-2010-07-21-v13.flv 6.6 KB  492.1 KB  portuguese-2009-04-01-v02.flv 6.5 KB  518.7 KB  portuguese-2009-04-02-v05.flv 6.6 KB  490.3 KB  portuguese-2009-04-05-v09.flv 5.0 KB  424.2 KB  portuguese-2009-04-06-v03.flv 6.2 KB  470.4 KB  portuguese-2009-04-11-v07.flv 6.0 KB  495.0 KB  portuguese-2009-05-23-v04.flv 9.6 KB  394.7 KB  portuguese-2009-05-27-v12.flv 4.9 KB  45.0 KB  portuguese-2009-07-07-v01.flv 5.9 KB  492.1 KB  portuguese-2009-07-07-v06.flv 6.2 KB  471.8 KB  portuguese-2009-07-16-v08.flv 6.0 KB  466.2 KB  portuguese-2009-07-16-v10.flv 7.0 KB  470.9 KB  portuguese-2009-07-18-v11.flv 8.6 KB  504.6 KB  portuguese-2010-06-06-v13.flv 160.9 KB  russian-2008-05-31-v02.flv 6.9 KB  521.3 KB  russian-2008-05-31-v04.flv 4.8 KB  398.5 KB  russian-2008-05-31-v08.flv 6.3 KB  470.6 KB  russian-2008-06-01-v06.flv 6.5 KB  475.2 KB  russian-2008-06-03-v10.flv 7.4 KB  466.6 KB  russian-2008-06-07-v03.flv 5.9 KB  474.0 KB  russian-2008-06-09-v05.flv 6.7 KB  492.3 KB  russian-2008-06-11-v11.flv 9.0 KB  509.6 KB  russian-2009-02-10-v12.flv 32.4 KB  russian-2009-02-11-v07.flv 5.0 KB  482.5 KB  russian-2009-02-11-v09.flv 5.2 KB  347.0 KB  russian-2009-06-27-v01.flv 5.9 KB  492.4 KB  russian-2010-03-23-v13.flv 6.6 KB  492.1 KB  russian-2010-03-24-v14.flv 5.2 KB  492.4 KB  spanish-2008-05-26-v03.flv 5.9 KB  473.6 KB  spanish-2008-05-26-v04.flv 3.9 KB  398.1 KB  spanish-2008-05-27-v020.flv 6.9 KB  522.2 KB  spanish-2008-05-27-v06.flv 6.0 KB  478.9 KB  spanish-2008-05-28-v05.flv 6.8 KB  492.3 KB  spanish-2008-05-28-v08.flv 6.3 KB  470.6 KB  spanish-2008-05-29-v09.flv 5.2 KB  429.8 KB  spanish-2009-02-21-v07.flv 5.0 KB  481.8 KB  spanish-2009-12-08-v02.flv 6.8 KB  522.0 KB  spanish-2010-04-04-v01.flv 5.9 KB  492.8 KB  spanish-2010-04-06-v10.flv 7.4 KB  446.4 KB  spanish-2010-04-27-v11.flv 8.3 KB  323.5 KB  spanish-2010-04-28-v12.flv 7.2 KB  486.7 KB  Information Format Size algathafi-org-audio-video-201108_files.xml Metadata [file] algathafi-org-audio-video-201108_meta.xml Metadata 486.0 B Other Files Unknown algathafi-org-audio-video-201108_files.xml_ 81.1 KB  The Illegality of the International Criminal Courts and Tribunals The international courts and tribunals are a feature of an international system that is based on selectivity and double standards. What these courts have in common is their lack of the legal conditions for the existence of any court. The conditions for the legality of any court are well-known. It must by established by a legitimate authority, whose legitimacy is derived from a legal status. The events brought before it must constitute clearly defined offences established in a previous law that precedes their commission. The punishments for such acts must also be established in that law. The law must be enacted by a legitimate legislative authority. The judges of the court must enjoy full independence and the ability to make their rulings free from any outside influence. The rules of procedure of the court must ensure due process for the defendants. Do the international criminal courts and tribunals meet these conditions? The answer is, No!! In fact, the international criminal courts that the world has known were established in one of two ways. They were either established by the victors of a certain war, as was the case with the military tribunals of Nuremburg and Tokyo that were created by the victorious Allies after World War II, or by an “international” authority of dubious legitimacy as was the case with the International Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda that were created by the Security Council. In establishing the tribunals of Nuremburg and Tokyo in the wake of World War II, the Allies invoked only the legitimacy of the victors who were capable of imposing their terms on the vanquished. They created those tribunals in a manner that guarantees the condemnation of their enemies as criminals while absolving them of their own war crimes. Foremost among those crimes was the annihilation of hundreds of thousands of civilians by the use of a weapon that exceeded the needs of deterring the enemy namely; the atomic bomb. Those tribunals met none of the standards of justice in view of the following facts: They were created by the political leaders and military commanders of the occupation forces. Their judges were not impartial. They were themselves the opponents on the field of battle. In accordance with the recognized standards of justice, they were not qualified to play the role of a judge since they were party to the conflict. The defendants before those tribunals were prisoners of war. Under international law, they could not be brought to trial. The acts for which the defendants were tried were not crimes defined in, and established by a previous law as justice requires. The list of “crimes” was established by the victorious Allies Ex Post Facto (after they were committed). This is in violation of the principle of legality of crimes and punishments. It also violates the principle of the non-retroactivity of the law. The Tokyo tribunal was created by a special order of General McArthur. That personal order established new, contrived crimes and offences that existed only in McArthur’s imagination. Needless to say, the court under that law victimized many defenseless Japanese. The definition of the “crimes” of the defendants, if they can be described as crimes, was and continues to be the subject of disagreement among the countries of the world. The rulings of those tribunals were based on mere suspicion and doubts, not on proof and evidence. For instance, the Tokyo Tribunal condemned a Japanese commander for what it considered the crimes of the soldiers under his command in the Philippines. He was sentenced to death despite the fact that it was not proven that he had given any orders. Indeed, he could not have known what had happened for the simple reason that he had fled the battle field. Those tribunals were a sham whose only purpose was to provide justification for the conduct of the Allies who exceeded the legitimate right to self defense. A proof of this is that unlike the other Allies, Russia, the country most devastated by the War, did not put any of the German military commanders in the part of Germany it occupied, on trial. The international criminal courts are illegal. So are their sentences. Their victims and their relatives are entitled to just restitution and reparations for the injustice visited upon them. They are entitled to demand rehabilitation. The events of World War II must be brought once again before impartial courts that would reconsider the conduct of the victors and the vanquished alike. The earlier tribunals did not prosecute the crimes committed by both parties. They were confined to the prosecution of the vanquished alone. More importantly, the crimes for which they were tried had not been established in a previous law. Therefore, those tribunals violate the legal rule “Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege”. (No persecution for a crime unless pursuant to a previous law establishing that crime). The same applies to the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. They were both established by the Security Council. The legitimacy of the Council is dubious. It was created in the same manner, and under the same circumstances, in which the Nuremburg and Tokyo Tribunals were established. It is yet another one of the products of World War II. The victors created the Security Council as a tool to shape international relations in the manner they saw fit. It was not created by the independent will and free choice of the states of the world. In addition, the Security enforce the law, it has no right to enact it. Laws are enacted by the legislators elected by the people. The character of the council, and the tasks it currently discharges, are dubious because it represents only a minority. The states of the world did not take part in its creation. Therefore, it has no right to put their citizens on trial. Suffice it to recall that the international Court of Justice ruled that the Security Council had no jurisdiction over the Lockerbie question. Nevertheless, the council disregarded that ruling and continued to address the Lockerbie question without any international legal basis. At the same time, the Council did not address the Court’s ruling concerning the “Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua”. The so-called Security Council has absolutely no legal right to establish courts or tribunals. Article 29 of the Charter cannot be construed as giving a right to establish courts. It only authorizes the establishment of subsidiary organs. The misuse by the Council of that and other provisions is a gross infringement upon the sovereignty of peoples. Therefore, the resolutions of the so-called Security Council pertaining to the establishment of courts and tribunals are null and void under international law and jurisprudence. The current international courts and tribunals were created in the fashion of their antecedents. Their purpose is not to try all those who may have committed a crime, but to try the weaker, vanquished party alone. In creating the two above-mentioned tribunals, the Council acted under Chapter VII of the Charter. This is yet another proof of their politicized character and lack of impartiality. The Sierra Leone tribunal is also illegal. Even if it was established on the basis of a request from the government of Sierra Leone, this does not give it the necessary legal conditions for a lawful court. It falls outside the national judicial system of Sierra Leone. Its statute and rulings are not subject to the supervision of that system for the following reasons: The Statute of that Tribunal is shaped in part on the basis of the so-called principles of international law derived from the statute and the rulings of another illegal court; that of Nuremburg. The president and prosecutor-general of the Tribunal are not from Sierra Leone. Among its judges, there are foreign nationals who are not subject to the national sovereignty of which the judicial system is an integral part. The sentences passed by the Tribunal will be implemented outside Sierra Leone. The International Criminal Court (ICC) The establishment of the ICC followed the same lines of the Military and Ad-Hoc International Criminal Tribunals. Although established by a treaty, its Statute was based on the rules governing the above-mentioned international tribunals and on the rules of the Nuremburg Trials. This inherent distortion has stripped it of its character as a court of law in the strict legal sense. This is evident in the following: The Statute of the ICC allows the Security Council to request it to halt the proceedings of any case brought before it. Even if the Council abandons it’s well known selectivity and double-standards in dealing with international peace and security, any relationship whatsoever it may have with the Court negates the independence of the ICC and strips it of its character as a court. This is borne out by the fact that the Council exercised its “tutelage” over the Court even before it started its work by adopting Resolution 1422 which constitutes a flagrant violation of the principle of the independence of the judiciary. Thus far, the Court does not have a unanimously-agreed international legal text that establishes the offences prosecutable by it or the punishment for such offences. The absence of this text renders the establishment of the Court on the basis of the principle of the non-retroactivity of the law and the principle of legality “Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege”, as contained in its Statute, devoid of any practical value. The jurisdiction of the Court does not cover the crime of aggression!! That crime is the basis and the cause of all the other crimes covered by the jurisdiction of the ICC!! The Rome Statute mentions the most grievous crimes while it ignores the lesser ones. This is a grave imbalance in the Statute. That imbalance came into being upon the orders of certain states. The Court lacks the most basic guarantee of justice; namely, the right of defendants to legal defense. In that, it is no different from other international criminal courts and tribunals where the matter of defense is a mere formality. Neither the tribunals nor the Court have specific machinery for legal defense that assures defendants of a fair trial. Indeed, the draft code of professional conduct for lawyers and the standards and procedures for the provision of legal assistance was recently adopted to satisfy a formalistic requirement so that the Court, if it can be called a court, could start its work. It was adopted without a study to ascertain its adequacy in ensuring one of the most basic rights of the defendants. The court will be no exception to the method of work of other international courts and tribunals. Like them, it will base its verdicts and sentences on suspicions, doubts and circumstantial evidence. It will not be obliged to build its rulings on conclusive legal evidence. The Court was modeled after the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. That tribunal condemned the commanders of the Bosnian Serb Army and the Bosnian Croat Army without any evidence that they had given orders to commit the crimes of murder and torture for which they were condemned. Indeed, it was not proven that either of them was even in the theater of operations at the time of the commission of those crimes. The Court fails to meet the requirements of justice concerning the multi-tier litigation. The fact that the Court is divided into various divisions (Pre-Trial, Trial and Appeals) cannot be considered as the multi tiers that must be available in any judicial system. The reason is that those Divisions are confined to the 18 judges of the Court who are selected by the Assembly of the States Parties. It is the judges who assign themselves to its various divisions. They select the Presidency of the Court from among themselves. It is they who determine the Chambers, their distribution and the assignment of judges thereto. They also adopt the rules of the discharge of the tasks of the Court. This makes it more like an administrative body than a court. It falls short of the level of any national court. The shortcomings of the Court, which strip it of its legal character as a court, are further compounded by the absence of an independent cassation authority where the rulings of its Appeals Division can be challenged. In any national judicial system, there exist courts of cassation and supreme courts to which defendants can resort to challenge the sentences passed against them by the lower tiers of litigation. In addition to the above-mentioned, a court that is subject to the influence of an international authority of dubious legitimacy such as the Security Council and that of the major powers cannot be a fair court. Even if it were established by the General Assembly of the UN, it would still lack legitimacy and legality. The General Assembly is made up of civil servants who represent their countries before the UN. They are not legislators. They have no right to legislate. The General Assembly of the UN deals with the political and diplomatic questions facing the world. It is not empowered to legislate or enact laws. Legislation is the exclusive right of the world’s parliaments or their representatives. An international court can be legitimate only if parliamentary representatives gather in a general assembly and adopt a statute or a basic law for such court. The international criminal courts and tribunals that the world has so far known remain a mere façade. Rather than promoting justice, they distort it for the following reasons: Thus far, there is no unanimously-agreed international legal text that establishes the prosecutable offences or the punishment for such offences. The absence of such text makes it difficult to conclude that the international criminal law is an established one based on the principle of legality “Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege”, even if those rules are codified in international instruments starting with The Hague Convention of 1899 and subsequent international conventions and treaties. The states of the world have yet to agree on a precise definition of the crime of aggression that would facilitate the determination of aggressors and those who exercise the legitimate right to self-defense. In addition, the concept of aggressive war remains ambiguous. Invoking the General Assembly resolution of November 1946 that codified the rules of international law derived from the Statute and rulings of the Nuremburg Court, is illegal. The resolution was based on an illegal premise because the Nuremburg Court itself is illegal. By codifying the rules of international law derived from the Statute and rulings of the Nuremburg Court, the resolution has corrupted international law. Despite its lack of legitimacy, and despite its nature as an “emergency” council, the Security Council continues to have the upper hand in shaping relations among states. Therefore, the ICC will remain, like its creator, an “emergency” court. It will also remain a façade that hides the ill intentions of the powerful states towards the weak ones. It will enable the powerful states to escape the authority of the court, if it can be said to have any real authority. National courts will continue to be more credible than the international ones. Thanks to their legitimacy and independence, the public will continue to consider the sentences of national courts as fair and impartial. The principle of universal jurisdiction of national courts allows any state to bring the perpetrators of war crimes to justice before its courts, regardless of where those crimes were committed and regardless of the nationality of their perpetrators. International law has not matured yet. It is still of a customary nature that does not enjoy the unanimity of the world. However it develops, it will continue to be a law “among” states, not “above” them. National sovereignty of states over their territory and citizens remains the criterion for the interpretation and application of any international instrument. As a general rule, people have a natural right not to be subject to a law in whose formulation they did not participate. They must never be forced to follow a law enacted by any authority without their willing participation.

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In the Theatre of the Absurd, Libya Now Takes Centre Stage May 1, 2011 By davidjones © By Gerald A. Perreira — We are fighting nothing other than al-Qaeda in what they call the Islamic Maghreb. It’s an armed group that is fighting from Libya to Mauritania and through Algeria and Mali.… If you had found them taking over American cities by the force of arms, tell me what you would do? – From a letter sent by the Libyan leader Muammar Qadhafi to the US president Barack Obama. In the Theatre of the Absurd, anything is possible. However, this latest scenario in Libya has taken absurdity to a whole new dimension. A rag-tag bunch of armed, al-Qaeda affiliated tribesmen, being referred to as a ‘pro-democracy movement’ by British State TV (BBC) and other mainstream media outlets, are now being openly armed and trained by the French, British and American governments. This same Coalition of Crusaders, with the support of the Arab League, is fighting alongside the rebels, launching continual bombing raids on targets in Tripoli and beyond, including Muammar Qadhafi’s compound, in a brazen attempt to assassinate the man and re-colonise Libya. And what is the support inside Libya for this so-called ‘Libyan pro-democracy movement’? The answer is less than 2% of the entire Libyan population. One might have expected that the Western and Arab worlds would have offered Qadhafi and the Libyan armed forces assistance to deal with this al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) inspired insurgency. But no. Surprisingly, or maybe not so surprisingly, instead, Britain and the US, led by the clown Sarkozy, in what can only be described as a war mongering frenzy, launched an all out attack on Muammar Qadhafi, his family, and the Libyan people. As this article goes to press, the Coalition forces continue to savagely bomb targets in Tripoli and beyond, killing civilians and destroying vital infrastructure. They are pounding Libya with a force that was last seen when they invaded Iraq, doing their utmost to leave Qadhafi and his people defenceless against this insurgency. In fact, so brazen is the imperialist Obama, that he has announced an ‘overt operation’, sending in CIA operatives to train and equip the rebels. Rebels who the State Department admits are disorganised and untrained and unable to articulate a vision for Libya, beyond killing Qadhafi. These rebels however do have an agenda. Their leaders and ideologues, inside and out of Libya, are well known for misinterpreting verses from the Quran, quoting out of context, in an attempt to justify their so-called jihad and practices which are fundamentally alien to the Islamic spirit. The best the Libyan rebels, read counter-revolutionaries, can do, is to chant ‘From Tunisia, Egypt to Libya and on, we will spread Jihad!’ Western Powers and al-Qaeda – On the Same Side As far back as the mid 90s, a former MI5 agent, David Shayler, testified that British intelligence employed the services of an al-Qaeda cell inside Libya, paying them a large fee to assassinate Muammar Qadhafi. The assassination attempt was carried out. A grenade was lobbed at Qadhafi as he walked among a crowd in his hometown, Sirte. He was saved by one of his bodyguards, who threw herself on the grenade. Shayler revealed that while he was working on the Libya desk in the mid 90s, British secret service personnel were collaborating with the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), which was connected to one of Osama bin Laden’s trusted lieutenants. The LIFG officially joined al-Qaeda in 2007. On an Islamist website in 2009, Ayman al-Zawahiri welcomed them to the fold. Over the past two years, the Libyan authorities have released scores of imprisoned Islamists from the LIFG into the custody of their families and communities in a humanitarian attempt to integrate them back into Libyan society. With a pledge that they would use the forums set up in the country, under the auspices of the General People’s Congress, to express their views. Many of the released prisoners had fought in Afghanistan and Iraq and been returned to the Libyan authorities as part of an agreement with the US. If Qadhafi was truly the ruthless man the West would have us believe, then surely these rebels, classified as terrorists by the US, would have remained in prison and their fate very different. One of those released in 2008 was the LIFG commander, Abdel Hakim al-Hasidi, now one of the leaders of this uprising. Over the last decade, al-Hasidi fought in Afghanistan, was captured in Pakistan in 2002, handed over to the US, and subsequently handed back to the Libyan authorities. In a recent interview with the Italian newspaper, Il Sole 24 Ore, al-Hasidi admitted that, “jihadists who fought in Iraq against the US are on the front lines of the battle against Muammar Qadhafi.” Libya was the first country to issue an arrest warrant for Osama bin Laden. The Libyan authorities have for years tried to warn the world about the very serious threat posed by these Islamic deviants. According to David Shayler, Western intelligence turned a deaf ear to Libya’s warnings as far back as the mid 90s because they were actually working with the al-Qaeda group inside Libya, to kill Qadhafi, and roll back the Libyan revolution. True Religion versus False Religion The battle being fought in the Libyan desert today dates way back beyond the mid 90s. Today’s battle is essentially a battle between, on the one hand, the revolutionary Islam of Prophet Muhammad, manifest in the writings of Muammar Qadhafi and in the practice of the Libyan revolution. And on the other hand, the reactionary Islam of the Ikhwan al-Muslimeen (Muslim Brotherhood) and their off shoots such as al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and its affiliate, the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group. The Muslim revolutionary scholar, Ali Shariati, notes that, “the battle of history is the battle of religion against religion… true religion versus false religion.” The Islam of the Wahhabist/Salafi sect, adhered to by the LIFQ, is a reactionary interpretation and practice of Islam that seeks to replicate the political and social structures of 7th century Arabian society. Although for the BBC, CNN and Al Jazeera cameras, the rebels are careful to present themselves to the world as a force fighting for ‘liberal democracy’ and to show their love and admiration for the West. Off camera, they are calling for what AQIM has named the ‘Islamic Emirate in the Maghreb’. Qadhafi, along with other progressive Islamic scholars, argues the message of the Quran and Islamic theology is incompatible with the idea of an emirate. They point out dynastic rule was imported into the body politic of Islam by the likes of Abu Sufyan Muawiyah, the governor of Damascus, in the period 642 to 661, who borrowed these anti-Islamic practices from the Byzantium Empire and the Persians. Qadhafi points out this particular system of governance has nothing at all to do with Islam. The central ideological concern of Muammar Qadhafi and the Libyan revolution was to redefine Islam in the context of modern knowledge and contemporary political systems and thought. This is a task that requires us to revisit and rethink previous political systems set up by Muslims, without losing any of the Perennial Truth that is Islam. The Third Universal Theory, outlined in Qadhafi’s Green Book, is a comprehensive worldview – a body of philosophical, political, economic, sociological and scientific principles, all inter-related. Together they form an alternative and largely self-sufficient intellectual structure. It is a guide for authentic Islamic revolution, and can be applied to non-Islamic, popular revolutions. It ushers in a whole new social and political practice, outlining an alternative model of democracy. Progressive academics worldwide have acclaimed The Green Book as a serious body of political thought, offering an incisive critique of Western parliamentary democracy, capitalism and Marxist socialism. In addition, there is no denying the system of direct democracy, posited by Qadhafi’s Third Universal Theory, offers an alternative model and solution for Africa and many other parts of the ‘Third World’, where multi-party ‘democracy’ has been a dismal failure, resulting in ethnic/tribal conflict, social fragmentation and political chaos. In his book Islam and the Third Universal Theory: The Religious Thought of Muammar al Qadhafi, the respected Muslim scholar Mahmoud Ayoub points out that, “the first part of the Green Book is an interpretation of one single verse of the Quran: ‘and their affairs are decided through consultation (shura) among themselves’… To others it means an assembly of jurists ruling over a traditional Islamic society strictly governed by Shariah. Only Qadhafi has taken the important Quranic precept seriously, understanding it literally, and applying it equally to every member of society.” Ayoub further states that, “Qadhafi sees Islam as a perpetual revolution against unnecessary and illegitimate wealth, exploitation and oppression. Qadhafi asserted that the Islam which both the East and the West knew was that observed by kings and princes, as well as mendicants (darawish) who live off Islam. Thus, people thought of Islam as a reactionary movement, a message which could never keep up with life. They considered Islam simply as a religious heritage which could be venerated but which had to be kept from the fields of action and human struggle.” This Islam, whose theology is primarily one of liberation, has been marginalised, distorted and co-opted to serve the interests of ruling elites throughout the Muslim world. Theirs is the Islam observed by kings and princes, the ‘feudal Islam’ of the Ikhwan al-Muslimeen (Muslim Brotherhood) and its Wahhabi spiritual leaders, such as Egyptian cleric, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, who recently issued a fatwa stating that any Libyan soldier who can shoot dead embattled leader Muammar Qadhafi should do so “to rid Libya of him.” Qaradawi is a neo-feudalist, who has defended the practice of female genital mutilation, called for the death penalty to be applied to those who leave Islam and advocates separate systems of law for different classes of citizens. Qadhafi views Qaradawi and those like him as the spiritual heirs of the corrupt Umayyad dynasty (661-750) that transformed the revolutionary Islam of the Holy Prophet into a feudal dispensation. How does Qadhafi’s revolutionary Islam play out in practice? Why is this man and the revolution he has led such a threat? And why, over recent weeks, have people from every corner of the globe spoken out in support of Qadhafi and the Libyan revolution? Why have thousands of African freedom fighters (not mercenaries as the BBC, CNN and Al Jazeera would have us believe) poured into Libya from the Congo, Guinea, Zimbabwe, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Niger, Chad, Mauritania, Southern Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia and Burkina Faso to fight to the death for this leader and Libya? Who is this man and this revolution that has the moral authority and power to draw an army of Africans from every corner of the continent and solidarity from liberation movements, political parties and progressive governments worldwide? A Libyan Jamahiriya On September 1st, 1969, the 27 year old Qadhafi, an army captain, carried out a bloodless coup overthrowing the corrupt monarchy of King Idris Senussi, who had ruled Libya for 18 years. Qadhafi established what he called the Libyan Jamahiriya or the State of the Masses. When asked what was the Constitution of Libya, he replied “the Quran.” Immediately after the 1969 coup, Qadhafi told Gamal Abdel Nasser to consider Libya a partner in his Pan-Arab project, offering Nasser access to Libyan resources in the struggle against Israel. From a young age Qadhafi understood the absolute necessity of unity if Western hegemony and colonialism was to be challenged effectively. Not long after the revolution Qadhafi earned the wrath of the imperialists by closing the British Naval Base at Tobruk and the American Wheelus Air Base on the outskirts of Tripoli. He nationalised key sections of Libya’s vast oil resources and used his influence within OPEC to negotiate fairer prices for oil producing countries. Qadhafi used the oil revenue to benefit the Libyan people, building schools, universities, hospitals and much needed infrastructure. During the reign of King Idris, fewer than one in five Libyans was literate and there was virtually no access to education for the majority of people. Today, Libya boasts a quality education system, free right up to university level, and the literacy rate is 83 per cent, the highest in North Africa and the Arab world. In addition, Libya has one of the finest health care systems in the ‘Third World’. All people have access to doctors, hospitals, clinics and medicines, free of charge. If a Libyan needs surgery that is unavailable in Libya, funding is provided for the surgery to be carried out overseas. Average life expectancy is now 75, during the time of King Idris it was as low as 44. Soon after the revolution, basic food items were subsidised and electricity was made available throughout the country. Huge irrigation projects were established in order to support a drive towards agricultural development and self-sufficiency in food production. Recognising that water, not oil, would be the most scarce resource of the future, Qadhafi initiated the construction of the Great Man Made River, which took years to complete (see illustration and photo above). Referred to as a wonder of the modern world, this river pumps millions of cubic metres of water daily from the heart of the Sahara desert to the coast where the land is suitable for agriculture. Any Libyan who wanted to become a farmer was and still is given free use of land, a house, farm equipment, livestock and seed. At the outset of the revolution, Qadhafi vowed to house every Libyan, many of whom were still living in tents and houses made out of flattened oil drums. He also vowed that his own parents, who lived in a tent in the Sirte desert, would not be housed until every Libyan was housed. He fulfilled that promise, his own father dying before he had the opportunity to move him into a home. Large scale housing construction took place right across the country, all Libyans being given a decent house or apartment to live in rent-free. In Qadhafi’s Green Book it states: “The house is a basic need of both the individual and the family, therefore it should not be owned by others.” Under the revolutionary leadership of Muammar Qadhafi, Libya has now attained the highest standard of living in Africa. Rated on the UN’s Human Development Index ahead of Russia, Brazil and Saudi Arabia. In 2007, in an article which appeared in the African Executive Magazine, Norah Owaraga noted that Libya, “unlike other oil producing countries such as Nigeria, utilised the revenue from its oil to develop its country. The standard of living of the people of Libya is one of the highest in Africa, falling in the category of countries with a GNP per capita of between USD 2,200 and 6,000.” Qadhafi believes that economic democracy can only be achieved when the GDP of a country benefits all of its citizens and when the country’s wealth is dispersed to every single citizen. Today, money from Libya’s oil revenue is directly deposited into the bank account of every Libyan. From the beginning, Qadhafi was dedicated to the emancipation of Libyan women, encouraging them to participate in all aspects of political life. The revolution ensured that women gained full access to education and has actively encouraged acceptance of female paid employment. Qadhafi has enabled women to serve in the armed forces, and as a way of breaking down stereotypes and taboos, he established a corps of female bodyguards, assigned to his protection. Libya is a very traditional society and these moves by Qadhafi have been met with stiff resistance, especially by the forces in Benghazi. From the outset of the revolution, Qadhafi channelled a great deal of effort and resources into continued attempts, following on from Gamal Abdel Nasser, to bring about Arab unity. At meeting after meeting of the Arab League, he condemned and exposed their ineptness at arriving at a unified position in relation to the Palestinian issue and other issues relating to neo-colonial control of the region. He became impatient as he realised that the Arab rulers of the day were more interested in protecting and preserving their own parochial interests in tandem with Western imperialism, and were only too willing to stab each other in the back behind closed doors, despite their rhetoric at the summits. He vehemently opposed the US led invasion of Iraq and condemned those Arab leaders who supported the so-called ‘coalition of the willing’, earning the wrath of the Saudi monarchy when he said that “the Kabah was under the yoke of American occupation,” and questioned “what meaning the Haj has for Muslims as long as the American occupation of the sacred House of God continues.” He worked tirelessly to encourage African-Arab unity, and built strong relationships with African leaders and the African streets. In October 2010, at the second African-Arab summit in Libya, Qadhafi was the first and only leader in the Arab world to formally apologise for the Arab role in the trade in captured Africans. He was highly critical of Arab leaders/elites condescending attitude toward Africans, and their despicable treatment of African workers, and in particular African domestic workers in their own countries. He stated: “I regret the behaviour of Arabs… they brought African children to North Africa, they made them slaves, they sold them like animals and treated them in a shameful way. I regret and am ashamed when we remember these practices. I apologise for this. Today we are embarrassed and shocked by the outrageous practices of rich Arabs who treat Africans with contempt and condescension.” This riled the Arab leaders and ruling elites and was an affront to their notion of Arab supremacy. Disgruntled with the arrogance of the Arab leaders, and a continual thorn in their side as he openly criticised their hypocrisy and servitude to Western imperialism, Qadhafi became isolated in the Arab world. Africa Called, Qadhafi Answered Meanwhile, Libya’s neighbours to the south were far more receptive to Qadhafi’s ideas. When African nations called, Qadhafi answered. He is passionate about the plight of Africans and Africa and longs to see the liberation of the continent and its people. He called on the African Union to give representation to Africans in the Diaspora – the US, Europe, the Caribbean and South America, and acknowledge the need to deal with the conditions of poverty, underdevelopment and marginalisation that continues to confront these communities. At a recent conference held in Libya in January this year, to address the needs and concerns of African migrants to Europe, Qadhafi stated: “From now on, by the will of God, I will assign teams to search, investigate and liaise with the Africans in Europe and to check their situations… this is my duty and role towards the sons of Africa; I am a soldier for Africa. I am here for you and I work for you; therefore, I will not leave you and I will follow up on your conditions.” Today, Qadhafi is seen by Africans on the continent and throughout the diaspora as a leading Afrocentric Pan-Africanist, articulating a vision for a United States of Africa – with one government, one currency and one army. One of Muammar Qadhafi’s most controversial and difficult moves has been his determined drive to unite Africa with a shared vision for the true independence and liberation of the entire continent. He has contributed a great deal of his time, energy and large sums of money to this project, and like Kwame Nkrumah, he has paid a high price. Many years ago, Qadhafi told a large gathering, which included Libyans and revolutionaries from many parts of the world, that the Black Africans were the true owners of Libya long before the Arab incursion into North Africa. Adding Libyans need to acknowledge and pay tribute to their ancient African roots. He ended by saying, as is proclaimed in his Green Book, “the Black race shall prevail throughout the world.” ‘Brother Leader’, ‘Guide of the Revolution’ and ‘King of Kings’ are some of the titles that have been bestowed on Qadhafi by Africans. Only recently Qadhafi called for the creation of a secretariat of traditional African Chiefs and Kings, with whom he has excellent ties, to co-ordinate efforts to build African unity at the grassroots level. This bottom up approach is widely supported by Pan-Africanists. While the Libyan revolution has irritated the West since its inception, and although they never forgave Qadhafi for nationalising Libya’s oil, the most worrying move has been his call for the unification of Africa. After years of tireless effort on the part of Qadhafi and the Libyan revolutionary movement, the idea of a United States of Africa is gaining real momentum and support on the continent and amongst Pan-Africanists worldwide. Unity is something the imperialists fear and loathe. They are well aware that a united Africa would completely alter the balance of power globally. The well-documented fact is that if Africa stopped the flow of all resources and raw materials to the Western nations for just one week, the United States and Europe would grind to a halt. They are that dependent on Africa, and are therefore determined to maintain their ability to control events on the continent. The leader of the Nation of Islam in the US, Minister Louis Farrakhan, pointed out many years ago at a conference in Libya, “Europe and the US cannot go forward into the new century without unfettered access to the vast natural resources of Africa.” He added: “Qadhafi is one who stands in their way.” If they cannot maintain control, then at least they must try to maintain Africa’s divisions, thereby ensuring it is always in a position of weakness. African unity and true independence is something white supremacy, in all of its manifestations – capitalism, imperialism and neo-colonialism – will oppose with all its might. The French are presently spearheading a plan, with other southern European nations, to form a Mediterranean bloc, incorporating the whole of North Africa, to try to bring about the balkanisation of the continent, in an attempt to halt this unification project. Liberation Movements Worldwide Called, Qadhafi Answered In addition to his tireless efforts in the Arab and African worlds, in 1982 the World Mathaba was established in Libya. Mathaba means a gathering place for people with a common purpose. The World Mathaba brought together revolutionaries and freedom fighters from every corner of the globe to share ideas and develop their revolutionary knowledge. Many liberation groups throughout the world received education, training and support, including the ANC, AZAPO, PAC and BCM of Azania (South Africa), SWAPO of Namibia, MPLA of Angola, the Sandinistas of Nicaragua, the Polisario of the Sahara, the PLO, the Moro National Liberation Front of the Philippines, the Pattani National Liberation Front of Thailand, the Dalits of India, Indigenous movements throughout the Americas and the Nation of Islam led by Louis Farrakhan to name but a few. Nelson Mandela called Muammar Qadhafi one of the 20th century’s greatest freedom fighters, and insisted the eventual collapse of the apartheid system owed much to Qadhafi and Libyan support. Mandela said that, “in the darkest moments of our struggle, when our backs were to the wall, Muammar Qadhafi stood with us.” Having examined not only the words and writings, but also Qadhafi’s life time of unwavering revolutionary action dedicated to the liberation of humankind, it is not difficult to answer the questions posed above regarding how Qadhafi’s revolutionary Islam has played out in practice? Why this man and the revolution he has led is such a threat to Western powers, and why freedom fighters from all over Africa are willing to fight to the death for him and the Libyan revolution. The Final Act – Imperialism’s Last Hideous Gasp As neo-liberalism and neo-colonialism plunges the world deeper and deeper into chaos, Western imperialism is in crisis. As people revolt in every corner of the world, their ability to influence global affairs is challenged. Even in the economic sphere, their power is decreasing, as China, India and Brazil emerge as vital new trading partners in Africa and South America. In the words of Kwame Nkrumah, “Neo-colonialism is not a sign of imperialism’s strength, but rather of its last hideous gasp.” As the capitalist crisis worsens, the imperialists will become more and more desperate in their attempts to regain their influence and direct events as they are used to doing. Events which they are increasingly incapable of comprehending – not only because of the speed at which these events are occurring, but also because of the complexity of the events and the paradigm shifts taking place, that are, quite simply, far outside the Western imagination. Furthermore, they have lost all credibility as the Iraq and Afghanistan debacles continue. The Emperor is naked, and the hypocrisy of the Empire has become so transparent, that even the least informed observers are finally realising that something is horribly wrong. Imperialism is experiencing its ‘last hideous gasp’ and it is imperative for progressive movements and decent minded citizens worldwide to seize this moment and to oppose this current assault on Libya with all of our collective strength. Those who still struggle to see the wood from the trees will remain enablers of the reactionary and destructive forces that have arrested the advancement of humanity, subjugating and enslaving us since the beginning of time. GERALD A. PERREIRA is from Guyana and a founding member of the Guyanese organisations, Joint Initiative for Human Advancement and Dignity and Black Consciousness Movement Guyana (BCMG). He lived and worked in Libya for many years and served in the Green March, an international battalion for the defence of the Libyan revolution, and was an executive member of the World Mathaba based in Tripoli. The above article appeared in New Dawn No. 126 (May-June 2011). Prudence before Reaching the North Pole …..Take Your Hands off the North Pole  My concern in tackling this new challenge is world peace and the security of peoples The Address of Brother Leader to the Students and Faculty of Meiji University, Japan Inland Seas and Foreign Fleets  There is a lot of talk about the maintenance of world peace, preventing wars and saving Statement of the Brother Leader at the General Assembly of the United Nations China..America..The inevitable Confrontation I dealt with the problem of the Ukraine in view of its impact on international peace. In Observance of the Anniversary of the Birth of the Last Prophet, Muhammad (Peace and Prayers be upon Him),

01Saturday, January 2011

Initiatives Ukraine, a real problem Provoking Russia The Pakistani Conundrum International Investments and Oil Supplies are in Danger Banning of machine guns The 1997 Ottawa convention must be reviewed The Illegality of the International Criminal Courts and Tribunals The FIFA : Reform or Abolition UN Reform: A Message to All Countries The Arab League: Ignoring Reality, or Ignorance of it Africa’s Urgent Need of Stability The Kurds Come Out Empty Handed Kashmir: The Definitive Solution White Book (Isratine) Solving the Korean Problem Turkey, Europe and the Bin-Ladenists Earth Summit Biological Weapons Analysis of the current Crisis of Terrorism in the World

Speeches
The Brother Leader Addresses the Faculty and Students of Cambridge University   The Brother Leader Addresses the Students of Oxford University Discussing the Issues Facing Africa in the Twenty-First Century In the Historic City of Agadez, the Brother Leader of the Revolution Leads Heads of State and other The Meeting of the Brother Leader with the Heads of Churches Statement of the Brother Leader on Migration and Development The brother, the leader of the revolution leads Presidents and Muslims from different parts of the world in prayer, and delivers a speech in Timbuktu:
	Meeting with Int’l Dignitaries  Affiliated with The Green Auditorium			Meeting of the Brother Leader with Members of the Russian Duma				The Brother Leader Presents  His Strategic Vision of an African Cultural Revolution
	The Brother Leader Discusses the Issue of Capital Punishment			The Brother Leader Speaks to the Supreme Council of Judicial Bodies

Audio O Confronto Inevitável O Irmão Líder Fala sobre a Ucrânia: Um verdadeiro problema   Provocando a Rússia O Dilema do Paquistão Investimentos Internacionais e Suprimentos de Petróleo Estão Em Perigo Em Cerimônia do Aniversário de Nascimento do Último Profeta, Maomé (que a Paz e a Bênção de Deus estejam sobre Ele) BANINDO METRALHADORAS O Tratado de OTTAWA de 1997 deve ser revisto O Irmão Líder Dirige-se aos Professores e Estudantes da Universidade de Cambridge O Irmão Líder dirige-se aos Estudantes da Universidade de Oxford sobre a África no século XXI Na Cidade Histórica de Agadez, o Irmão, Líder da Revolução, Reúne Chefes de Estado e outros Muçulmanos em Oração Encontro do Irmao Lider com os Chefes de Igrejas presentes na Grande Jamahiriya, os Embaixadores dos Paises Amigos A Ilegalidade dos Tribunais Penais Internacionais Declaração do Líder Muammar Al-Gathafi na Reunião Ministerial Sobre Migração e Desenvolvimento da União Africana/ União Europeia A Reforma da Organização das Nações Unidas: Uma Mensagem a Todos os Países do Mundo O irmão, o líder da revolução conduz presidentes e muçulmanos de diferentes partes do mundo em oração e realiza um discurso em Tombuctu Reunião do irmão Líder com escritores, homen de letras e parlamentarios europeus, e estadounidenses afiliados do Auditorio Verde Mondial Encontro do irmão líder Com membros da Duma russa, Pensadores, Escritores e Homens de Letras O Irmao Lider da Revolucao Apresenta aos Intelectuais Africanos Sua Visao Estrategica de Uma Revolucao Cultural Africana O Irmão Líder da Revolução discursa aos chefes e membros dos órgãos judiciários do Comitê Popular O Líder da Revolução fala ao Conselho Supremo dos Órgãos Judiciais e aos Chefes dos Órgãos Judiciais Liga Árabe: Ignorando a Realidade ou Desconhendo-a? O Curdos Foram Espoliados ISRATINA A Turquia, a Europa e os apoiantes de Bin-Laden Armas Biológicas A Necessidade Urgente de Estabilidade em África Caxemira: A Solução Definitiva A Resolução da Questão Coreana Cimeira da Terra : LAGO CHADE Cimeira da Terra : DELTA DO NILO / EGIPTO Cimeira da Terra : MAR ARAL A Análise do Líder acerca da actual Crise de Terrorismo no Mundo

Muammar Al Qadhafi Muammar Al Qadhafi’s Original Complete Website Archive alqathafi.org First Communiqué Of The Al Fateh Revolution The Green Book Audio Statement Of The Brother Leader At The General Assembly Of The United Nations The Illegality Of The International Criminal Courts And Tribunals UN Reform: A Message To All Countries Of The World The White Book The Brother Leader Of The Revolution Presents To African Intellectuals His Strategic Vision Of An African Cultural Revolution To Preserve The African Identity, Its Historical Roots And Age-Old Cultural Heritage Statement Of The Leader Muammar Al-Gathafi In The African Union/ European Union Ministerial Meeting On Migration And Development The Brother, The Leader Of The Revolution Leads Presidents And Muslims From Different Parts Of The World In Prayer, And Delivers A Speech In Timbuktu In Observance Of The Anniversary Of The Birth Of The Last Prophet, Muhammad… The Meeting Of The Brother Leader With The Heads Of Churches Present Throughout The Great Jamahiriya, The Ambassadors Of Friendly Countries, And Political, Religious And Cultural Figures In Libyan Society Africa’s Urgent Need Of Stability The Arab League: Ignoring Reality, Or Ignorance Of It The Brother Leader Addresses The Students Of Oxford University On Africa In The 21st Century The Brother Leader Addresses The Faculty And Students Of Cambridge University The Address Of Brother Leader To The Students And Faculty Of Meiji University, Japan The Leader’s Analysis Of The Current Crisis Of Terrorism In The World International Investments And Oil Supplies Are In Danger The 1997 Ottawa Convention Must Be Reviewed Biological Weapons Banning Of Machine Guns Johannesburg Earth Summit Provoking Russia Meeting Of The Brother Leader With Members Of The Russian Duma, Thinkers, Writers And Men Of Letters China…America..The inevitable Confrontation The Meeting Of The Brother Leader With European And American Writers, Men Of Letters And Parliamentarians Affiliated With The Global Green Auditorium Turkey, Europe And The Bin-Ladenists Solving The Korean Problem Ukraine, A Real Problem Kashmir: The Definitive Solution The Pakistani Conundrum The Kurds Come Out Empty-Handed The Brother Leader Speaks To The Supreme Council Of Judicial Bodies And To The Chiefs Of Judicial Bodies The Brother Leader Discusses The Issue Of Capital Punishment Inland Seas And Foreign Fleets Prudence Before Reaching The North Pole …..Take Your Hands Off The North Pole The FIFA: Reform or Abolition The Leader’s Speech Marking The 39th Anniversary Of The Al Fateh Revolution Muammar Al Qadhafi: Yasser Arafat Was Poisoned Muammar Al Qadhafi Calls For The Awakening Of Sub-Saharan African Communitees Muammar Al Qadhafi: The World Affairs Council, Washington, DC In Cooperation With The World Affairs Councils Of America Muammar Al Qadhafi’s Full Speech February, 2011 عاجل – خطاب القذافي ليلة وصول الثوار الى طرابلس Short Stories By Muammar Al Qadhafi This Dangerous Dream By Muammar Al Qadhafi نص محاضرة الأخ قائد الثورة في طلبة جامعة أوكـسفورد البريطانية حول افريقيا في القرن الواحد والعشرين نص كلمة الأخ قائد الثورة في جلسة القمة الثامنة لمجموعة سيماك نص خطاب الأخ قائد الثورة فى المهرجان الكبير الذي أقامته جماهيــر المــــــــؤتمرات الشعبية الأساسية إحياء للذكرى 92 لمعركة القرضابية  الأخ القائد يؤم الرؤساء وجموع المسلمين من كافة أنحاء العالم بمدينة أغاديس التاريخية في تظاهرة التحدي الإسلامي الكبرى الثانية احتفالاً بذكرى مولد خاتم أنبياء الله محمد( صلى الله عليه وسلم ). الأخ قائد الثورة يلتقي بالفعاليات الطبية بالجماهيرية العظمى نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورةفي الجلسة الصباحيـة للاجتماع العادي الثاني لمجلس التخطيط العام نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورة في لقائه أمناء المؤتمـرات الشعبية الأساسية في شعبيات  نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورة في مؤتمر الأخ قائد ثورة الفاتح العظيم العقيد معمر القذافي يتحدث أمام حشد من فعاليات نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورة في ضابطات الشعب المسلح والأمن العام والجمارك الاخ قائد الثورة في الحديث المهم الذي ألقاه في جماهير النساء بمدينة سبها : أرجو من  نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورة في لقائه مجلس التخطيط العام  نص حديث الاخ قائد الثورة في الجلسة الافتتاحية تأكيدا على دور الأخ قائد الثورة في ترسيخ وتعزيز سلطة الشعب سلطة كل الناس الأخ قائد الثورة يتحدث في فعاليات الشعب الليبي كلمة الأخ قائد الثورة في المجلس الاعلى للهيئات القضائية الأخ القائد يتحدث فى الجلسة الافتتاحية لمؤتمر الشعب العام يوم الثلاثاء  نص اللقاء الذي أجرته قناة أبوظبي الفضائية مع الأخ قائد الثورة Libyan Revolutionary Committees Movement Documents First Communiqué Of The Al Fateh Revolution Proclamation Of The Establishment of Popular Authority The Green Book Language Of The Third Universal Theory The Great Green Charter Of Human Rights Of The Jamahiriyan Era Commentary On The Green Book (Arabic) Commentary On The Green Book: The World Has Not Changed Commentary On The Green Book: Class Struggle Commentary On The Green Book: Correctional Systems With Solutions Commentary On The Green Book: Crisis Of Sovereignty And Legislation Commentary On The Green Book: The Value Of Human Society  Commentary On The Green Book: Categories Of Reactionaries Commentary On The Green Book: Revolution Of The Working People Commentary On The Green Book: The Struggle For Power Commentary On The Green Book: A New Economy Commentary On The Green Book: The Law And Conflict Commentary On The Green Book: How A Society’s Wealth Is Distributed Commentary On The Green Book: New Socialist Society Commentary On The Green Book: Property and Productivity Commentary On The Green Book: Change The Masses Commentary On The Green Book: Worker’s Revolution Commentary On The Green Book: The Revolutionary Committees Commentary On The Green Book: Community Partners In The Revolution نص محاضرة الأخ قائد الثورة في طلبة جامعة أوكـسفورد البريطانية حول افريقيا في القرن الواحد والعشرين نص كلمة الأخ قائد الثورة في جلسة القمة الثامنة لمجموعة سيماك نص خطاب الأخ قائد الثورة فى المهرجان الكبير الذي أقامته جماهيــر المــــــــؤتمرات الشعبية الأساسية إحياء للذكرى 92 لمعركة القرضابية  الأخ القائد يؤم الرؤساء وجموع المسلمين من كافة أنحاء العالم بمدينة أغاديس التاريخية في تظاهرة التحدي الإسلامي الكبرى الثانية احتفالاً بذكرى مولد خاتم أنبياء الله محمد( صلى الله عليه وسلم ). الأخ قائد الثورة يلتقي بالفعاليات الطبية بالجماهيرية العظمى نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورةفي الجلسة الصباحيـة للاجتماع العادي الثاني لمجلس التخطيط العام نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورة في لقائه أمناء المؤتمـرات الشعبية الأساسية في شعبيات  نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورة في مؤتمر الأخ قائد ثورة الفاتح العظيم العقيد معمر القذافي يتحدث أمام حشد من فعاليات نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورة في ضابطات الشعب المسلح والأمن العام والجمارك الاخ قائد الثورة في الحديث المهم الذي ألقاه في جماهير النساء بمدينة سبها : أرجو من  نص حديث الأخ قائد الثورة في لقائه مجلس التخطيط العام  نص حديث الاخ قائد الثورة في الجلسة الافتتاحية تأكيدا على دور الأخ قائد الثورة في ترسيخ وتعزيز سلطة الشعب سلطة كل الناس الأخ قائد الثورة يتحدث في فعاليات الشعب الليبي كلمة الأخ قائد الثورة في المجلس الاعلى للهيئات القضائية الأخ القائد يتحدث فى الجلسة الافتتاحية لمؤتمر الشعب العام يوم الثلاثاء  نص اللقاء الذي أجرته قناة أبوظبي الفضائية مع الأخ قائد الثورة

Video Declaração do Irmão Líder na Assembléia Geral das Nações Unidas Em Cerimônia do Aniversário de Nascimento do Último Profeta, Maomé  (que a Paz e a Bênção de Deus estejam sobre Ele) O Irmão Líder Dirige-se aos Professores e Estudantes da Universidade de Cambridge  O Irmão Líder dirige-se aos Estudantes da Universidade de Oxford sobre a África no século XXI Na Cidade Histórica de Agadez, o Irmão, Líder da Revolução, Reúne Chefes de Estado e outros Muçulmanos em Oração durante Encontro do Irmao Lider com os Chefes de Igrejas presentes na Grande Jamahiriya, os Embaixadores dos Paises Amigos  Declaração do Líder Muammar Al-Gathafi na Reunião Ministerial Sobre Migração e Desenvolvimento da União Africana  O irmão, o líder da revolução conduz presidentes e muçulmanos de diferentes partes do mundo em oração e realiza Reunião do irmão Líder com escritores, homen de letras e parlamentarios europeus, e estadounidenses afiliados do Auditorio Verde Mondial Encontro do irmão líder Com membros da Duma russa, Pensadores, Escritores e Homens de Letras O Irmao Lider da Revolucao Apresenta aos Intelectuais Africanos Sua Visao Estrategica de Uma Revolucao Cultural Africana para Preservar O Irmão Líder da Revolução discursa aos chefes e membros dos órgãos judiciários do Comitê Popular Geral da Justiça, acadêmicos, O Líder da Revolução fala ao Conselho Supremo dos Órgãos Judiciais e aos Chefes dos Órgãos Judiciais

Vidéos publiées par MoamerATRIX – NEO GODafi – Reloaded Revolutions

de MoamerATRIX – NEO GODafi – Reloaded Revolutions (vidéos)

http://www.facebook.com/home.php?sk=group_178288478891388#!/video/video.php?v=247985461885116&oid=119642108112227&comments

14:51   

WHY “THEY” ARE ATTACKING AFRICA(N)/LIBYA(N) LEADER M.A.GADDAFI ?!

de MoamerATRIX – NEO GODafi – Reloaded Revolutions (vidéos)

MUST SEE, SHARE, SPREAD THIS VIDEO(S) !!!
WHY ‘IllumiNWatO Banksters – Neocolonial-Imperialists’ ARE ATTACKING AFRICA(N)/LIBYA(N) LEADER MUAMMAR AL GADDAFI !?
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Michael Parenti – “The Face of Imperialism”
http://vimeo.com/24245944Michael Parenti – Giant Corporate Capitalism Part 1 of 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTrEAhNhJwIMichael Parenti – Giant Corporate Capitalism Part 2 of 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRJRRqpiCFsCORPORATE FASCISM — The Destruction of Americas Middle Class
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELvZVv67TlI&feature=relatedLies, War, and Empire – Part I
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZTrY3TQpzwLies, War, and Empire – Part II
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaTPDFsDdIkTalk – The US War on Yugoslavia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEzOgpMWnVs

!!>>
BE AWARE !!!
LOOK WHAT’S GONNA HAPPEND TO YOUR COUNTRY IF YOU ARE NOT WELL PREPARED AGAINST THAT !!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYUOGeAwFKQ
….AND READ THIS: http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=141398859269885
Economic Crisis and Social Explosion
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=25454

——–>
THE MANY LIES TOLD BY THE WEST IN THEIR WAR AGAINST LIBYA
*A- THE REAL REASONS FOR THE WAR IN LIBYA*
1- The first African satellite RASCOM 1
2- African Monetary Fund, African Central Bank, African Investment Bank
3- REGIONAL TRADE BLOCS AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO THE CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AFRICA
…..open this photo in new tab and read whole story.
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=123335017742936

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Obama & His actions in Lybia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6cR2uTPG4I
NOT IN MY NAME!!!

US looks on Libya as McDonald’s – Gaddafi’s son

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Published: 01 July, 2011, 02:33
Edited: 01 July, 2011, 10:47

USA looks upon Libya as fast food expecting a fast war and a quick victory, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi.

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TRENDS: Arab world protests Libya’s Odyssey Dawn

TAGS: Arms, Conflict, Crime, Military, NATO, UN, Interview, Politics, Human rights, Maria Finoshina, Opposition, Libya

USA looks upon Libya as fast food expecting a fast war and a quick victory, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, the son of the Libyan leader wanted by the ICC, told RT. But the West will never get what they want, he added.

­“Many countries, Iran and North Korea are among them, told us it was our mistake to give up, to have stopped developing long-range missiles and to become friendly with the West. Our example means one should never trust the West and should always be on alert – for them it is fine to change their mind overnight and start bombing Libya,” said Saif al-Islam Gaddafi.

“One of our biggest mistakes was that we delayed buying new weapons, especially from Russia, and delayed building a strong army. We thought Europeans were our friends; our mistake was to be tolerant with our enemies”.

Gaddafi’s son was charged by the International Criminal Court on June 27 for a “state policy aimed at deterring by any means, including lethal force, the demonstrations of civilians against the Gaddafi regime” alongside his father Muammar Gaddafi and his military intelligence chief General Abdullah al-Sanoussi. However the Libyan leader’s son sees the charge differently.

“They do not accuse me of policy, they accuse me of killing people, and everybody knows it. For me to be responsible for killing people was a joke. This would have happened anywhere in the world if people in the street moved towards a military site trying to steal ammunition or arms. Of course the military would prevent them!” stated Saif al-Islam Gaddafi.

The son of the Libyan leader denied either he or his father had ordered the killing of protesters.

“No, nobody ordered to kill them, the guards just fired, that’s it. And they do not need permission to do that.”

“It’s a fake court. Under the table they are trying to negotiate with us a deal. They say if you accept this deal, we will take care of the court. What does that mean? It means this court is controlled by those countries which are attacking us every day! It is just to put psychological and political pressure on us. That’s it. Of course, it won’t work. The court is a joke here in Libya,” concluded the son of the Libyan leader.

Saif al-Islam Gaddafi said the West has only one target – Libya. “The country is a like a piece of cake for them – it is rich, it has gas, oil and money, so they must kill my father to get the cake. What they don’t understand is that the fighting will not stop if my father goes. Libyans will continue fighting until one day the country will be back to the Libyans,”concluded Saif al-Islam Gaddafi.

“We told them ‘You want elections? OK – let’s do elections. We will bring observers from Russia, from America, from the African Union, from the European Union, from the United Nations to supervise the elections. And if we win – you should accept the results, if we lose – congratulations.’ They answered ‘no.’,” Saif al-Islam Gaddafi went on.  “Our goal is to march to Tripoli. We have to march to Tripoli and occupy Tripoli. By force. So, you want to fight? OK, we will fight. And you will lose. And soon, because you have no chance. You have 40 ships in front of our coast, you have hundreds of airplanes, you have 17 satellites from America and France, you have everything, but you are losing every day. Why? Because the people are not with you.”

“The Libyans are united not just around my father as a leader but they are united around other moral values. They are fighting for their country, for their people. They know that NATO is here and is bombing not because they want to help us, or because it is so nice to us or because it is so generous towards the Libyan people, but because they have their own interest. And the rebels are with NATO not because they are pro-democracy or fighting for freedom. It has nothing to do with this. They have their own interests. They want to share the cake – they want to share this country,”

said Saif al-Islam Gaddafi.

The son of the Libyan leader acknowledged that the West won the media war at the outset because it planned to say Gaddafi was in Venezuela, the rebels were occupying Tripoli and the regime was gone.

“They seeded big chaos in the whole country. We are still now suffering from that chaos. But now the Libyans are winning. The Security Council issued its resolution against Libya because of fake media reports saying that the Libyan air force is bombing civilian districts in Tripoli and killing – but go there and show me any evidence of such killings. We told everyone – please, send a fact-finding mission to Libya to find out what’s happened. They said no. We are going to bomb you.”

“Nobody will give up and raise a white flag. And the Libyans will not allow them to do that. And the fight will continue,” added Saif al-Islam Gaddafi.

At the end of the interview, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi said it was time for Russia to step in to play a positive role in the escalating conflict and show that it is a superpower.

“Libya is a great opportunity for Russia to become a superpower. It’s similar to what happened in Egypt when the Soviet Union managed to stop the French and the British. It’s exactly what is happening now in Libya. And from then on the Soviet Union became a super power, because at that time it said: you stop aggression against Egypt, or we are going to bomb London and Paris. It’s the same again.”

http://rt.com/news/interview-gaddafi-libya-usa/

The Truth About Libya — Not Shown On Your TV Posted: 2011/06/30 From: Mathaba <!–abbr title=”Coming Soon! (Not Yet Working)”><sup–><!–/sup></small–>   http://api.flattr.com/button/view/?uid=27697&category=text&button=compact&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathaba.net%2Fnews%2F%3Fx%3D626507&title=The%20Truth%20About%20Libya%20–%20Not%20Shown%20On%20Your%20TV&description=More%3A%20Some%20readings%20and%20viewings%20that%20shatter%20many%20of%20the%20media%20lies.& showInitialOdiogoReadNowFrame (_odiogo_feed_id, ‘626507’, 290, 0);

Some readings and viewings that shatter many of the media lies. http://ads.heyu.net/www/delivery/afr.php?zoneid=24&target=_top&cb=random&ct0=clickurl HeyU Quality Ads The symbol of the Libyan revolution, who took power from a corrupt king in 1969 and handed it over to his people via a novel system of direct participatry democracy in 1977, Mu’ammar al-Qadhafi, has a web site www.algathafi.org which was for a week shut down by the USA, but is now back on-line, this time in Russia.And the Libyan television and other media sites have also been shut down by America. What are they afraid of? The truth? All those web sites have nothing but information about peace, democracy and about the effects of the NATO bombing of Libya now is over 3 months non-stop, after saying it’d take them 2 days. 10 reasons why the US war in Libya is a CIA Operation.One site that cannot be censored or shut down, which can be downloaded and fit onto a micro-SD card or even less, or saved onto your mobile, and be blue-toothed from mobile to mobile when you meet your friends, also contains the way to direct participatory democracy, one of the things that NATO is trying to shut down. That site is www.greencharter.com and it is yours to mutate and spread, so that we can have true democracy, real peace and positive development around the world, justice and people’s power. For those who are unaware of what Qaddafi has done that has made him the target of the western elite, this video provides a very good education on the history of Qaddafi and some of what he has done:

GADHAFI, A teacher/father exhorts to his fellow countrymen

Gadhafi has no official government function and is known as the “Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution.” The system of rule created by Gadhafi — the “Jamahiriya,” or “rule by masses” — is highly decentralized, run by “popular committees” in a complicated hierarchy that is outlined in Muammar al-Gadhafi’s “Green Book”.
FROM SANDRO MAGISTER: Professor Khaled Fouad Allam who explains it, in a commentary in “Il Sole 24 Ore,” the most widely circulated financial daily in Italy and Europe, on 23 February 2011.
Libya has never been a homogeneous nation. It is a tangle of Arab, Berber, and African tribes, for each of which group loyalty matters more than anything else. At the outbreak of the revolt, entire cities and regions were quickly made autonomous.
In Libya there are no real and proper state institutions, no parliament, no army that could assume power, as happened in Egypt.
For Gaddafi, the “revolution” is the Muslem society purified of the man-corrupted and interpreted traditions. The Sunna, Safi and Shi-ite consider him foreign. He is distasteful to the bulk of the Sunni Muslim world itself.
In 1976 Gadafi changed the country’s name to the Great Socialist Popular Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah (State of the Masses)and on the 2nd of MARCH 1977, gave all powers over to the Popular Congresses and the People’s Committees, so that the people rule themselves.   http://www.greencharter.com/files/gb1.htm

The Green Book

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18 MARCH 2011: (CISA NEWS AFRICA)

http://www.cisanewsafrica.com/?p=764
LIBYA: Islamic Body of Muammar al-Qathafi invites Vatican to help Find Peace

TRIPOLI, 18 March 2011 (CISA) –The World Islamic Call Society (WICS), founded and sposored by Muammar al-Qathafi,

is calling on the Holy See to contribute to finding a peaceful solution to the crisis in Libya, says the Apostolic Vicar of Tripoli Bishop Giovanni Innocenzo Martinelli.

“Yesterday I had a fruitful meeting with the Secretary General of the World Islamic Call Society, an institution funded by Libya, which is involved in inter-religious dialogue and the promotion of Islam throughout the world,”

the bishop told Fides.
Bishop Martinelli said,

“The Secretary General of the WICS was grateful for the presence of the Catholic Church in Libya and particularly for the service by religious sisters in various hospitals.”
The Secretary General of WICS believes that the media have not always provided accurate information of the Libyan situation and this is not helpful in finding a solution to the problem, because the prejudices contribute to finding solutions that are not appropriate, Bishop Martinelli said.

“I reiterated to the Secretary General of WICS my opinion that we must find mediators to resolve the crisis. He replied that they are trying, even though it is not easy. Incidentally, hearts are wounded and to heal these type of wounds is not easy,’

Bishop Martinelli added.
According to the bishop, this week a mission from the African Union is expected in Libya.

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Gadhafi : the Corsican connection

Investigation / mardi 19 février 2008 par Anne Giudicelli

Does Muammar Gadhafi, the venerable Guide of the Libyan Revolution, have Corsican ancestry ? According to a tenacious rumor on the Isle of Beauty, he is the son of a Corsican fighter pilot, a Free French hero on a mission in Libya during World War II. Although there’s no irrefutable proof, there is a not-insignificant trail of evidence, which Air Force officers have been looking into in recent years. « Bakchich » investigated.

Did you know you’re in Gadhafi’s father’s hometown ?” The rare mainlanders stopping off in Vezzani, a charming little village on a mountainside in Upper Corsica, are informed right away. Quite proudly, the townspeople offer up the information unprompted : if village lore is to be believed, Colonel Muammar Gadhafi, the Libyan head of state, is the son of a Corsican air force pilot by the name of Albert Preziosi.

Ah, Albert ! His shadow still falls over Vezzani. As soon as you enter the village, a marble plaque on the Post Office building honors the memory of the Captain, who was born in 1915 and died in 1943, in the sky over Russia, in the cockpit of a fighter plane in the Normandy-Niemen squadron. A few turns in the road later, and you come across the village monument to its war dead, which commemorates this officer, “who died a hero’s death during an airborne battle North-East of Karachev,” and whose body was never found. Even in Town Hall, a framed photo of young Albert in uniform takes up more room on the wall than the official portrait of omni-president Sarkozy…

Drapeau à tête de Kadhafi

© Khalid

Like the citizens of his town, Jean-Pierre Pagni, the Mayor of Vezzani, isn’t the least bit surprised when you ask him about the “legend” of Gaddafi’s Corsican ancestry. Au contraire. He’s “always heard tell of it”. But, like the rest of them, he has never had in his possession any “documents that would prove it… or disprove it either.” Gesturing towards the airman’s portrait (see here some pictures), he can’t help pointing out that, “The resemblance between Albert Preziosi and the young Muammar Gaddafi is uncanny though, don’t you think ? That doesn’t prove anything, of course, but it’s a nice story.” If the “legend” were ever proven, it would be fine with him, “The town is prepared to provide Mr. Gaddafi with land where he could install a tent, or build a house !” !

An encounter in Niger

Like the locals in Vezzani, influential islanders are fascinated with the “legend” too. And they all want a piece of the action. In the opinion of Alexandre Alessandrini, Member of the General Council for the Canton of Vezzani and of the Corsican Assembly, certain political events could confirm good old Gaddafi’s Corsican ancestry : specifically Libyan support for Corsican nationalists, at the start of their violent period in the 70s. Looking you right in the eye, he states that, “Some nationalists were invited to Libyan weapons and explosives training camp.” Proof positive, as far as the Council member is concerned, that the Colonel had a soft spot for his revolutionary cousins.

But times have changed. Gaddafi is now persona non grata on the Continent. Which makes it all the more a shame that the “local boy” didn’t “take advantage of his official visit to France to spend some time in Corsica : he would have received a warm welcome.” Warmer than on the mainland in any case… The same sentiment is expressed by François Quilichini, a dashing retiree from the Security Branch of the French Police Force in Ajaccio (the capital of Corsica) and one-time “colonial officer,” from 1967 to 1977. At the time he was the security-intelligence bureau chief for the president of Niger.

He remembers in great detail the young Libyan head of state’s first official visit to his Nigerian counterpart, Hamani Diori. “In January 1974, President Diori met with Colonel Gaddafi in Zinder (a Saharan city in Niger that is close to the Libyan border). I attended the meeting. In the evening, President Diori informed me that I had shaken a compatriot’s hand ! That’s how I learned that Gaddafi’s father was Corsican.” At the time, “I didn’t look into it, and now I regret it. But you have to admit that the hypothesis makes sense, considering Albert Preziosi’s presence in Libya in the 40s. And in the colonial army, Corsicans were the ones who got involved with the natives the most…”

Minimal archives

Seen from Vezzani, the legend of Gaddafi’s Corsican ancestry is so tenacious that it has made it into the “Isle of Beauty’s” collective imagination. Yet despite all the whispering, there is no paper trail. Not yet, anyway. No biography of Albert Preziosi mentions the birth of a Libyan love child. Nor do any contradict it either. For that matter, there isn’t much documentation to be had about the pilot’s life.

If you get in touch with the Air Force’s history department, located in Vincennes (near Paris), which centralizes documents and is a reference for biographers and war historians, the fact is that the “Preziosi” file is pretty slim : a few biographical elements from the specialized press, plus his Air Force records. They don’t even have the article published in 1977 by the far-right weekly Minute, whose headline read “Could Gaddafi be the son of a Corsican captain ?”, despite the article’s impact on the island.

The Air Force official’s opinion

Although Albert Preziosi’s file, consulted in the Air Force archives, is slim, Bakchich did manage to dig up one gem : a hitherto unpublished exchange of letters between upper-echeleon French officers referring, in no uncertain terms, to Gaddafi’s Corsican ancestry. Proof positive that Bakchich isn’t the only one following this trail, because, as the document, dated March 15, 1999, attests, high-ranking officers in the French Air Force are taking it seriously.

This letter was written by the head of the department, General Silvestre de Sacy, on Air Force Historical Service letterhead, in response to a Colonel’s query about the veracity of the Preziosi/Gaddafi connection. In a pompous style, the General admits from the get-go, “I have myself heard [this issue] mentioned frequently” but “I have never consulted the archives to see if there could be a grain of truth to the rumors concerning Captain Preziosi.

Your letter was an excuse for me to delve into this business more closely.”All the more so in that the Colonel had clearly done the groundwork himself. “If we accept that Gaddafi was born in early 1943, as you have written,” the General goes on, “he would have been conceived in the second quarter of 1942. That period does indeed correspond to one in which the “Alsace” squadron, to which Captain Preziosi belonged before he joined “ Normandy”, was stationed in Fuka, in the northern part of the Libyan desert (…) The squadron left Fuka in late June.” So the time and place, confirmed by Air Force archives, would seem to support the Colonel’s theory, wouldn’t they ? Not at all ! The General begs to differ, and he has his reasons.

First of all, there’s the question of distance, carefully calculated. “Fuka is in Egyptian territory, at approximately 280 km. (175 miles) from the Libyan border, more than 600 km. (400 mi.) from the desert of Sirte, more than 1,000 km. (600 mi.) from the Sebha oasis [Fezzan zone] and more than 1,500 km (900 miles) from the Ghadames one.” Conclusion : “It would have been absolutely impossible for Preziosi to have been in those different places.” If the General says so…

In addition, “contact” would have had to have taken place in order for a child to have been conceived, and “Fuka is totally cut off.” Besides, war is serious business, and “Squadron personnel would not have been distracted by the presence of women” (sic). And finally, “a statement received from an [unnamed] comrade-in-arms of Preziosi’s, who shared his tent (re-sic)” definitively settles the question, because it “allows us to believe that these rumors are totally unfounded.” The conclusion to this brilliant demonstration reads like an order “Therefore, for my part, I am absolutely convinced that these rumors must be firmly denied.” Is that perfectly clear ?

Exit the Air Force archives, at least for the moment. The only hope at this stage of the investigation : retrace Albert Preziosi’s steps in Libya ourselves. Purpose : check if the dates really do coincide with those of Muammar Gaddafi’s conception. According to his official biography, the Guide of the Revolution was born on June 19, 1942 in Sirte, into a Bedouin family of the Senussi tribe, which originated in the Fezzan region, near the Niger-Chad border. Therefore, he must have been conceived in September or October 1941.

So where was handsome Albert just then ? Alas ! Although the few written accounts referring to Pilot Preziosi (historical accounts of the Normandy-Niemen squadron, aviation encyclopedias, history textbooks, etc.) do agree that the airman was stationed in Libya at some point, they diverge when it comes to precise dates and places. Nevertheless, among Preziosi’s many hypothetical Libyan itineraries, one trail stands out : that the pilot would have followed General Leclerc’s division in its famous Fezzan campaign. The French did in fact set up camp in this region in the 40s, before they began running it administratively, from 1943 to 1951. There is abundant historical data to back this up. General Leclerc left Africa to cut off the Italian and German army’s rear guard.

The first contingent of his division left England for Africa on August 30, 1940. As luck would have it, two of Preziosi’s fellow travelers – Jacques Soufflet and Yves Ezanno – left France in June, 1940. Like them, Preziosi probably hooked up with Leclerc’s division in northern Chad, then crossed southern Libya heading first for Egypt, then Rayak (Syria), where he is known to have arrived in late 1941. Taking those dates into account, the pilot could have met a Libyan woman from near Fezzan right around the time that Muammar Gaddafi was conceived. Preziosi might well be one of those airmen who dons mufti in wartime in order to increase their mission’s chances of success.

Kadhafi parachutiste

© Khalid

Comrades in arms tell all

In this context, whatever Albert Preziosi’s few surviving comrades-in-arms have to say should be very useful indeed. After all, they’re the only ones left who can still connect the dots. Captain Georges Masurel is one of the last Free French members around to tell their epic tale. A mechanic turned gunner turned pilot, he ran into Albert Preziosi for the first time in Libya, in 1942, as part of the Alsace squadron. Later, he was Preziosi’s mechanic in “Neu-Neu”, the Normandy-Niemen squad’s nickname.

Confirming the thesis of Muammar Gaddafi Corsican sire, he declares that “Preziosi was bound to have been with the Leclerc division guys” prior to late 1941, when he made his way to the base in Rayak to help train pilots. “The Alsace squadron had a lot of men who had “done Africa” and therefore had been through Libya.” So had Georges Masurel heard about a liaison between his traveling companion and a Libyan woman ? “Oui,” he declares unequivocally, but because of a different incident.

A surprising one, which may have started everything… During the summer of 1942, while the French forces were fighting the Italians and the Germans at Bir Hakeim, in north-eastern Libya, Masurel and his fellow squadron members found out that the plane piloted by Preziosi, who is supposed to be heading for Tobruk, never arrived. “For us, he was MIA. And then, over a month later, he made it back to the base.” Surprise ! Shot down in mid-air, young Albert explains that he had been taken in by a Libyan family, who rescued him, tended his wounds, hiding him from the Germans all the while. “So he lived with them for at least three weeks.

That’s when a rumor started going around that he had had an affair with a Libyan woman while he was in the desert.”And what did the subject of the rumors have to say about them ? Discreet reply from Georges Masurel, “There was a war on, you know. We had other things to worry about. And Albert didn’t stay for long after he got back. I lost track of him for a while, because he was very sick and was sent to the hospital in Cairo. We didn’t hook up again until the Normandy-Niemen in late 1942.”

Calendar confusion

If you take Muammar Gaddafi’s official date of birth – 07 June 1942 –Albert Preziosi’s spell with a Libyan tribe would have allowed the proud father to attend the birth of his offspring. But not to have sired him. Unless the Guide’s official biographers mixed up the Georgian calendar and the Muslim one… And just to keep everyone on their toes, in November 1978, on the occasion of the Muslim New Year, Gaddafi led a calendar revolution.

He decreed that the Muslim calendar shouldn’t start in the year 622 B.C. (the date when the Prophet emigrated to Medina, a reference for calendars throughout the Muslim world), but in 632, when he died… Which, according to some complicated (and somewhat chancy) calculations, could mean that little Gaddafi might have been born later. In 1943 for instance, just nine months after Preziosi was taken in by the Libyans. But handsome Albert’s fellow squadron members don’t sweat the details. For good reason ! To hear them tell it, the whole squadron was in on the secret.

When Commander Pierre Lorillon was assigned to Normandy-Niemen, in late 1943, Albert Preziosi had already died a hero’s death five months earlier. He remembers the discussions he had with the squad’s other pilots back then very well. For him, the Preziosi/Gaddafi connection is gospel. “We all knew that Albert had had a “Big Tent” Libyan girlfriend… (i.e. a noble young woman from the bourgeoisie). But we didn’t know much about it. The only thing we knew for sure was that he’d had a kid with her, and that the young woman’s uncle took care of things. He sent the kid to school overseas to calm things down, and for the sake of the tribe’s reputation. It was all kind of hush-hush. A European man having a kid with a Libyan woman could stir up trouble, including for Albert. And the English didn’t really approve of that sort of thing.” A valid reason that is also a good excuse for the French military hierarchy to follow its inclination to keep its mouth shut.

The Libyan Father and mother (Gadhafi with the elder HAMEDI, co-leader of “The Revolution”)

For the sake of the Guide of the Great Revolution’s legend, Muammar Gaddafi (also) has a Libyan father. Officially,   Gadhafi’s father is Abou Meniar Al-Gaddafi, a Bedouin goat-herder from the Sirte region. Moammar Gaddafi always honored Abou Meniar as his father, and cared deeply about him until his death.Abu Meniar Gadhafi was married to Aisha,  believed to be Muammar’s mother. But Aischa could really be the sister of Moammar’s real mother who might have died in childbirth. Record-keeping in Libya during the Italian colonial period having been a somewhat haphazard business, the confusion surrounding Gaddafi’s origins is all the greater. Take, for instance, the number of Gaddafi’s siblings, which varies depending on the biographies. According to some, he was an only son. For others, he had as many as 12 brothers and sisters, he being the last. And according to the American journalist John Cooley, whose Libyan Sandstorm, a well-researched book about Gaddafi, was published in 1982, he has just one brother, Sayed Kaddam… Still, Moammar Gaddafi loved and recognised Abou Meniar as his only father, taking good care of him under the auspices of a Catholic doctor and nuns, up to his death.

Cautious descendants

We still needed to know what the Preziosi family thinks about their prodigal pilot’s comrades in arms’ beliefs. A touchy task, when you realize that most of the Preziosi men go into the service or are very close to the military. Sired by a policeman originally from Fontana, in Castagniccia, and married to a girl from Paoli, in Nocario, just a few sharp turns in the road away, Albert had a brother, four years older than he. Jean chose to follow in his father’s footsteps, and reached the rank of General of the Gendarmerie. On July 28, 1997, his widow stood in for him at the first ceremony commemorating Albert’s disappearance 54 years prior.

The commemoration took place in the village of Vezzani, thanks to the efforts of the Commander of Air Force Base 126, in Ventiseri-Solenzara, which, as it happens, bears the name of Captain Albert Preziosi. Members of the local chapter of the National Association of Air Force Reserve Officers (ANORAA) were particularly active in preparing the event. One of them in particular : a certain François… Preziosi.

As it turns out, François is the son of a cousin of Albert’s. A reserve officer, he helped collect elements from his great-uncle’s biography for the Association, which he is a member of, simply by methodically researching all the files available and open to the public. “I’ve been hearing about the Gaddafi connection for as long as I can remember, and I’ve tried to find out more,” he acknowledges. “I even asked an acquaintance to question some people he knew who had been working for the “Native Affairs” office in Fezzan 50 years ago.”

Even for him, the reply was curt and definitive : “professional secret”. As though a dark veil still shrouded the whole affair. But like his sister Laetitia, a Parisian lawyer, François Preziosi remembers the scene one evening in the 70s when Albert’s mother, seated right in front of the TV, suddenly shouted, “Look, it’s Albert !” It was a report showing images of the young Libyan leader.

An industrial baron and a high-ranking officer leap into the fray

“The whole idea is based on the physical resemblance between the two men,” according to Jacques-Antoine Preziosi, one of Albert’s nephews. A lawyer in Marseille, he tends to think the whole thing I much ado about nothing. “There is absolutely no physical evidence of any kind establishing family ties. We don’t have any documents mentioning it, and Albert didn’t leave any letters. So as far as we, the direct descendants, are concerned, there’s nothing to the story.” Fair enough, but did they ever try to get in touch with Gaddafi or his entourage ?

From Alsace to Russia

Created on March 15, 1941, in Ismailia (Egypt), the first air squadron (EFC1) was composed of airmen who had joined the Free French in June, 1940. In April, 1941, the squadron was engaged in defending Tobruk, which was under siege from the Afrikakorps (a German army corps sent to Libya to support the Italians against the British). After the allied withdrawal, the squadron became involved in ground attacks and protecting Navy convoys at sea.

In late 1941, it headed for Syria, where it was disbanded, in order to make way for the Alsace Squadron (GC1). Placed first under the orders of Commander Jean-Louis Tulasne, then underCommander Joseph Pouliquen, the new squad was originally responsible for convoying new planes. After having served in the defense of Bir Hakeim (June 1942), it participated in the defense of Alexandria. In September, 1942, Commander Pouliquen was put in charge of building a new airborne squadron to fight on the Eastern front in support of Soviet troops ; this was the group that would become the “Normandy” Squadron” (GC3). Composed, on a voluntary basis, of French pilots and mechanics, many of whom came from the Alsace squadron, it left the Rayak air force base in November, 1942, to head for Russia.

“We’ve never asked them anything whatsoever. It would be highly inappropriate. Totally out of line. Can you see yourself asking Gaddafi about it ? Casting aspersions on his mother ? If I were him, I would be very offended. It’s probably enough to get yourself locked up.” Yet Jacques-Antoine admits that over the years, several people have been in touch with him to ask if his uncle was Colonel Gaddafi’s father. A few years ago, their numbers included the representatives of an industrial baron whose name he won’t divulge. The whole thing made Jacques-Antoine see red. “What was that industrialist thinking ? That he was going to use our so-called connections to do business with Libya”

Clearly, the businessman wasn’t the only “influential person” to enquire about Muammar’s sire. In 1999, a high-ranking French officer wrote to the head of the Air Force historical service, General Silvestre de Sacy, to try to find out if the Corsican connection was legit. The service shelved the query (see box). Motif : during the Libyan campaign, French officers had no contact with the locals, and certainly not the local women. But surviving members of Normandy-Niemen stick to a different version of events. So the case for Gadhafi’s Corsican ancestry isn’t closed. Far from it. Even if the only irrefutable proof would be a DNA test. And as for asking the Colonel for a sample…

Translated from the French by : Regan Kramer

Times Online
Sunday, 17 February, 2008

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Is Colonel Gadhafi a Corsican? Times Online 17 February  2008 Is Colonel Gaddafi a Corsican? Charles Bremner Charles Bremner is Paris Correspondent for The Times and has previously reported from New York and Brussels. If Colonel Gaddafi was so eager to linger in Paris when he came last December, it was perhaps because the Libyan leader is half Corsican. His father was an air force pilot from Corsica. That’s him in the picture on the left. This extraordinary claim has surfaced over the past few days after a report by Bakchich, a French investigative news site. They looked into a legend which has long circulated in Vezzani, a village of 600 people in eastern Corsica. According to this, a Vezzani gendarme’s son called Albert Preziosi was stationed in the Libyan desert with the Free French air force in 1941-42. He is said to have had an affair with a local woman at about the time that young Muammar would have been conceived. Preziosi was killed when his aeroplane was shot down over Russia in 1943. As a member of the famous Normandy-Niemen squadron, he has been celebrated as a hero in his home village ever since. An air force base near the town of Solenzara, is named after him. Not a shred of evidence exists to stand up the Gaddafi legend but the physical resemblance is so strong that it has persisted. Officially, the father of the Supreme Guide of the Revolution was Abu Meniar Al Gaddafi, a Bedouin goat breeder in the region of Syrte. His mother, a local tribeswoman, was named Aisha. The Italian occupation and the war destroyed all records of the couple, according the French investigators. Still, Moammar Gadhafi recognised Abu Meniar as his only OFFICIAL father, and loved hime dearly (taking good care of him ’til his dying day). Preziosi is remembered by surviving comrades as a charmer. According to some, he talked about having a child in Libya. Pierre Lorillon, a Major who joined the squadron in Russia after Preziosi’s death told Bakchich that his wartime comrades had no doubt about Gaddafi’s paternity. “We all knew that Albert had had a girlfriend from the ‘big Libyan tent’, in other words a noble woman from the high bourgeoisie…We only knew that he had a child with this woman and that an uncle had taken care of her and sent her to study abroad”. Members of Preziosi’s family were reluctant to talk or said they knew nothing about a child, according to the site and French newspapers which picked up the story this weekend. Jacques-Antoine Preziosi, a nephew who is a Marseille lawyer, said that the family had nothing to confirm the legend and had never thought of investigating it. Jean-Pierre Pagni, the Mayor of Vezzani, told le Journal du Dimanche that Preziosi was the village hero. “We have no proof of this paternal link but nothing contradicts it either,” he said. Bakchich dug up an exchange of letters between senior officers which showed that the air force History Service tried to investigate the story in 1999. A general concluded that the paternity was not possible because the Preziosi was based 600 kilometres away from Gaddafi’s reported birth place. The news site quotes other squadron pilots who contradict this. Perhaps someone will end the mystery with a DNA check. In the meantime, some in Corsica are remembering that Gaddafi gave strong support to FNLC separatist guerrillas there in the 1970s. That is hardly evidence of filial attachment, since the colonel was handing out support and training to just about every freedom-liberationist outfit in those days.

TO SEE THE MAP OF GADDAFI’S PUTATIVE FATHER’S PATH, THAT’S HERE

TO READ THE FRENCH VERSION, THAT’S HERE

TO SEE THE VIDEO, THAT’S HERE

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The Leader’s Analysis of the current Crisis of Terrorism in the World
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The matter has two aspects:

1. The attack on the US. The political capital, Washington D.C. and the economic nerve center, New York were both attacked in a pre-meditated, deliberate and thoroughly-planned spectacle of frightful violence. This aspect falls within US jurisdiction. It was an act of aggression against it. The US, like all other countries, has the right to self defense under Article 51 of the currently paralyzed UN Charter. It also has the right under other instruments. Self-defense is a legitimate right. The US is strong enough to exercise that right. It needs no help from anybody to defend itself or to pursue its enemies. It is also perfectly capable of justifying its actions by itself. To offer to help the US, in a matter that it can handle by itself, is tantamount to hypocritical boot-licking.
2. The phenomenon of terrorism is not a matter of concern to the US alone. It is the concern of the whole world. The US cannot combat it alone. It is not logical, reasonable or productive to entrust this task to the US alone. It requires international cooperation and joint action on the world level.

Most regrettably, there has been wide-spread confusion and a profound misunderstanding of this matter. Cooperation to combat terrorism is not a service for the US. It is an act of self-defense for each and every one of us. It is a threat to us all whether or not the US was attacked on 9/11.

The US must not reward those who join the war on terrorism because fighting that evil is not a service for the US. It is an act that serves one’s own interests. Who of us likes terrorism? Who of us would wish to live, or see his children and his country live, in a world where terrorism has free reign? Terrorism is a horrendous scourge.

Regrettably again, there has been a great deal of duplicity, that has led to an equal measure of confusion on the world level. What is the purpose of our action? Is it aimed at helping the US defend itself, take revenge and punish those who attacked in on 9/11? Or is it aimed at the adoption of an international program to combat terrorism and, ultimately, eliminate it?

There is a clear difference between the two situations.

Hypocrisy, fear and greed are the causes of this confusion. Some have stubbornly refused to join the battle against terrorism because that battle was confused with defending the US or made synonymous to joining it in its war on Afghanistan. Some others have hastened to participate in the strike against Afghanistan. They did not do so because they are against terrorism. Rather, they are joining because they are against the Taliban for their own reasons. They might have joined for reasons of greed, fear or hypocrisy.

At this stage, we must be genuinely transparent. Those who wish to cooperate with, or ally themselves to the US in striking back at its enemies, must say it clearly.

This is not the first time, nor is going to be the last time when countries create an alliance to help each other. Every state has the right to make a sovereign decision to take the side of the US against Afghanistan or Bin-Laden despite the fact that the US does not need anybody’s help to defend, or to avenge itself as I said before. However, when it comes to terrorism, the matter is completely different.

To combat it, we need each other. To defeat it, we need international cooperation and a new, long-term international policy.

However, the question of terrorism is of such vastness and complexity that I think we would be deluding ourselves to think that we can come to terms with all its aspects.

Let us first take the question: what is terrorism? I am certain that we will disagree on its definition.

If it happens that we manage to reach freely a transparent definition of terrorism, we would thus lay the foundations of a new world free from it. That would be a veritable miracle!!

However, I am certain that we will not be able to agree on a definition of terrorism. The reason is clear.

What I might consider as an act of terrorism, could be viewed as a desirable on by my adversary. Proofs of this are plentiful. For instance; a young man was trained in Peshawar. Then, he became active in Afghanistan. Subsequently, the British Intelligence assigned him the task of assassinating Al-Gathafi in the belief that the liquidation of the Revolution would lead to Libya’s surrender.

It would then hand over the suspects in the Lockerbie case. He attempted to carry out his task, in full view of the whole world. However, the Almighty intervened and caused the bomb to freeze and fail to detonate. That was truly an act of God. Had the bomb detonated, a large group of people, including whole families, would have met their death on the reviewing stand.

The terrorist made a full confession of what I have just said. The British Intelligence officer also confessed to it. It was an act of terrorism planned against me by the British Intelligence, in cooperation with the returnees from Afghanistan.

Those who consider me their adversary would not consider it as a terrorist act. On the contrary, it is a desirable act that should be encouraged. I do not consider myself an adversary of Britain’s or that Afghani-Libyan young man. I see myself as a wronged victim of terrorism. The other party has its own justifications. So, we are in complete disagreement on the definition of terrorism.

I speak in all transparency because I have nothing to fear. I covet nothing and I am not a hypocrite. I am the voice of a genuine, internationalist conscience. I know that the world situation may shift but the world has not changed. It is our duty to change it into a good world.

Therefore, we must distinguish clearly between the preparations being made against Afghanistan, seemingly as a direct result of the horrendous act of 9/11 on the one hand, and combating terrorism on the global level, on the other.

The first question is the responsibility of the US. The second is the responsibility of the whole world. There is no excuse for any lack of cooperation, or even alliance, to combat terrorism once we agree on its definition and root causes. Failure, or even delay, to do so means putting the future of humanity at stake.

It also means a letdown of succeeding generations.

Terrorism is a fact. It is a justifiable act for those who commit it. This is the source of danger. If a satisfactory solution is found to the question of Northern Ireland, that will be the end of what Britain calls Irish violence and terrorism, and what the IRA calls legitimate struggle.

If a similar solution is found for the Question of Palestine, there will be an end of what the Israelis call Palestinian terrorism and what the Palestinians see as legitimate armed struggle. The enmity between the US and the Arabs will also disappear. But are these all the causes of terrorism? The answer is: “far from it”. There are many other causes. There are many other groups that resort to terrorism, not just in Palestine and Northern Ireland.

For example, there are groups with grievances in the Philippines, Chechnya, Kashmir, Tibet, the Basque Country, Corsica and the Tamils. This is not an exhaustive list.

How could Russia, America and Saudi Arabia agree on a definition of the situation in Chechnya?

Russia considers it terrorism and a plot against its unity. America sees it as a suppression of the right to self-determination and human rights. Mosques in Saudi Arabia describe it as holy Jihad and pray for its victory. I consider it a conspiracy against Muslims in Russia to isolate them, diminish their status and deprive them of the right to be citizens of a nuclear power. As Russian citizens who are entitled to occupying the highest posts in their country, Russian Muslims could one day rule that nuclear power. Separating them from Russia would mean depriving them of that possibility. The same happened to the Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina. They became a minority in their republic.

They used to be Yugoslav citizens. One of them, Jamal El-Din Padic, was the prime minister of Yugoslavia; the second man after Tito, by virtue of simply being a Yugoslav citizen. Now, Muslims cannot reach this high post, not even in Bosnia itself. Therefore, the separation of Bosnia was a conspiracy and a catastrophe for its Muslims. The same applies to Chechnya.

Let us assume, for the sake of argument, that those problems were solved. There would still be the groups that resort to violence and terrorism in North America, South America, Europe and Japan. Suppose we manage to eliminate those groups as well, the Mafia and drug gangs will still exist.

If somehow we succeed in overcoming them, there will be other evil groups. There are those to counterfeit money (more than $500 billion counterfeit are in circulation), those who do money laundering, and those that traffic in women and children. Then, how about the disgruntled ones like the Seattle protesters, the unemployed, those who were laid-off their work, and the poor?

There are also other causes such as the mushrooming populations, migration, minorities, the clash of religions and cultures, the rebellious scientists, the hackers and the electronic and biological virus warfare. The list is long.

Let us deal with Britain first. Some believe that the youth who were trained in Peshawar, went to Afghanistan, joined Bin-Laden then went to all corners of the Earth are the members of the so-called Al-Qaeda organization.

If that is true, we must state that Britain shelters the largest number of them. We have proof of that if the world wishes to cooperate. Are we really going to attack the bases of terrorism and the countries that harbor terrorists? I do not think so, unless we are going to say that we will attack all the countries that shelter terrorists with the exception of Britain.

Thus, we go back to double standards and disrupt the international consensus against terrorism. This is a sure way to lose the war on terrorism. Tony Ben, the elder statesman of the British Labor Party and its chairman, has said: “If the US supports Israel out of fear of the American Jews, we in Britain might take the side of the terrorists. Because we fear the more than seven million British Muslims”.

The Chief of British Intelligence said more than what Tony Ben said. This is what made Arab countries wonder if they could be closer allies of the US than Britain is. What is the difference between Britain and Afghanistan? Let us see what the US would do with Britain first.

The confusion of the right of the US to retaliate against a terrorist attack on it, and our collective right to combat terrorism will abort international action. So will the confusion of Bin-Laden, the Taliban, terrorism and Islam.

The haste to take steps against terrorism in an atmosphere overshadowed by the US’s right to defend itself, will render the international action meaningless and will abort the chance to adopt a global program to deal with the causes of terrorism and the way to combat it internationally. Terrorism is our common enemy. It is not the enemy of the US alone.

It is not in the interest of the US to confuse an international task and responsibility with its own national responsibility to its people. I believe the error lies in the attempt to clone the Second Gulf War. It cannot be cloned. What happened then is not applicable to the current situation. It is the result of the instigation of the long line of hypocrites who have encouraged the US government to confuse things. They have also encouraged it to be hasty in matters that should be postponed, and to postpone what should be dealt with promptly.

Any attempt to replicate what happened in the so-called Second Gulf War would be a mistake. What happened then was the occupation of one state by another. That action was not directed against the US. The US was not the occupied country. However, Kuwait beseeched the US and the world for help. Therefore, there was a need to involve the whole world morally and politically. There was also a need to involve the UN for reasons of the international law.

The premise was that the matter was of concern to the whole world. It was not the responsibility of the US alone. Now, the situation is different. The 9/11 attack was directed against the US alone. It has a right to retaliate and it is capable of retaliation. It is inconceivable for the US to beseech the world for help against Afghanistan or Bin-Laden. The war against terrorism is a global responsibility.

I cannot imagine a responsible state failing to join the war on terrorism. But today we hear about states that agree to join, and others that have declined. The reason is the confusion of supporting a single country against its enemies with the global fight against terrorism; our common enemy.

Are we against Islam? Are we, Arabs and Muslims, anti-Islam? Are all those who oppose Bin-Laden against Islam? Are all those who oppose Taliban against Islam? This erroneous view is the result of the confusion of the US’s right to self-defense, and the world’s duty to combat terrorism.

Not all those who oppose Bin-Laden or the so-called Al-Qaeda are against Islam. Not all those who oppose Taliban are against Islam. I do not even think that we are against Bin-Laden personally. Nor are we against his men who were trained by the foes of the former Soviet Union. Nor are we against Taliban as one of the Afghan factions. What we oppose is the heresy that was born in that region.

A heresy that is similar to the one that emerged in the time of the Guided Caliphs and caused three of them to be murdered; Omar, Othman and Ali.

We are the victims of the attacks, assassinations and terror perpetrated by those groups that sneaked out of our countries to go to Afghanistan as mercenaries. They went there to fight the Soviet Army on behalf of others. They did so, despite the fact that the Soviet Army went into Afghanistan upon the request of its pro-Moscow government. This is exactly what is happening now. Foreign armies are going into the region upon the request of its governments. That was the excuse invoked by Bin-Laden in his television interview.

Those groups came back to wreak havoc in our countries. They went on a rampage of killing all those who crossed their path. Even women and children were not spared. They wanted to advocate a call that subverts the Muslim faith, and spreads a wave of destructive behavior.

They brand all who do not share their beliefs as apostate. This, despite their indulgence in all manner of cardinal sins. All they want is to go inexorably towards the unknown. They have no doctrine and no well-defined objective. All they know is the insane torture and murder. All they can do is to parrot meaningless words that they do not understand such as the word “Taghoot”.

It is a vague word that means worshipping an entity other than God. They use it to describe persons while it cannot be used in this way in Arabic. They also use the words “Islamic Sharia”. It is yet another vague word. It is a signifier without a signified.

We are against those groups. We will fight them like they fight us.

We are stronger than them, because we are defending the civilized society and because we are defending the religion against the wave heresy and destruction they have unleashed. This is a necessary and legitimate act of self-defense.

We fight them also because we will not accept a new Caliphate.

We will not submit to the will of a caliph who will rule us by divine command. God has not ordered him to do that. He has no contact with God. We are no longer so naïve as to believe that the Caliphate is ordained by God.

The Caliphate is a deviation from the Faith. Every deviation is an aberration. Aberrations, and those who advocate them, are doomed to Hell. The Caliphate is an aberration, and so is heresy. The Prophet never designated a deputy or a successor. We never heard of a “deputy prophet”, Except for Aaron who was designated by God to help Moses. We oppose heresy and the aberrations of the Caliphate and terrorism. Where do Bin Laden and the Taliban stand on that?

God only knows. But that was a door that opened before the naïve, the ignorant and even the well-intentioned. Through it, they went to fight as mercenaries, believing they were Mujahideen. Now, the chickens have come home to roost. Now, a similar door may open before the same lost and easily-exploited groups. They may become disillusioned with it.

Then, they will return to their countries, and go to the US itself to perpetrate acts of terrorism and insanity, just like their predecessors. At that time, we will reap what we have sown, exactly like the previous time. I have done my duty and sounded the alarm.

We are faced with new, complex and all-encompassing challenges. Wisdom dictates that we view them from a civilized, human and objective perspective, free from religious, ethnic, linguistic and geographical bias. Chauvinist tendencies, outdated patterns, missiles and bombs are useless in combating those challenges.

We must review everything. We must not bet on anything. Because all we have at our disposal is nothing.

31 OCTOBER 2004

Speech Against Capital Punishment

The Brother the Leader of the Revolution addresses the heads and members of judiciary organs in the People’s General Committee of Justice, academicians, graduate and advanced degree students in the School of Law of al-Fateh University, The Seventh of April University, Al-Marqab, Academy for Graduate Studies, and the Green Auditorium
31.10.2004	Print Download
I wish you well in Ramadan. How are you? I greet you in this Holy Month, and thank you for being here. I know you are fasting. Forgive me for the inconvenience. I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to share with you my thoughts on some legal questions. You are Professors and students of law. I believe we are about to submit a draft penal code to the People’s Conferences. This new draft contains new amendments. We only make suggestions because the final decision has to be taken by the People’s Conferences. The People are above the principles and above the law, because they lay down principles and make the law. One may say principles take precedence; another says no, the law rules. We say the people rule. The people are above principles, and above the law. They make the laws; they lay down the principles of their choice that suit their circumstances and their lives. The conferences of the people adopt the laws, and authority is the prerogative of the people’s conferences, which adopt the laws; the laws could be amended and rescinded. The People rescind and amend the law. Nothing that we say here is final because the People’s Conferences have the final word. However, as long as we have an opportunity to make our contributions to clarify these issues, we must do what we can. The world calls for an abolition of capital punishment, but practically goes in the opposite direction. The world, as you may be aware, declares that it will abolish capital punishment. This is only a lip service. In reality, the world takes the opposite direction. It expands capital punishment but declares that it is moving in the direction of the abolition of capital punishment. We must prove this to the world. We must not let any governmental or non-governmental organization insult our intelligence. If they fooled other people, they cannot fool us. We know that the world declares that it will abolish capital punishment or wishes to abolish capital punishment, but in practice it is expanding capital punishment. What is more dangerous is that the death sentence is carried out extra-judicially and collectively. This is dangerous. The death sentence is carried out collectively and extra-judicially!! Therefore, the call to abolish capital punishment in courts is naïve, and has no moral force particularly when it is seen in the context of cases of capital punishment carried out collectively and extra-judicially. Furthermore, the countries that abolished capital punishment or that call for its abolition are the same countries that enforce the death sentence on a wide scale. The states that are calling for the abolition of a death sentence handed down by courts are the same states that resort to collective wide scale extra-judicial capital punishment. Therefore, arguments by international organizations or states against another state that did not abolish capital punishment in courts hold no ground. Those who declared that they abolished capital punishment and other major powers are still enforcing capital punishment collectively and extra-judicially. They call upon states that have not yet abolished capital punishment to do so; in return, those same states call upon them to stop imposing the death sentence extra-judicially. Under these circumstances, a death sentence handed down by courts is more legal, legitimate and humane than a summary execution that lacks due process and legal guarantees. The Israelis have abolished capital punishment. Who believes them? If they themselves say that capital punishment is abolished, how then do they commit mass killings? It is easier if the Palestinians were to be apprehended and tried in Israeli courts and if they had access to counsel. America sentenced me to death. It carried out the sentence, execution by bombs style, but my life was spared for reasons beyond America’s control. America opposes the death sentence. It may have abolished capital punishment in some but not all states. Nevertheless, it still carries out a collective form of death sentencing. America handed down a death sentence against me; I was condemned to execution by bombs, but for reasons beyond its control, my life was spared. Which is better? Is it better to be tried, have access to council, and the right to appeal, or to face a death sentence without guarantees? We need to make our position clear and reflect that position in our school curricula, and in the arguments we advance in international fora. Libya is in the lime light. There are those who fear Libya, who want to establish a relationship with Libya, who will invest in Libya, who come as tourists to Libya , who will work in the oil or gas field, or who will have something to do with Libya. There is Barcelona, the European Mediterranean [partnership]; Libya is in the spotlight, and Libya must therefore publicize its opinions, and chart the course it intends to follow in international fora. We do not want to become another Turkey, a county that has ambitions for admission to the European Union. The political, legislative and social particularities in Turkey would not qualify Turkey for membership in the European Union according to European standards. Therefore, Turkey’s behavior is random and is not compatible with its reality. The result is ludicrous, even humiliating. In the Turkish context, there are crimes that are serious, and unacceptable. Impunity is not an option. They Europeans do not give weight to these considerations. They say, “The penalty for these acts must be abolished”. This approach however is untenable because if pursued, it will destroy the Turkish society. That society is organized around a given set of values. When those social, political and legislative values are eroded, the society will collapse. We must not be another Turkey. As we take center stage in this era, we cannot afford to be like Turkey. We must be backed by solid arguments to silence our detractors. For this reason, I requested to meet with law professors, students, and judges. It is important that we shed light on the issue. The world today is divided into two camps: formal and informal. We fear the aggression of the mighty. The world today is divided into two camps: formal and informal. The formal camp is comprised of governments and major powers. International organizations are part of the formal camp. The formal stakeholders could manipulate these organizations, so could the major powers that have veto rights and permanent seats in the Security Council as well as military and economic prowess. The other camp is called the “informal” camp, which is made of non-governmental organizations established by groups and individuals. They are unrelated to states. On the world map today, there are two camps: one formal the other informal. Both camps could call for an abolition of capital punishment. Nevertheless, their purposes are different. The formal camp has an agenda. The informal camp is the humanitarian establishment that may call for the abolition of this form of punishment for purely humanitarian reasons, unless they themselves fall victim to manipulation, or are controlled or exploited. Major Powers like the United States, Britain or the Israelis may infiltrate one of the institutions of civil society and manipulate it. We correctly assume that these groups, the civil non-governmental organizations are informal organizations. When they appeal for the abolition of capital punishment in the world, we assume that their appeal is launched for purely humanitarian considerations. They do not have an agenda. They do not have political or economic interests that they want to advance; they are good Samaritans, decent and kind ordinary people who want to save themselves, their offspring, and humanity at large from capital punishment. For that reason, they established organizations that call for the abolition of this penalty and tried to pressure some states to abolish it too. World intelligence services are pushing for an end to capital punishment to protect their agents. The formal camp is advocating the same. It calls for an abolition of capital punishment and exploits the non-governmental organizations to divert the attention that could otherwise be focused on them. Their objective is different. The formal world headed by Major Powers wants to abolish capital punishment, but it has an agenda. Unlike humanitarian organizations, it is not seeking the abolition of capital punishment because it is a good deed, and as such, is its own reward. They are serving their own interests. Some states have agents in Libya, Egypt, Iran or India, who could be Libyan, Egyptian, Iranian or Indian nationals or could be nationals of other countries. Those states want to protect their agents from execution. They want to station their agents in countries where the death penalty has been abolished. This may encourage agents to work for intelligence circles. All those intelligence services have a stake in abolishing the death penalty in countries in which their agents are stationed because they fear for their safety. The agents themselves will be afraid to work in a country that still enforces the death penalty. The situation of the agent in that country will be different from his situation in a country that does not enforce capital punishment. The spy and the traitor will know that they will face death if their cover is blown. Therefore, the countries that seek the abolition of capital punishment are not concerned about the welfare of the people of this state, or the nation. They are doing this for the sake of their agents. The abolition of capital punishment may be pursued to protect foreign agents. This was the scenario at the security and intelligence level. Then we have smaller scale levels. Some states install puppets in other countries to govern on their behalf. Therefore, they want to abolish the death penalty that may be enforced against puppets and traitors. They want to keep them out of harm’s way, so that they continue working for them. How could the call for the abolition of the death penalty through legal avenues be deceptive? Governments, official circles, intelligence services, and foreign services are calling for the abolition of capital punishment that is still in force in Third World countries in defense of their agents. They want to guarantee that these agents would continue to work in these countries but not face the death sentence. The abolition of the death sentence encourages them. They will work knowing that beheading is not permissible; any other sentence, like a jail sentence, is fine. Therefore, the call for the abolition of capital punishment will not fool us. We are not naïve and we are not children. They cannot make a mockery of us. What is the difference between handing down a death sentence through a legal system, or handing down a collective death sentence by firing rockets, bombing, starving or terrorizing people? We call for the abolition of the death sentence that is carried out extra-judicially. We wish to abolish capital punishment, but want to define what capital punishment we are referring to. First, we want the indiscriminate death sentences handed down to people extra-judicially by bombs, rockets and starvation abolished. We have ten numbers, from one to ten, we cannot chose one only and say number seven or number eight or three for that matter. The ten counts are all death sentences, so why chose only number seven and abolish the rest. All the sentences are death sentences, and they must be all abolished. They are death sentences executed by bombing, firing rockets, by planes even by starvation, terror, or disease. In the final analysis, a sentence handed down by courts is better. It is not a surprise attack like an air raid carried out while we are fast asleep, or like an inter-continental missile. A death sentence handed down by courts is ultimately better. States, which indiscriminately carry out death-sentences extra-judicially, will be found guilty, while those, which enforce capital punishment in courts, will be acquitted. This is what we have to say at the United Nations and the United Nations system, at human rights organizations or at Amnesty International. We can advance this logic. We are against executions and against the death sentence. A death sentence is a death sentence whether carried out by a laser bomb, a cruise missile, a firing squad, a rope, an electric chair, poison gas, or by lethal injection. These are all executions. Is it not better to bring the accused to court, guarded from any possible harm, with a defense lawyer, an opportunity to hear charges against him, to defend himself, appeal the sentence or have the sentence commuted even after it is handed down? A governor, when this post exists, usually hands down the sentence or signs of the death sentence. This is the case in the Supreme Judicial Council in Libya. The Council can commute the death sentence into a jail sentence. It is possible to file new evidence and the convicted could be found innocent. Given these circumstances, which do you think is better: this scenario or that in which you could be suddenly executed by an air raid, by tank fire, a cross continental missile or by other means that deprive you from your right to a defense lawyer? Who could be your defense lawyer against a Cruise Missile? Against a Cruise Missile, you may have a Patriot. However, you may not have a Patriot. It is impossible for every state, household, street and family to have a Patriot or an anti-missile defense device. As long as you do not have that, you do not have the means to defend yourself. As long as you do not have an anti missile defense device, you do not have a defense lawyer. You are in a big court that hands down indiscriminate death sentences. The victim does not have a lawyer and cannot defend himself against a nuclear bomb, an intercontinental missile, cluster bombs, or incendiary devices (Napalm). Neither does the victim have anti chemical and bacteriological devices, no masks or protective gear, no shelters. They went high-tech in executing the death sentence. They developed bombs and missiles that can penetrate protective barriers and hunt down the target. Therefore, someone can come to an ordinary court accompanied by a lawyer, a competent famous lawyer while another is unable to get this lawyer. You enter the shelter but they develop an anti-shelter bomb. They deprive you from the means for self-defense. These are the worst courts, courts where people get the death sentence but lack the means to defend themselves, protection, the opportunity to appeal the sentence, or the hope to be exonerated. They will be executed, extra-judicially. The shrill voices of the mighty began to resonate around the world about the death penalty, which continues to be carried out by courts around the world. Half of the countries of the world enforce the death penalty; the other half or even less abolished it. The campaign against capital punishment suffered a setback after the attacks against New York. It suffered a major setback. Torture, violence and brutality are tolerated. America declared that it will hand down death sentences against its adversaries and will, for that purpose, use all available means, including covert ones. These means could remain secret until kingdom come. The American President himself said that. What is a death sentence? What is the purpose of the death sentence? Society hands down a death sentence against a criminal because it wants to get rid of this criminal. The criminal is the enemy of society. A criminal disrupts and threatens society. Therefore, society hands down a death sentence against this individual in a court. Let us take the example of Bin Laden. He is the enemy of America. The U.S. states that if it finds Bin Laden it will kill him. It will also kill Al-Zarqawi if it finds him. Is this not what they say? Why does America say that? It does because America considers him an enemy. You kill your enemy. Why do they say society should not kill its enemy if the enemy endangers the welfare of society? What shall we do? We should agree at the United Nations or at other international fora that killing a human being is inadmissible, that we cannot spill blood neither in courts nor by jets, ships, cruise missiles, starvation, covert assassination or any other means. The Israelis abolished the death penalty in courts. They, however, continue to execute Palestinians extra-judicially, on a daily basis and on a massive scale. What then is the value of the abolition of the death penalty in Israeli courts? This is a charade, but no one seems to notice. Are the Palestinians not killed on a daily, deliberate and premeditated basis? They track a Palestinian, plant a homing device in his car or house that emits signals to the Apache helicopter which hunts him down. Is that not a deliberate death sentence by a firing squad executed extra-judicially outside the courts? The world watches the execution of the Iraqi and Palestinian peoples carried out outside the courts and without due process. Human beings must be respected wherever they are. We will not give in to this travesty. Human beings must be respected wherever they are; human life is precious and must not be wasted. They must put an end to wars, invasions, and colonialism. We, on our part, must do likewise. This does not only apply to the abolition of the death penalty in courts but to executions in general, executing individuals and peoples. In a court of law one person in executed. Outside the courts, an entire people are executed. A death sentence has been issued against the Iraqi people and against the Palestinian people in an extra-judicial context, without trial or due process. Being serious about abolishing the death penalty means putting an end to blood letting anywhere, by ending invasions, aggression and wars. I think that the abolition of the death penalty that is collectively enforced is more significant that the abolition of the death penalty handed down against individuals. The abolition of the death penalty outside the courts is more important than the abolition of the death penalty inside the courts. It does not mean that we support the death penalty. On the contrary, we insist on the abolition of the death penalty on a wide and not limited scale only. Opting for the latter will render the purpose meaningless. They abolished the death penalty in courts, but continued to strike at us outside the courts, killing us indiscriminately. You should stop executing us in public squares and streets. We are sincere in our desire to abolish the death penalty in the true sense of the word, in the judicial and extra-judicial contexts. Let us, however, begin with what is more significant. Let us put an end to executions outside the courts, indiscriminate massive scale executions, and death squads, otherwise called armies, which must stop executing people. Seriously, the abolition of the death penalty is civilized act. It should not be the result of pressure. Turkey is a case in point. Pressures are mounting on Turkey prior to its admission to the European Union; they can mount pressures against us in the process leading to the Mediterranean Partnership. The Third World could be pressured to enter into partnerships with Western societies. The call to abolish the death penalty has become a bargaining chip in international relations. Being civilized and enlightened does not necessarily entail abolishing the death penalty. A backward country decides to abolish the death penalty to satisfy some, or reap certain benefits. Shockingly though, it continues to exact this punishment and liquidate its opponents through unconventional means – outside the courts and without legal counsel. The result is worse. This country did not abolish the death penalty due to enlightenment, sophistication, or culture. It did not do it because its society is so civilized it cannot fathom killing human beings. Not at all. They did not get there yet. They are extremely backward. People kill each other, and that is quiet normal! To enter the European Common Market, the European Union, the Mediterranean Partnership, Barcelona, the United Nations, this or that organization, to get assistance, to prevent them from staging a coup against you, out of courtesy you for example say, “I abolished the death penalty”. This act is not a proof of sophistication. The country that abolishes the death penalty is a country where no man stabs or shoots another man to death. How do you abolish the death penalty in courts then allow people to shoot, stab or club each other to death or run each other over by cars? When you speed in a car, you may be about to kill some one. If you are civilized, you will not speed because speeding up may be a prelude to killing passengers in another vehicle or pedestrians strolling down the street. You could be one of them. If you die, you would have committed suicide. How could you abolish execution in courts but allow it to remain in force outside the courts? When man is sophisticated and careful enough he controls the speed of his car because he knows the consequences of speeding. He knows better than to own a knife that he would use to kill a fellow man, or a shotgun that he may even use in self-defense. Why? Because the other party is sophisticated and civilized, and would not use a knife or a shotgun. Only then will the abolition of the death penalty be the result of a higher calling, a quid-pro-quo and not an act of intimidation, greed, fraud and hypocrisy. I have always called for the abolition of the death penalty. Bahrain has abolished the death penalty. It was the only Arab country to abolish the death penalty. Are we to believe that Bahrain has already attained this high degree of sophistication and progress that it no longer needs the death penalty? This is not possible. Bahrain is like Libya and Morocco. We have the same mentality. When did they get there? Libya may be abolishing the death penalty tomorrow. More than once, I personally called on the People’s Conferences to abolish the death penalty. The Conferences did not endorse this proposal. The reason is that they are still not convinced. How could they be convinced if one may end up being stabbed on the street? If someone knows that stabbing me to death means the death penalty for him then he may not do it. This will deter others. In a way, my position and that of the People’s Conferences are the same. The Libyan people were prudent, and refused to abolish the death penalty. Moammar says the death penalty should be abolished. May be he wants to believe that we are a civilized nation. He wants to brag about us in Europe, the United States, the United Nations, Asia and Africa among others. Libya is a civilized nation. It abolished the death penalty. Moammar thinks this way; we on the other hand think in a practical way, we will not abolish the death penalty. I heard them say that in the People’s Conferences. They debated the issue in seminars. I was satisfied that the people said no. They said, do you think the death penalty was easily instated? Our society did not yet reach the stage at which it can abolish the death penalty. Other parties should abolish the death penalty that they enforce extra-judicially and indiscriminately. The call to abolish the death sentence means ceasing manufacturing and exporting weapons. This is what the Libyan people said. We frequently called for the abolition of the death penalty but the Libyan people refused. They believed that we did not reach the stage that would justify this step. The world is largely barbaric; it continues to manufacture atomic bombs, aircraft carriers, chemical agents, artillery, tanks, anthrax and other germs in addition to other instruments of death. It manufactures all of the above then calls on you to abolish the death penalty. Everyday you sharpen a knife and everyday you manufacture a knife you do so to slaughter people. How could you ask them to abolish the death penalty? You must abolish knives, stop manufacturing knives, and destroy all weapon stocks. We will have a measure of confidence that Libya would not attack America, and America would not attack Libya. Iraq would not attack Kuwait and Kuwait would not attack Iraq. Pakistan would not attack India and India would not attack Pakistan, India would not attack China and so on and so forth. When we get to this stage, and when there is confidence, the world and we would have reached an advanced level of progress then we will be fully convinced. Human life must be spared, and must be equally precious. When we say we should have one African army in Africa, which is a proposal we submitted to the African Union, and we should disband individual African armies some may come and say, “how could you disband my army? Is it not possible that my African neighbor will mount an attack against me?” In response we say, “Your neighbor does not have an army. We simultaneously requested that it too disband its army. Be assured, so long as your neighbors do not have armies to commit an act of aggression against you there is no army that could attack you. Your situations are identical. Moreover, should you be victim of an external attack, an African army will defend you.” The day you decide not to execute me, to abolish the death penalty that could be imposed on me and I do likewise, when we have faith in each other, things will fall into place. This will be the end, and capital punishment could then be abolished. In other words, we should include in the curricula of the schools of law in the Jamahiriya, and we must say in our statements that we cannot be selective in exacting the death penalty. Wasting human life and bloodshed is the same everywhere. Life is equally precious, and must therefore be equally spared. A Libyan is not different from an American or an Iranian, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese, British or German. A human being is to be respected, and his life must be spared. He must not be executed by bombs or missiles, by hanging or bullets, by electric shock or poison gas. These are different methods of execution. We must agree on abolishing the death penalty and the means of carrying it out. This approach pursues a secular, civic and social approach that has no theological or religious dimension. If we were to introduce theology into this equation, we will end up in another controversy. How was the issue of capital punishment, or the law of retaliation in killing addressed in religion, jurisprudence, and philosophy? A Muslim would respond, religion ordered me to kill the killer. God mandated retaliation, ordered me to cut off the hand of the thief, and ordered me to flog. How can I disobey? Who is going to defend me to god on the Day of Judgment? Who would say, “God do not judge him for failing to apply your law [Sharia], it was me who ordered him to do so”. If they guarantee us that God will not find us at fault on the Day of Judgment because they were the ones who told to follow this or that path, and we carried out the orders and obstructed God’s laws, that is another thing. However, it is impossible. They cannot do that, nor are they sure it can happen this way. What would you say when you see manifest signs as God addresses you as “O ye who believe?” We should be attentive. It means that God addresses us, saying, “You, people” or “You, Citizens”, then we are the addressees “O you who have attained to faith, Just retribution is ordained from you in cases of killing” we listen to God. What do you want from us? “O you who have attained to faith”, he said. We are listening, Lord. We shall obey. He says, “Just retribution is ordained from you”, “the free for the free, and the slave for the slave and the woman for the woman”. What do we say then? This is ordained. There is nothing more to say. This is our fate. It is sealed. “Fasting is prescribed to you”. That is it. We therefore fast “as it was prescribed to those before you”. So we still fast, fasting is prescribed to us. Do we interpret that? Do we say, “No, we will not fast”? “Prayers are enjoined on believers at stated times”. This is it. Prayers have to be performed at stated times. So we turned our backs to the United Nations, Amnesty International, Human Rights Organizations, the thoughts of philosophers and intellectuals, then we came to turn a new page. Why did we turn to religion? We sought God’s advice and found that God expects us to submit to other demands. In retribution, it is “the free for the free”, for, “in [the law of] just retribution, O you who are endowed with insight, there is life for you”. “And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have empowered his heir with authority (to demand retribution or to forgive): but let him not exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is helped (by the Law). Therefore, man may demand retribution in killing, but must not exceed bounds in taking life. Therefore, if someone is wrongfully slain, those who are authorized to defend him can demand death for his slayer. His counsel cannot exceed bounds, so his maternal and paternal cousins may not be killed in retribution. “Nor take life – which Allah has made sacred – except for just cause.” This means that god proscribed taking life, which He has made sacred. We then go back to our earlier proposal. We said life is precious and sacred. God made it sacred, and it must not be wasted. No one says the God you worship sanctions killing. We are involved in bloodshed. “Wilt Thou place therein one who will make mischief therein and shed blood? The angels said, Lord, you create Adam, a human being to make mischief. “[God] answered: “Verily, I know that which you do not know.”” God knows better. He had a reason for creating us although we are involved in bloodshed. God proscribed taking life. They may answer, “The God you worship likes bloodshed in addition to the death penalty.” Absolutely not. Do not “take life – which Allah has made sacred, except for a just cause”. Therefore, the only exception to the prohibition of taking life is when life is taken for a just cause. When there is a just cause, one can take life. There are other verses in the Quran, stressing the sanctity of human life, followed by the word “except”. He sets the conditions for taking life, not through injustice, aggression, colonization, dictatorships, oppression and mutilation. This is dictatorship. You are about to present a draft penal code to the People’s Conferences. In my opinion, you must take your time to study it carefully. Then you can submit it to the People’s Conferences. You should not hasten to adopt it; it must be thoroughly and extensively debated. In this law, there is the crime against society, otherwise called haraba. Under this crime, the death penalty is permitted. Haraba is identical to terrorism. It applies to terrorism. The word Haraba is not God’s word. Jurists coined this word. They may have coined it from the verse: “The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is: execution, or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite sides, or exile from the land”. This is what you can use as a basis for the Terrorism Act. The counter-terrorism act is what you call haraba. It should not be called Haraba, because haraba is not a word used by God. God said, “The punishment of those who wage war against Allah”. They coined the word from the Arabic “yuhariboun”, i.e., wage war, against god and his prophet. What are the acts punishable under this concept? The include banditry, terrorizing people by threatening their security on the roads, at home, or just anywhere among other things. This is terrorism. They annihilate people under the pretext of combating terrorism. The result is that when we counter terrorism inside the courts and hand down death sentences some say, “Do not sentence a terrorist to death”. The moment we discuss things from a theological point of view of, someone like Dr. Rajab Aboudabous may present a very different perspective. We do not know where it could take us, it may be right, and it could be wrong. I am confident that like Dr. Aboudabous, you may respond that the verse “The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land” was revealed on a specific occasion. Therefore, he will refer us to the historical context of revelation of the surahs. “DOOMED are the hands of the Father of Flame! And doomed is he. What will his wealth avail him, and all that he has gained?” They are verses we recite with owe and respect. They however concern Abou Lahab, the father of the flame and his spouse. They burnt firewood on a road that Mohammad used to travel. God told them that they would both be burnt in a fire of blazing flame on the Day of Judgment. The story ends there with Abou Lahab and his spouse. God responded to an incident. “Allah has indeed heard the story of the woman who pleads with thee concerning her husband and carries her complaint to Allah”. This is the story of a woman who had a problem with her husband, and God revealed the solution in this Quranic verse. Aisha was accused. God exonerated her. God revealed this verse, said that she is innocent, and her accusers in Medina were liars. So one person was wrongfully charged, and god exonerated her. This applies to the spouse of the Prophet. Some went to the prophet and complained because they were poor. The Prophet gave them some camels and a shepherd and directed them to where they should go. This is one version of the story. The other version is that they went to the prophet, converted to Islam and fell sick in Medina, because there were many swamps in Medina. They complained to the prophet .The prophet told them “we have camels in the desert, stay in the desert, use the urine and milk of camels as treatment and you will get better.” Apparently, they did, but ended up killing the shepherd, stealing the camels and turning back from Islam. According to the narrative, the prophet asked that they be apprehended and brought back, which they were. Their hands and feet were cut off from opposite sides, they were crucified, and their bodies were mutilated. There were other stories. Some said their eyes were gorged out and were never given a second chance, God forgive us. The punishment was exacted. The question is did the prophet issue his orders after the revelation? Did he wonder what punishment he could inflict on people he treated well but who betrayed him in return? They were sick. They converted to Islam. He sent them to the camel shepherd. They slaughtered the shepherd and took the camels. Either God instructed the prophet to exact this punishment, or the prophet improvised and God seconded. When Dr. Abou Dabbous argues the case, he will tell you this is an incident that happened to a group of people in the past, and it has no relevance today. Dr. Abou Dabbous will refer you to the context of its revelation. Dr. Abou Dabbous who teaches philosophy will look at this story from that perspective. He will say, this verse was revealed because of a group of people who committed a heinous act, and were punished. This does not mean that every time a heinous act is committed peoples’ hands and feet should be chopped of. This argument applies across the board. A thief stole something. At that time, the punishment was that the thief, Male or female, should have their hands cut off. The question is shall we continue to cut off the hands of thieves? Should this punishment rather apply only to those people, at the time the crime was committed, and under the specific circumstances that prevailed? People steal all the time. Shall they remain without arms? Jesus said he who has not sinned should cast the stone. Is it possible that no one stole anything ever in his life? It is possible that everybody stole something one way or another. Does this mean we cut off the hands of everybody? God says we cut off the hands of thieves, males or females. If we start arguing about this, and we arrive at solutions, it will no longer be a religion but will become positive law. This is the case with Islamic Sharia (jurisprudence). Islamic jurisprudence is a positive set of laws with the seal of Islam. Islamic Sharia is a positive law, not different from Roman law, Napoleon’s Law and all other laws. They call these laws “Islamic Sharia” to give force to these laws so that the Caliphs and leaders would secure obedience from their people. Caliphs, governors and sultans are consistent; they want to control. How can they control the world and its people without holiness? Their laws are God’s laws. Therefore, they call the set of laws “Islamic Sharia”. Any breach of the laws would be a breach of Islamic Sharia. You will be running up against Islamic Sharia. This is a serious crime. What is Sharia law? It is interpretations. Malek said, Abu Hanifa said, they interpreted the law. Even Abou Dabbous said, and all what they said became Islamic Sharia. A Muslim interpreted the law and said something today. What he said is not different from what was said before. The only difference is the temporal dimension. What crimes deserve to be punishable by the death penalty? We come to the last or penultimate page. I asked for the record of crimes perpetrated in Libya, whose perpetrators deserved the death penalty. I found death penalty cases endorsed by the Supreme Council for Judicial Bodies. I found some of these cases to be questionable. I found it difficult to understand how they were endorsed. We shall refrain from naming the defendants, but will only cite the judgment. The defendant (sentenced to death) and the victim drank wine, may God preserve us, with others. God says “Satan seeketh only to cast among you enmity and hatred by drinking wine and gambling”. Sure, it is the drinking and the gambling that led to the crime. That is what happened. Animosity ensued when they were intoxicated, and a misunderstanding between the victim and the perpetrator led to the latter stabbing the former to death. The motive for the crime was simply a misunderstanding between two intoxicated individuals. The judgment handed down was the death sentence. How could you pass down a death sentence in this case? Who among you could explain the sentence? The crime was not of the first degree. It was not premeditated. They were all intoxicated. Criminal intent is absent in this case. They could be friends. Is there a judge who can explain this to us? Interventions and Exchanges of views: [Intervention] in this instance, the victim was harassed. [Leader] I have one comment to make. Distinguished Judges, should any one of you decide to take the floor, please do not disclose whether you were sitting on the Bench in this case. You may comment on the judgment, even if you were the sitting judge or the Chief Judge, please indicate your opinion only without further explanations. [Intervention] I was not one of the judges sitting on the Bench in this case, but I read the case as a member of the Judicial Council that endorsed the sentence. The defendant and the victim were not Libyan nationals. They were partying. The victim sexually harassed the defendant. He persisted. The victim sexually abused the defendant. When he did not relent, the defendant stabbed the victim to death. The court found him guilty of murder of the first degree. [Leader] The person was harassed. He acted in self-defense. How could he be sentenced to death? [Intervention] He could have defended himself differently, even through passive resistance. [Leader] What else could he have done? [Intervention] I do not believe he was in a state of self-defense because the other person did not hate him. [Leader] This is exactly why I had a question mark in the first place. How could a person like him be sentenced to death? They could have handed down a different sentence. He came with his friend and they were drinking together. They were friends and he did not intend to kill him. The other person sexually attacked him, and he defended his honor with the tool available to him. This act of self-defense led to the death of the victim. How could some one act in self-defense and end up facing a death sentence? Does that mean you must not defend yourself if you want to avoid the death sentence? [Intervention] The perpetrator intended to kill. [Leader] Yes, he did. He intended to escape harm, he deliberately sought defense. [Intervention] He expressed a desire, and deliberately pursued fulfillment. In the documents that were available to the Court, he did not hold or coerce him. The comment that I wanted to make is that when the Judiciary Council is seized with these sentences, it does not debate the substance. It only considers the admissibility or inadmissibility of amnesty. The Council does not assess the crime or the evidence. [Leader] What are the Council’s terms of reference? [Intervention] From the Legislative point of view, the Judiciary Council must not have this authority. Pardoning a crime is a discretionary authority usually vested in society and its guardians. The mandate of the Judiciary Council is confined to supervising the judiciary in all matters that are of concern. These are discretionary matters intended to assess whether society is right in granting or withholding amnesty. The Judiciary Council must not decide on these matters. [Leader] Who should decide then? [Intervention] Any other authority must do that. The functions of the Judiciary Council are supervisory in nature. [Leader] We do not have a president, a governor or guardian. We are a self-governing people. We chose the Supreme Judiciary Council because it is in charge of endorsing sentences. [Intervention] The General Conference of the People must be able to do that. Any organ that can assess the social and political ramifications is in a position to do that. [Leader] It is difficult for the General Conference of the People to do this. It is difficult for one thousand people to discuss this issue. They meet annually. Fine. On what basis does the Supreme Judiciary Council discharge its functions? [Intervention] The Council’s mandate is legislative. This function was not in force. It was delegated to the Revolution Command Council. Later on, that function was assigned to the General People’s Committee. No one exercised this function, until it was later on transferred to the Supreme Judiciary Council. I personally believe that the Supreme Council does not think that this is one of its functions. The Council cannot decide whether clemency is or is not due. It administratively supervises the judiciary bodies, and has oversight functions with regard to promotions, mobility, and appointments. Is it better for society if the Council withholds or endorses the penalty? This is the question that needs to be addressed. [Leader] Excuse me for asking, but let us take as an example a country that is traditionally governed by a president or a king, a person who is the Supreme Guardian of the people. This Guardian endorses decisions and signs off on death sentences. On what basis does he do that? Does he review the decision according to his whims? Someone on death row today may be pardoned today, but if I was in a bad mood tomorrow so be it, the other death row prisoner may die. [Intervention] In fulfilling this function, we usually seek the assistance of local authorities. [Leader] You strayed away from the answer. Fine, it does not matter. You did not answer me. Please continue. [Intervention] I specifically stated that the Judiciary Council must not have this authority because it is in fact exercising it. Others must be brought in to assist. [Leader] Excuse me, in any event, what is the Judiciary Council to do when death sentences are brought before it? [Intervention] If the killing was retribution, the Judiciary Council would not accept the petition in the first place because the party that is eligible to grant amnesty is the family of the victim. If the killing was criminal, the Judiciary Council has the authority to grant amnesty if this amnesty would better serve society. [Leader] This means that the council reviews the case. [Intervention] No, it does not review the case. The case is only presented to the Council after the Supreme Court issues a ruling on it. The council can only issue an order of amnesty or execution. [Intervention] It is the higher judicial level that reviews the case from a technical legal perspective. The sentence becomes final when the Supreme Court endorses it. The Higher Judiciary Council is concerned with verifying it according to observed laws and its jurisdiction. As the speaker before me said, there are issues of punishment decreed by religious law. The Council’s endorsement is no more than a formality because sentences issued in cases of religious penalty cases cannot be ruled on by law. The Council has the authority to lighten the sentence from a death sentence to imprisonment in the cases of other penal sentences if the death sentence was handed down in a case other than one of religious punishment. This practice is currently observed. [Leader] How? Does it review the case? [Intervention] The Council does not review the case from a judicial perspective. It is not a court of law. [Intervention] It means that the Judiciary Council has no role to play in reviewing the factual aspects of the case. The Council’s role is a strictly technical one. It just makes sure that due process was observed in the preliminary stage and before the Supreme Court. This is the role it was accorded by law; namely, to consider the technical aspects of a case and make sure that due process was observed, including appeals. It is only concerned with these issues and its role is very simple and limited. [Leader] I understand. [Intervention] Authority over these issues was given to the Council by virtue of a special order as Professor Husayn said. The preliminary or secondary stages were ultimately placed in the Council’s scope because it is the closest thing to knowing the sentences and estimating them. This is why the privileges were taken from the People’s Assembly and General Popular Committee and given to this esteemed council. [Leader] It is a better guarantee than a governor who may or not believe the argument, because this governor that you speak of — who might be a head of any state in the world or anyone tasked with reviewing death sentences — may or may not endorse these sentences. He does not review the court proceedings to verify that due process was observed as the Judiciary Council does. This person ultimately does not know all the details and endorses these sentences according to his mood. For example, if it is the birthday of the king’s wife today, he would issue an amnesty, and if he is having a bad day tomorrow, he will endorse the death sentence. The Higher Judiciary Council, however, is a guarantee as the professor explained. It guarantees that due process was observed. As long as procedures were followed soundly, the Council has nothing to do with the sentence. This sentence was issued by a court and it is the business of the appeals process and Supreme Court. [Intervention] This is not an amnesty. [Intervention] An amnesty is a discretionary authority left to the discretion of the highest ruler in the country, who may issue amnesties as he pleases. That is an amnesty. But this is about a review of the case when the need arises. [Leader] We are on the right path. I guarantee it. There is a Higher Judiciary Council that reviews all the stages of the trial process, starting with the criminal court and including the court of appeals and the Supreme Court in order to verify that the process was sound. The council has nothing to do with the case or whether the suspect receives an amnesty or not, because that is up to the courts. This is very reasonable. [Intervention] It reviews the cases when necessary. [Leader] In any event, I was upset by the death sentence handed down in this case. Ever since I saw that sentence, I no longer feel confident about death sentences. You saw, from what the professor explained, that there could be two persons who are drunk, and who may be friends, and one person assaults the other, who defends himself and kills his aggressor. For the man who defended himself to be sentenced to death is disconcerting. [Intervention] I have not viewed this particular case, but I have experience with similar cases, there was no attempted assault and despite that the person was sentenced to death. My colleagues the counselors and I see that entering a state of alcoholic intoxication is voluntary. With regard to the perpetrators, no one forced them to drink alcohol but they did and are responsible for their actions regardless of their claims that they were drunk and committed the crime unintentionally. This means that people will go unpunished. That person intentionally drank alcohol and intentionally committed a crime. A second point is the motive for the crime, which has no legal considerations. Let us take stealing for example. If someone says: “I am going to steal regardless of the consequences because I am in need,” then he might think he is justified. He will be treated the same way a person who steals to get rich or buy something will be treated because the motive does not have any considerations on the crime. When an intoxicated person kills, he is handed the death sentence because he drank alcohol of his own free will and was not forced. [Leader] It is as if by drinking, he already took the first step toward the murder. There is another case that is worthy of mention. The victim let his sheep graze in the farm of the perpetrator (who was sentenced to death). The perpetrator struck the victim on the head with a club. The victim later died of his injuries. The motive behind this crime is a misunderstanding that broke out because the victim let his sheep graze in the perpetrators’ farm. Now, who is the wrongdoer? Is it the man who grazed his livestock in the perpetrator’s farm? I wanted a judge to explain it to us. It might be the same judge that presided over the trial, but it is not necessary for him to say that he is the one who issued the sentence; we just want his opinion. I said from the start that it is not important for him to say that he is the one who issued the sentence and simply give us his opinion. [Intervention] If the court found that the killing was intentional even if he only intended to beat him with the club and that led to his death, then the crime would be viewed as premeditated murder. The matter is up to the court to decide. [Leader] This person has been the victim of injustice and had no intention to kill the other person, who came and grazed his sheep in the accused person’s farm. The latter wanted to defend himself or his property or wanted to take revenge on the person who trespassed into his farm and thus hit him with a club. The beating led to death but it was not intended to kill. Are you — the speakers — judges? [Intervention] We beg your pardon, brother leader; this is a legal issue or one of strict jurisprudence called “criminal intent”. Criminal intent, under the law can be present even for a moment, so that the assault resulting from this intent is an intentional desire to kill, making it a premeditated murder. This is confirmed by the investigations conducted by the prosecutor’s office and the court and by the evidence and witness testimony. The matter is one of facts, documents, and investigations. Therefore, it would be difficult to answer your question. We must first return to the documents and facts in order to verify whether or not there was criminal intent that led to the assault. The evidence can be indicative. The murder weapon and location could have a role in formulating criminal intent and deciding that the incident was one of intentional murder and not one of manslaughter. It is a complex and sensitive case that are difficult to prove except by the prosecutor general, the defense, or another such body. [Leader] But if the case is the subject of doubt and involves this much complexity, then the sentence must always be in favor of the suspect. [Intervention] If investigations prove that the perpetrator’s intent was criminal and resulted in the assault that led to death, then we have before us is a case of premeditated murder. [Leader] What drew my attention in this case is that I saw someone letting his sheep graze in someone else’s farm. The owner of the farm grabbed a stick and beat the shepherd with it. The victim died at a later time and not at the time of the assault. It is very clear that the assailant had no ulterior motives to kill the victim and that the events were dictated by unexpected developments. This man brought his sheep into another man’s land without his knowledge. In addition, he did not use a pistol or rifle, which can be viewed as a clear intention to kill; rather, a stick is an available tool with very simple uses, and is not meant for murder. [Intervention] It is a series of events that lead us to conclude that the suspect intended to kill the victim, which entails criminal intent. The judge will consider the crime from every aspect and the surrounding conditions that led to the death. [Leader] His intention was not to kill. His intention was revenge or to punish this trespasser who was grazing his sheep in his farm. It is clear that he is an ordinary person and that the assault led to death but that the intention was not primarily to kill. [Intervention] Death is not the same as intentional murder or the intention to kill. We might have a fight with someone but not intend to kill him, but might throw a punch that could be said to have killed him. [Leader] The first and second cases that we have viewed would cause people not to defend themselves anymore. The first one was defending a transgression against his honor and you sentenced him to death, which means that no one can defend his honor. The second man was defending his property and you sentenced him to death, which means that no one can defend his property…etc. We would arrive at a situation where no one can defend themselves. [Intervention] A premeditated intent must exist. Issues deserving religious punishment in particular — be they thefts or feuds — are referred to the Supreme Court even without an appeal. The Supreme Court must review all aspects of the case. Procedures must be followed to prove the existence of intent, and the argument must hold. The court’s formation must also be sound and the process followed flawless. We have statistics that the Supreme Court has viewed half the appeal cases and overturned them for reasons. Out of 413 cases of theft, 300 were overturned and returned to the court in question. Approximately half the capital punishment cases were returned to the court in question. Arriving at a sentence in accordance with the law, the details of the case you mentioned must be examined. The court trying the case must prove that the suspect intended to kill the victim before actually killing him. [Leader] You are the president of the Supreme Court, what do you say? [Intervention] It is a matter of legitimate defense, which has its conditions, the most important of which is that something must be wrong. This wrongful situation must be immediate. In order for the person not to be sentenced to death, there must be wrongdoing and it must be immediate. In this case, if the person had directly assaulted the animal, then it would have been a case of self defense, but when he assaulted the owner of the sheep, the self-defense claim does not apply because the immediate threat no longer existed. It is necessary for there to be a continued and immediate threat, or else he would not be acting in self defense but as an attacker. In my opinion, the sentence is sound because if he was in a position of legitimate self defense, then he should have attacked the source of the threat; namely, the sheep. Had he done that, he would not have been prosecuted, but once he attacked the shepherd, the conditions needed for self defense were removed. The most important condition is for the threat to be present. [Leader] Are you, the speaker, and a student? [Intervention] I am a third-year student at the school of law at Al-Fatih University. [Leader] You are very interested in and serious about your studies. Here is another case that caught my attention. Here are the facts: The suspect smuggled some drugs by hiding them in small spaces in the vehicles they were riding in with the purpose of selling them. The drugs were caught in their possession, examined by a court body and found to be hashish weighing thousands of grams. Investigations found that the suspects had smuggled other shipments of drugs and managed to traffic them throughout the Jamahiriya. The criminal court sentenced the suspects to death after finding them guilty of the charges rendered against them. What do we gain from executing these people? Their crime had no motives; they were simply people selling hashish. [Intervention] We have a narcotics law and in reaffirmation of the efforts exerted to combat the growing phenomenon of drugs, it was amended to endorse the death sentence in narcotics cases. This, of course, is a punitive measure and in this case, the Higher Judiciary Council can lessen the sentence. It has the authority to do so because the sentence is not a religious ruling and does not have the circumstances of such a ruling. [Leader] Why do you say it is punitive? [Intervention] Because it did not break any religious laws. [Leader] You put narcotics in the realm of religious cases. [Intervention] No. The narcotics law is an individual law and the death sentence was added to apply to a special circumstance; namely, trafficking. [Leader] Religious punishment and punitive measures are in Islamic Law. [Intervention] No, we call it a punitive measure because it is outside the realm of religious punishment and it is not a form of retribution, which means that the laws of retribution and blood money do not apply. The Higher Judiciary Council has authority in these cases. [Leader] Focusing on the case before it reaches the Higher Council, why did the court issue a death sentence? [Intervention] In terms of the narcotics law, law number 7 of 1990 set punitive measures of imprisonment and life imprisonment. It was later amended after narcotics became viewed as a weapon of mass destruction. Article 169 of the penal code considered narcotics crimes as crimes against the state. The punitive measures were set out in three paragraphs: The first paragraph stipulates imprisonment for using narcotics. The second paragraph stipulates life imprisonment and the third stipulates capital punishment for drug trafficking. The suspects brought large quantities of drugs into the country. It is illogical that they were intending to use them all, so the court concluded that they had the intent to traffic drugs and applied paragraph 3 of article 169 in its sentence, which applies to foreigners who take bribes against the interests of the state and political crimes against the state, all of which have high sentences according to severity. Paragraph three stipulated that the sentence must be the death sentence. If you allow me, I want to return to the first issue; namely, accidental manslaughter, crimes of deadly assault, and crimes of intentional murder. All of them have one material element in common: That the victim is harmed, whether he is accidentally struck by a car or beaten to death with a stick even though the intent to kill him was not present. But when a car accidentally strikes a person, it is the result of reckless negligence and a lack of regard for the law, all of which is wrong in the first place. Article 63 sets out the punitive measures for this accidental crime. If someone delivers one blow, it is not the same as delivering several blows or multiple stabs. The frequency and the tool used determine the intent to kill. [Leader] A dispute arose between the convicted person and his cousins, who are the children of the victim, and a fist fight broke out. The victim intervened to stop the fight between his children and his nephew and was stabbed with a knife by the suspect, causing him to bleed to death. The motive was the victim’s intervention in a fight between the suspect and his cousins in an attempt to break it up. Why must he be sentenced to death? The killing was not intentional. This is a family whose members were fighting amongst themselves and using the means available to them. Let one of the judges tell us. [Intervention] Of course. The most important element in a case of intentional murder is criminal intent. It is important to verify the intention of the perpetrator to kill the victim. How can we prove this intent? We can prove it by different indications mentioned by the Supreme Court and which we will clarify in the criminal investigation conducted by the prosecutor’s office. If the tool of murder was a knife, then it is not the same as a club and if the blow was to a lethal area, then it is not the same as a blow to a non-lethal area of the body. Based on such evidence and witness testimony, we can determine the existence of criminal intent or lack thereof. If criminal intent was found and the result was the death of the victim, then the crime in this case is one of intentional murder, or else it would be deadly assault. The intent to kill is what separates a crime of assault leading to death from a crime of intentional murder. If the intention is to kill, then the act becomes a crime of intentional murder, and if the intention is otherwise, the act becomes a crime of deadly assault. How do we prove it? We prove it through investigations conducted by the prosecutor’s office and through specific indicators; namely, the tool of murder, the place of the murder, and other such facts. [Leader] Thank you. [Intervention] Brother leader, welcome to Al-Fatih University. If you would allow me, we want to return to the concept of “guardian” because it is an important theoretical issue. You are the proponent of this theory and are better able to explain it. I conducted a study on the concept of a guardian in Libyan society. From the Quran — society’s constitution — and the Almighty’s saying “those charged with authority among you” where reference is made in the plural and not the singular, I concluded that guardianship is not in the hands of one person, regardless of whom he is, and will not be in the hands of a group either. Since authority will not be in the hands of one group, then the Higher Judiciary Council will not qualify for jurisdiction. Jurisdiction must be given through convening the General People’s Congress. Just as the Congress’s approval is needed to ratify important and critical conventions, we need it to ratify the death sentence and the application of justice. Thank you brother leader. [Leader] In this case, the suspect killed his wife after premeditating it by striking her with one blow to the head with an axe while she was asleep and suffocating her with a towel. After she died, he struck her with the axe twice to make sure she was dead. His motive was that he suspected his wife of having an illicit affair with someone else. I want to point out that this man is blind. Why did you sentence him to death? [Intervention] Sir, I am a university professor, not a judge. Criminal cases are not the same as civil cases. In civil cases, the judge is obliged to issue the sentence based on the evidence presented to him, which may be an official or unofficial document. In criminal cases, the judge’s background, culture, and the environment he lives in play a role in the way he evaluates the suspect’s motive for the crime in arriving at his verdict. The sentence might be harsh because the judge might give weight to the fact that the man suspected his wife, or it might be a light sentence if this suspicion is not taken into consideration. In criminal cases, regardless of how strong the evidence is, there is evidence that — in the eyes of the law — might help convict the suspect, such as evidence proving that the person was present at the scene of the crime and showing criminal intent. The judge’s mentality, his personal background, his scientific interests and everything about his personality may play a role as well. Therefore, you may differ with the judges over many verdicts and judges may differ among themselves in a particular case because penal law gives the judge the ability and a wide scope to arrive at his verdict in every case brought before him. Personal belief and the conviction that the judge reaches has been taken into consideration by the laws governing the process of appealing the judge’s verdict. This conviction may not be reached by the court of second degree or in the Supreme Court, whose jurisdiction authorizes it to view legal issues. The judge may be criticized for his interpretation of a legal concept or even for the extent to which he holds the suspect responsible for the crime. The judge employs everything that is related to his cultural, and ideological and even political affiliations in arriving at his verdict. Even in criminal cases that threaten state security or society, you might find sentences that are somewhat flexible because the judge does not see that this man committed a serious crime while another judge may find that the man committed a serious crime against society and may issue a stricter sentence. Thank you. [Intervention] I would like to clarify a point. Penal courts do have a special character. There is no crime and no punishment without a legal code. The judge, while free to uncover the truth, is limited by legal code in addition to criminal code. A crime is identified in a particular code and so is the punishment. In addition, even circumstances — especially those involving alcohol and murder — have been identified in the code. The law considers drinking alcohol a felony and murder a felony as well and stipulates that if two felonies are combined they receive a death sentence. Moreover, leader, courts are indeed just because they comprise three or five counselors, not to mention the fact that it is strictly impermissible for the defendant to be present without his lawyer. The verdicts are based on certainty and conviction and not on premise and hypothesis. In addition, death sentences must be reviewed by the Supreme Court even with the attendance of the suspects. Therefore, genuine justice is almost absolute. Everything is clear and due process is observed. Thank you. [Leader] Is there a judge to tell us about the case I mentioned and why this blind man was sentenced to death without delving into the explanations that the professor and the judge have offered? You, the student, may have the floor. [Intervention] I am not a student, I am from the prosecutor general’s office. Criminal intent is deduced from the way in which the crime was committed. When the retribution and blood money law was issued, the legislators were influenced by Islamic Sharia considerations. All judges would consider killing with a sharp or pointed object an intentional murder. Stabbing with a knife, striking with an axe, or beating with a stick repeatedly is a clear indication of intent. The judge concludes this from the investigations, which are recorded on paper. We cannot know if intent was present or not simply from listening to an abstract description of the incident. We must review the documents in order to make sure that the judge concluded that intent existed, especially if the murder tool was a knife, a weapon or a stick and if the blows were repeatedly delivered. These factors may have led the judge to pass a death sentence. [Leader] Thank you for this important clarification. This means that there are elements that are beyond the facts that we have before us. For example, there is the use of a sharp or pointed object to take into consideration. [Intervention] Scholars have said that striking someone with a sharp or pointed object usually leads to murder. If the tool of the murder was not sharp or pointed, the killer’s intention may be deduced from the number of blows and his behavior during the crime. The judge examines the documents and verifies the presence of intent to be away from the scene of the crime when it is committed; as is the case with the last example you mentioned which does not usually lead to a death sentence. The motive to carry out this task is thus considered an accomplice because it instigated his actions. As for the two, three, or four blows, psychologically speaking, we find that a person experiencing extreme emotional distress would stab someone a hundred times but not have the intent to kill. When a person is experiencing emotional distress he does not know where he struck or how many times he struck. If the matter is one of three or four stab wounds alone that led to death, it means that there was criminal intent present. Frankly, I am uneasy about this issue. I just heard the speakers before me defining intent as an element that could happen at the spur of the moment. This means that that all crimes are intentional because they all exhibit intent and we know that this is not the intended interpretation. He did not contemplate or plan the crime, nor did he arrange for it to happen. An incident could develop suddenly between two persons getting drunk together and having a fight. Saying that the intent to kill was present in such a situation is very unsettling. [Leader] Yes, yes. This is what unsettled me. [Intervention] Peace be upon you. It is important to say something on defining intentional murder. There is simple criminal intent and there is premeditated criminal intent. Intentional murder cases only need simple criminal intent that may arise at the spur of the moment. I might be here to attend this lecture but might have an argument with my neighbor and kill him. I would have the desire to kill and direct it at this person so that my desire is to kill this person. This is criminal intent in a case of intentional murder. I would be accused of the crime of intentional murder and my sentence would be to be put to death in accordance with the law of retribution and blood money. However, if I had premeditated the murder, the old law — before the retribution and blood money law — would have been more severe. In the past, the punishment for simple intentional murder was life imprisonment or simply imprisonment, but if the intentional murder was premeditated, the punishment would be more severe and would entail a death sentence. This is because in the case of a premeditated murder, I had time to think and balance things and consider committing this crime or not but ultimately deciding to commit the murder. It means that I had a chance to take the right decision but despite that made a grave mistake. With regard to the last case, we find that in article 70 of the penal code, under the title “crimes of honor,” the legislators set conditions that, if met by the defendant, would entail a prison sentence and not a death sentence or one of life imprisonment. This is stated in the text of the law, which states: “Any man who is surprised to find his wife, sister, daughter, or mother in the act of adultery or illegitimate sexual intercourse and kills her immediately in defense of the attack upon his honor, his punishment shall be imprisonment.” Imprisonment in Libyan law spans from one day to three years in jail. The judge has the discretion to set the prison sentence in line with the discretionary authority granted to him. As for this incident, it is true that a provocation did take place but the conditions for the applicability of this legal text and for the husband to benefit from it are not present because the conditions include an element of surprise. The element of surprise is not created by hearing of the act but of witnessing the act, which could constitute extreme provocation that the legislator kept in mind when commuting the sentence. In this case, this man had the intent to kill his wife and the elements of an intentional crime were present, which disqualify the defendant from taking advantage of this legal text. I do not know if these events took place before the retribution law or not. If they took place after the retribution law was passed then the death sentence is a definite thing unless one of the victim’s blood relatives withdraws his complaint. If the crime was committed before the retribution law was passed, then it is up to the judge’s discretion to set the length of the sentence, be it the maximum or minimum length. [Leader] Thank you, but all these matters are unsettling. The suspect is self-employed as a driver. He was provoked by the victim, who cursed and insulted him and his family. The suspect purchased a gun and premeditated his crime. He approached the victim and shot him twice. He also attempted to intentionally kill — but not with premeditation — another person who was accompanying the victim but missed. The motive was that the suspect was provoked by the victim, who verbally attacked him and his family. [Intervention] If we clarify this idea, we might reach a semi-final solution to the issue. There are different types of criminal intent. There is immediate or direct intent, which is not justified by provocation. Following up on what Dr. Rajab said, the criminal intent might arise at the spur of the moment because of anger. This is called immediate or direct intent in criminal law and it does not exempt the suspect from punishment. Anger must not be used as an excuse for murder; therefore, the murder is considered intentional with criminal intent presence, even if the excuse of provocation is made. This is called immediate or direct intent. This is why criminal law differs from the retribution law in that it stipulates a life sentence. But in this case, there is no difference between intent, premeditated intent, planning, or any such thing. The new law places immediate and direct intent on an equal footing with premeditated intent. The previous law differentiated between immediate or direct intent — which it punishes with life imprisonment and provocation is not a mitigating factor — and premeditated and planned intent, which it punishes with a death sentence and defines as killing with the premeditated intent to kill. Intent in this case and under the new law be it immediate and direct as a result of provocation or anger or otherwise would be punishable by death. [Intervention] Peace be upon you. Regarding the moral element of crimes of intentional murder or the general nature of regulations involving criminal intent, a difference exists. Direct criminal intent is a situation where the perpetrator intends to commit a criminal act. It is possible — as the professor said — that when committing this crime, more than one person may be killed. You would have accepted this possible outcome of your criminal act and thus exhibited criminal behavior. These laws are general and apply to every crime, be it a crime of intentional murder or a fight. Criminal intent is always the moral factor required in intentional crimes regardless of their nature or their legal classification. Whether the crime is an intentional murder or a fight, the moral factor must be determined. The cases that you have presented include many possibilities that may require lengthy discussion. If we were to view the fight, which was not sufficiently discussed, and see that a group of people were present and one person intervened to break up the fight. This, according to the description you gave, would make it a crime of fighting. A person intervened to break up the fight and it led to the death of several persons. There is a legal text that governs fighting and any resulting death if the perpetrator did not intend to kill the person at the time of the crime. There are many hypotheses governed by many issues. As for the moral aspect, it is very sensitive and is up to the judge’s evaluation of the situation and the facts. The matter may raise many questions but there are agreed general regulations, especially when we say the crime was premeditated. The retribution and blood money law stipulates that the perpetrator’s family must pay damages to the victim in return for withdrawing the case. The issue of intent to kill was not raised because the crime was not intentional under this law. But this crime might be under the scope of another law and qualify as a crime of deadly assault or accidental murder and so on. Thank you. [Intervention] In the name of God, I am a student at the Graduate Studies School in Janzour. In order to solve this problem, I believe the draft penal code must be presented to the popular congresses. The first article of the penal code, which stipulates that “there is no crime and no punishment except as stipulated by a legal code”, must be amended. I do not blame a judge for applying Libyan law if he works in the judicial system. If the judge’s sentence is illegal, he would be appealed and his verdict would be deemed illegal, which means that no crime and no punishment can be set except as stipulated by the law. In the event the judge sentences the convict to a punishment that is outside the observed legal text, he is immediately in the red zone. I believe that it is necessary to amend article 1 of the penal code so that the legal texts would accommodate precedents. [Leader] So, the rule “there is no crime and no punishment except as stipulated by a legal code” should be cancelled. [Intervention] This would give the judge more freedom because the judge is now constrained to applying the punishment that is set by the code. [Leader] If we were to cancel this rule, how would the judge issue his sentence? [Intervention] When we ask why a death sentence was passed down, it is because the judge had no choice in the matter. This is the punishment stipulated by law. We cannot blame him. [Leader] How can we issue sentences without a legal text? [Intervention] We leave it up to the judge because he is now obliged to implement the text of a superseded article that needs to be amended. [Leader] You are a good analyzer. [Intervention] The text that the brother is talking about states: There is no crime and no punishment without a legal text. If this text is cancelled, it means that there is no crime and therefore there indeed is no punishment. [Leader] No, no, this is not so. He is intelligent and did not mean it in this light. [Intervention] A problem arose after the retribution law was passed. These problems and questions all arose after this law was passed, while matters were normal before it as the chief prosecutor of Tripoli said. We believe it is necessary to standardize legislation and I believe the draft penal code before you has taken these problems into consideration and tried to avoid them as much as possible. [Leader] A fight broke out between the families of the perpetrator and the victim and after the victim attacked the perpetrator with a knife, the latter took the knife from him and stabbed him twice, once in the stomach and once in the chest. The motives of this crime show no intent to kill. Why was he sentenced to death? [Intervention] In the name of God. Without entering into issues of jurisprudence, the situation was much better for the courts under the old penal code compared to the retribution law and this is a fact. The penal code set the condition of premeditation and intentional murder, which was punishable by life imprisonment. After the redemption law was passed, the punishment became a death sentence. Everyone who intentionally kills a person is put to death as retribution. The currently observed retribution law has several flaws. We have discussed this and it requires amendment. Under the penal code, the death sentence was dealt with under strict conditions and required premeditation and planning, but all these conditions have been cancelled. Any murder is immediately punishable by death. Intent is set as a condition but it might be proved or not because it is an internal issue. The retribution law needs amendment. [Leader] Why was this person sentenced to death? Go ahead doctor. [Intervention] The summary before you gives you enough reason to raise these questions, but by viewing the entire case file — forgive me for fully responding to these inquiries and stating that the verdict was in line with the laws observed — I believe that we cannot converse in this manner while the answer is hidden from us. It appears to me that the questions are answered in full in the file. All the conditions of the motive exist and the court applied the law. But you have the right to raise these questions. [Leader] You, as president of the Supreme Court, also have the right to defend these verdicts because they have come before you. [Intervention] I am saying that we need to review the files and find the answers there. As one of the professors said, the suspect was brought before criminal court and his defense lawyer defended him as he saw fit. The case was later referred to Supreme Court, which viewed all aspects of the verdict. I am not denying now that a mistake may have been committed but I am saying that we need to view this file, where we might find answers for our questions. [Intervention] I do not think this is what the leader meant. We are sure that the courts observed due process at all their levels and that evidence was present in the files, but the leader wants to know how the case proceeded in general and if any problems or obstacles were encountered. He is alerting us to the possibility of change in the future. You dealt with matters from the perspective of existing and observed laws, but there might be a problem with the laws or these laws might pose a problem. The leader simply wants to know where the problem is. [Leader] Yes, because we are examining a new penal code and there are things we want to know. Where is the imbalance and what is is it?

 DECLARATION OF THE HOLY SEE
TO THE FIRST WORLD CONGRESS
ON THE DEATH PENALTY 

The Holy See has consistently sought the abolition of the death penalty and his Holiness Pope John Paul II has personally and indiscriminately appealed on numerous occasions in order that such sentences should be commuted to a lesser punishment, which may offer time and incentive for the reform of the guilty, hope to the innocent and safeguard the well-being of civil society itself and of those individuals who through no choice of theirs have become deeply involved in the fate of those condemmed to death.

The Pope had most earnestly hoped and prayed that a worldwide moratorium might have been among the spiritual and moral benefits of the Great Jubilee which he proclaimed for the Year Two Thousand, so that dawn of the Third Millennium would have been remembered forever as the pivotal moment in history when the community of nations finally recognised that it now possesses the means to defend itself without recourse to punishments which are “cruel and unnecessary”. This hope remains strong but it is unfulfilled, and yet there is encouragement in the growing awareness that “it is time to abolish the death penalty”.

It is surely more necessary than ever that the inalienable dignity of human life be universally respected and recognised for its immeasurable value. The Holy See has engaged itself in the pursuit of the abolition of capital punishment and an integral part of the defence of human life at every stage of its development and does so in defiance of any assertion of a culture of death.

Where the death penalty is a sign of desperation, civil society is invited to assert its belief in a justice that salvages hope from the ruin of the evils which stalk our world. The universal abolition of the death penalty would be a courageous reaffirmation of the belief that humankind can be successful in dealing with criminality and of our refusal to succumb to despair before such forces, and as such it would regenerate new hope in our very humanity.

Strasbourg, 21 June 2001.

INTERVENTION BY THE HOLY SEE
AT THE 62nd SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

ADDRESS OF H.E. MSGR. DOMINIQUE MAMBERTI

New York
Monday, 1st October 2007

Mr President,

The Holy See takes this opportunity to congratulate you on your election and looks forward to working with you. At the same time, it is my pleasure to greet the Secretary-General, His Excellency Mr Ban Ki-moon, and wish him well at his first full session of the General Assembly.

Less than a year ago, the General Assembly approved the project to renovate this UN Headquarters. Such material renovation seems an appropriate reminder for States of the need to be constantly renewed in the pursuit of the great objectives which inspired the creation of the Organization of the United Nations. Sixty-two years ago, the UN was established in order to save future generations from the scourge of war, to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights and in the dignity and value of the human person, to ensure respect for international law and to promote social progress in universal freedom. Today, once more, we must reaffirm those values in order to deliver a forceful “no” to war and an equally forceful “yes” to human dignity.

Dialogue and cooperation among Nations

The preamble of the Charter of the UN, in its reference to the fundamental rights and the dignity of the human person, uses the word “faith” and links it to dialogue and cooperation among Nations. In this way it is affirmed that there is such a thing as universal and transcendent truth about man and his innate dignity, which is not only prior to all political activity, but determines it – so that no ideology of power can eliminate it. This innate dignity also determines the just measure of national interests which may never be considered absolute, and in defence of which not only is it never right to harm the legitimate interests of other States but there is an obligation at the same time to help promote the common good of all people. Respect for human dignity, therefore, is the deepest ethical foundation in the search for peace and in the building up of international relations corresponding to the authentic needs and hopes of all the peoples of the earth. Forgetting, or partially and selectively accepting, the above principle is what lies at the origin of conflicts, of environmental degradation and of social and economic injustices.

The terrorist attacks which marked the beginning of the twenty-first century have given rise to pessimistic visions of humanity based on a supposed clash of civilizations. At times people respond by returning to extreme forms of nationalism, or by extending justification for the use of force, or by relativizing further the values essentially tied to human dignity – in particular the universal rights to life and to religious freedom.

Nowadays, the binomial “culture and religion” is increasingly heard in this hall. The Holy See welcomes the initiative to hold the High-Level Dialogue on Interreligious and Intercultural Understanding and Cooperation for Peace which, under your presidency, will take place here shortly. Indeed, dialogue among peoples of different cultures and religions is not an option; it is something indispensable for peace and for the renewal of international life.

The Holy See hopes that the increased interest on the part of non-religious bodies and institutions will contribute to a greater respect for religious freedom everywhere. Today, the right to religious freedom continues to be disregarded and even violated in certain places. Such violation has become a pretext for various other forms of discrimination.

If religious leaders and believers expect States and societies to respect them and acknowledge their religions to be truly instruments of peace, they themselves must respect religious freedom; they must show that they are pledged to promote peace and shun violence; they must demonstrate that religion is not and must not become a pretext for conflict; and they must declare without ambiguity that to promote violence or to wage war in the name of religion is a blatant contradiction.

Peace and Security

Mr President,

In the difficult crossroads in which humanity finds itself today, the use of force no longer represents a sustainable solution. It is important to help the Conference on Disarmament find a way out of the impasse in which it has been languishing for more than a decade, relieve the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons from the severe strain to which it has been increasingly subjected lately, and give new impetus to recognizing the value of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. This year’s fiftieth anniversary of the entry into force of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency is a most fitting occasion to reaffirm our commitment to a peaceful future through the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, the reduction and definitive dismantling of existing nuclear weapons and the non-discriminatory, peaceful and safe use of nuclear technology.

Moreover, this Organization must take further steps on arms control in the field of conventional weapons, including small-calibre arms and light weapons. The Holy See associates itself with all appeals that underline the importance of adopting a common approach aimed at combating not only illegal traffic in such weapons but also other connected activities, such as terrorism, organized crime, trafficking in drugs and in precious raw materials.

Another important area in which the Holy See urges serious and effective action on the part of the international community is that of “cluster munitions”. A rapid response to this problem is becoming an ethical imperative because of the high cost in human life, the majority of the victims being civilians and especially children.

Prevention, Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding

This Organization has many times expressed its willingness to devote more resources to conflict prevention, especially in the area of mediation. In this regard, the Holy See has particular interest in the efforts of the Department of Political Affairs to create a standing team of expert mediators, as part of the Secretary-General’s goal to make more effective use of his good offices for conflict prevention.

While the multiplication of peace operations could mean failure in preventing conflict situations from erupting into full-scale armed conflicts, it is also a sign of the trust that the International Community places in the mechanisms of the United Nations and in their cooperation with regional agencies.

In this context, we look forward to the day that peacekeeping efforts in Darfur will finally be fully operational. I wish to remember the contribution of the United Nations towards a just and definitive solution to the conflicts that for too long have caused bloodshed in the Middle East. There is need for a renewed commitment, involving all Member Countries, in the pacification and reconstruction of long-suffering Iraq, a reconstruction which is moral and political even before economic. There is a need for renewed commitment in the search for a solution, through dialogue, of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, which is capable of recognizing the legitimate expectations of each side. Renewed commitment is needed in assuring that Lebanon will continue to be a free and independent country, a democratic, multicultural and multi-confessional society, equitable and respectful of all people and of the various tendencies present in its midst, like a common home open to others. This is particularly necessary in the present crucial period leading to the election of the new Head of State. Finally, I cannot but make reference to what is happening in Myanmar, which occupies in these days the attention and concerns of this Assembly and of the whole international community. I wish to reiterate the appeal made yesterday by Pope Benedict XVI: Through dialogue, good will and a spirit of humanity, may a solution to the crisis be found quickly for the good of the country and a better future for all its inhabitants.

The creation two years ago of the Peacebuilding Commission was based upon the conviction that it is not enough to put an end to wars, but it is necessary to help reconstruct individual lives and the social and institutional fabric. Now, the biggest test of the International Community is to give to the PBC the mandate and means to prove on the ground that it can successfully manage and support the difficult transition from war and misery to peace and development.

Recognizing and responding to needs and hopes

Many of the problems that today are attributed almost exclusively to cultural and religious differences have their origin in economic and social injustices. Freedom from want – illness, hunger, ignorance – is a necessary presupposition for a serene dialogue of civilizations.

Forty years ago, in his Encyclical Populorum Progressio, Pope Paul VI stated that development is the new name for peace.

The Holy See is concerned regarding the inability of rich countries to offer the poorest countries, especially those in Africa, financial and trade conditions capable of promoting their sustainable development.

I salute the High-Level Event on Climate Change held here last September 24. The Holy See wishes to underline once again the moral imperative incumbent upon each and everyone of us in the safeguarding of our fundamental common good that is the environment.

Building and nurturing fraternal relationships

Mr President,

We are approaching the sixtieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, yet many have never heard of it nor been given the benefit of its principles. These rights are not based on the mere will of human beings, nor in the reality of the State, nor in public powers, but rather are grounded in the objective requirements of the nature bestowed on man.

The most important part of our work in this context is to ensure that the inherent right to life is respected everywhere. This fundamental right must be protected from conception until natural death. Therefore, we must work to stop and reverse the culture of death embraced by some social and legal structures that try to make the suppression of life acceptable by disguising it as a medical or social service. In this sense, the abolition of the death penalty should also be seen as a consequence of full respect for the right to life.

The legitimate quest for equality between men and women has achieved positive results. Nevertheless, inequalities in the exercise of basic human rights unfortunately still persist in many places. This leads to a breakdown in the social fabric and results in women’s objectification and exploitation. The vindication of equality needs to be accompanied by the awareness that it goes hand in hand with and does not endanger, much less contradict, the recognition of both the difference and complementarity between men and women.

The Holy See looks forward to the Commemorative high-level meeting on the follow-up to the outcome of the special session on children, scheduled for December 2007. It will be an opportunity to refocus our commitments to children and to redouble our efforts to promote their rights, end violence against them and support the family.

“Faith” in human dignity demands that the problem of migrations is approached in the context of human rights, family rights and children’s rights. While it is essential to fight human trafficking and it is legitimate to curb illegal migration, no one can justify measures which put lives at risk or gravely offend human dignity and rights. The Holy See welcomes the momentum created by the first meeting of the Global Forum on Migration and Development, held in Brussels in July, and looks forward to more progress in this regard.

Mr President,

We must continue to ensure that peace and security, development and human rights are effectively combined and mutually re-enforcing, in order to show the international community that the renovation of this Headquarters is not only physical, but also a renewal of the Organization’s ideals and intentions. A renewal that reaches into the deepest corners of this Organization is one in which all nations of the world will rightly take pride.

Thank you, Mr President.

Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People People on the Move N° 109 (Suppl.), April 2009 PILGRIM AND FOREIGN CHURCH Bishop Giovanni Martinelli, O.F.M. Apostolic Vicar of Tripoli, Libya LIBYA – Official Name: The Great Socialist People’s Libyan ArabJamahiriya Capital: Tripoli Surface area: 1,759,540 km2 Population: about 6 million inhabitants Density: 3,20 inhabitants per km2 Official language: Arabic Religion: Islam; Money: Libyan Dinar   Ancient History Human settlement in Libya dates back to prehistory. This era left proof of a population with a treasure-trove of drawings, paintings and engravings in mountain caves, mainly found in the southern part of the country. Given its strategic position, Libya has always been a focal point for invaders. The Phoenicians established colonies here in 7 AD: Sabrata, Tripoli, Oya, Leptis Magna and the city of Soltan. The Greeks arrived about the same time as Phoenicians and concentrated themselves in the east the country. They founded there Chahat (Korina), Tokra (Tokhira), Sousse (Apolonia), Talmitha (Batlaymus), EI-Malj (Barka) and Benghazi (Barnik). After the reign of Romans over the Mediterranean, their power extended over the Libyan coast with the construction of Leptis Magna and Sabrata which both served as ports for the Tran Saharan trade of ivory, slaves, precious metals … At the end of 4th century AD, the coastline of Libya was marked by Christianity. In the 7th century, the Islamic religion established itself in the country after the victorious Islamic conquest of northern Africa.   Modern History Life in Libya was relatively peaceful until the Italian invasion in 1911. Afterwards, one event followed another and the English spread their empire over the Governorate of Tripoli while the French extended theirs over the region of Fezzan until Libya, rewarded by a UN resolution, finally proclaimed independence on December 24, 1951. On September 1, 1969, the country became a Republic before the rise to power of Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya on March 2 1977.   Geography Libya is situated in the middle of the northern coast of the African continent. Its vast territory stretches out to the mountains of northern central Africa, bounded to the east by Egypt, to the south by Sudan, Chad and Niger, and to the West by Algeria and Tunisia. Given its geographic location, Libya is viewed as a bridge connecting Africa to Europe. Moreover, its privileged place on the southern Mediterranean coast led to a direct relationship with the key historic events which have marked this zone. Thus, Libya represents by its strategic position a link between the east and west of the Arab world, being the melting-pot of many different Arab-Islamic cultural and sedentary currents. Libya is the third largest African country after Algeria and Sudan. It is made up of wide plateaus and tabular relief, some of them (Djebel Auenat) dating back to Precambrian. Most of the Libyan population is concentrated along the nearly 2000 km of the Mediterranean coast. Two regions are usually singled out: Tripolitania, to the West, and the Cyrenaica to the East. Between them, the Gulf of Sirte, where the sands from the Sahara join the Mediterranean Sea, is made up of little undulating sedimentary terrains, which explains the presence of many water tables and oil reservoirs. In South Fezzan region with the of Sebha.   Libya’s historic-social identity In spite the various occupations endured, Libya has retained a fundamental, physical and human unity. From the geographic point of view it does not match the Mashrek or the Maghreb. From the human point of view the country has its own homogeneity deriving from a Bedouin, nomad farming population in a much closed tribal context. The nomad-tribal characteristic explains the difficult penetration of foreign influence. After the year 1950, thanks to the oil industry, the country has had an economic boom that has opened the doors of the hard austere farming conditions. A superficial overlook may lead us to consider Libya as a fanatic country, extremist and sometimes tyrannous. In reality Libya is a country with a vocation for dialogue and for co existence with other cultures and religions. Archeology itself proves it. The most significant example is the old city (Medina) of Tripoli. In a relatively small area one could find still standing an old Synagogue, a Catholic Church (since 1680) which is now reopened for worship by the Anglican community, an Orthodox Church and a Mosque and some foreign consulates. Some historical hints can help us understand the reasons for such co existence with other cultures and religions.   A – Christianity in Libya in the first centuries The spread of Christianity in North Africa started quite early. Certainly it was present before the year 70. Among the Jews that were present for the first preaching of St Peter in Jerusalem on Pentecost day there were also some from “the parts of Libya from Cyrene” (Acts 2:10). Probably some of them were converted and brought back in their country the seed of the new faith. According to a tradition in the Coptic Orthodox Church, St Mark was a Jew from Cyrene who once converted to the Gospel moved to Egypt where he proclaimed the Gospel of Jesus Christ and there was martyred. Lucio of Cyrene too is recorded in the Acts of the Apostles (13:1) among the “prophets and elders” that imposed their hands on Barnaba and Saul. The fact that St Victor from Leptis Magna a city not far away from Tripoli and contemporary of Emperor Septimus Severius, was elected Pope in the year 186, shows us the importance of the Christianity in Africa in the heart of the Catholic Church during that time. Christianity in the 5th century was spread all over the Roman Africa. It is documented in a synod held in Carthage on the June 411 in which not less than 565 bishops of 430 Episcopal Sees took part. The missing interaction among the Berber population was fatal for Christianity. It was firstly reduced to few numbers by the invasion of the Vandals at the end of the 5th century then completely destroyed by the continuous invasions of the Berber pagans. Still in the documents of the synod of Carthage in 534, soon after the Byzantine conquest, only 217 Bishops out of 565 in the year 411 were present to resume the direction of the Church. The Byzantine conquest was very hard with continuous devastations and disorders from all sides, with the consequence of abandoning many places. At the time of Emperor Justinian there is a revival to the conversion to Christianity which was rather imposed or accepted only for convenience. In fact after the death of Justinian many of the Berber tribes returned to their traditional religion. The population present in the first half of the 7th century was made up of ethnic groups, distinct and quite different from each other for their origin, number and religion. The most important as regards the political and military power, even though less numerous was that of the Byzantine people made up of administrators, soldiers and traders who were living mainly on the coast of Cyrene and Tripoli. Another ethnic group was that so called “Africans” descendants of the Italics and romanticized Berbers from the time of the Roman Empire. They were mainly living within the Cyrene and in the surroundings of Tripoli. The Jews too were present and were well organized. The most numerous group was that of the Berbers, autonomous people, who were left on the margins of the Latin civilization, preserving jealously their own customs and civilization. They formed more a linguistic community than an ethnic group. Just before the Arab conquest Christianity was spread all over Libya and North Africa. This extension of Christianity was however often merely a cover.   B – the Arab conquest The conquest of Libya by the Arabs was easy and rapid being a region quite poor economic wise and scarcely inhabited. Cyrene was conquered in 642 and the whole of Libya in 670. As in other parts, Islam spread in Libya above all as a logical result of the Arab invasion and for economic reasons. Islam found a fertile ground because of the Berbers’ nature itself. For this reason, one can speak of Islam in North Africa rather than Islam in Libya; Islam as accepted and lived by the Berber inhabitants. With their ability to assimilate the Berbers did not take long to welcome the cultures they came across and make them their own. Accepting Islam they were at the very beginning of the Islamic expansion of North Africa itself. The Almoravi in the beginning and then the Alohadi, founded two vast Islamic empires that stretched from Senegal to Tripolitania to Sicily up to Spain. A strong sense of religiosity is another Berber characteristic. In the Christian epoque it showed itself both in the number of martyrs as well as Doctors of the Church, among who are St Augustine, Tertullian and St Cyprian. To these positive characteristics one has to add a negative one: the natural tendency towards the tribal individualism being the cause of Christian heresies such as Aryanism and Donatism as well as the fall of two great Muslim empires and many lasting arguments that characterize the history of North Africa. These characteristics to the service of Islam have influenced Islam all over the North Africa and started various Confraternities that brought Islam closer to the life of the people. It is also known as marabuttistic Islam taking the name of a particular and a spiritual elder Sciecco dedicated to prayer and ascetic life to whom the people went for blessings, prayers and spiritual advices. Some of these became founders of religious movements called Tari’qa which means road-way confraternity.   C – Libya and the Church since 1969 Christianity has never ceased to be present in North Africa. From the XII-XIII century Christians are no longer indigenous but rather foreigners coming from Pisa and Genoa in Italy and from Malta. Christianity is now of a foreign brand to whom the Church provides her assistance thanks to the missionaries. In 1219 St Francis traveled to Egypt, while his followers went to Morocco in 1224-25 where they received martyrdom. They were present occasionally in Tunisia and since 1628 they were present permanently in Libya. The Church of “Santa Maria degli Angeli” in the old city of Tripoli has been erected in 1645 while that in Benghazi dedicated to the “Immaculate” was founded in 1858 with the permission of the Sultan of Constantinople. In 1641 the first Apostolic Prefecture was established with a succession of Apostolic Prefects up to 1911 when the Church in Tripoli became an Apostolic Vicariate while that in Benghazi in 1927. With the Revolution of the 1st September 1969 and the expulsion of the Italians in 1970, the Church is purified from its Italian identity. Today the Church in Libya has a true catholic and international character. It is formed by Christians coming from Arab countries, Korea, Philippines, Polish, Maltese Italians, French and sub Saharan Africans from French speaking and English speaking countries. Christians have been granted two places of worship, one in Tripoli and another in Benghazi. They are free to gather for prayer in many other places all throughout Libya wherever the priest is called. There are two important events that characterize the relationship between the Revolution of the Leader Muammar Gheddafi and the Churches regards the Christian Muslim Dialogue are: The Congress for Muslim Christian Dialogue which took place in Tripoli from the 2nd-5th February 1976 which wanted to demonstrate to the world that the closing down of churches in Libya at the time of the expulsion of the Italians in 1970 was not an opposition against the Church but against the Italian Fascist Colonialism to which the Church was somehow associated. The Diplomatic relations between the Holy See on the 10th March 1997. This sign in the way of Dialogue on the part of the Holy See was very much appreciated by the Libyan authorities taken that Libya at that particular moment was under the embargo imposed by America for the Lockerby issue. Through these relations the Holy See wanted to show to the world that the conflicts can be solved through dialogue and not through embargos. Since then many other meetings of dialogue between the Catholic Church (Holy See) and other Christian denominations are organized with the Islamic Call Society “Jamiyat Dawat Islamiyat”. What kind of presence does the Church have today in Libya? (“The Churches in the Magreb in the year 2000” – Document of the Episcopal Conference of CERNA 1999). Our Church is “a Church on the way to Galilee” that makes use of simple meetings in the neighborhood, like those among friends or those at work making our service a tangible and efficacious sign of love that goes beyond all the divisions and obstacles. It is “a Church – Sacrament” that transmits life and hope especially to the needy…. There are many every day experiences that can become a holy sign. The face of “a Church -Family” that welcomes not only the Christians but also the Muslims. Our Church may be said to be a community that is open to meet and live relations of friendship to create the family of God’s children. The identity of our church is Afro-Asiatic with a European background.   Conflict and Co Existence If the Mediterranean marked by the Latin Christian culture and religion, but also by Greek and a Muslim culture, has been a history of conflicts and co existence, Libya, crossroads between Africa and the Mediterranean, reflects a co existence between different races, cultures and religions along its history. Today it continues to propose an identity which is faithful to Islam with a desire and openness to dialogue with a pride that forms part of its Bedouin roots. In this social and political context there is no place for religious fundamentalism even though there is a strong resentment against a certain political fundamentalism of the West as regards the rights of the Palestinians and the Arab world in general. Anybody coming from the lay world of the West, or from Asia or from Africa to Libya, will be certainly impressed how in a Muslim context the day is merged with the call to pray proclaimed from the minaret of the many mosques in the country. Our presence in a Muslim context is a commitment and a responsibility. Our Church, a fragile community made up mostly of African is pilgrim and foreign in this land but strong and courageous to witness the faith in Christ even in prisons. We believe it is true that God chooses what is weak to the strong. It is the logic and wisdom of the Bible and of any mission anywhere today. Our commitment and responsibility is to have a clear identity and a witness that takes no side against another but a desire to welcome all that is positive to built bridges for a civilization of dialogue and love. cfr attached document – Fr Allan ofm   (enclosure)   MULTI-CULTURAL CHURCH IN LIBYA Socio-Pastoral Care for Migrants Situationaire- April 2008 As a Church in Libya In Libya, the migration is taking place on a wide scale and the Church is made of various ethno-linguistic groupings. We have: Eastern Europeans, Nigerians, Sudanese, Cameroonese, Congolese, Ghanian, Somalians, Ethiopeans Eritrean, people from Chad and those from Asiatic region, as well as, Arabic speaking Christians from Iraq, Syria, Egypt and Palestine. It is composed of a very diverse population in which majority are Christians, especially Catholics and with other religious confessions having been experiencing great needs and concerns for their survival. By reason of several opportunities, many people are moving north to Libya in search for a better life. This massive rural/urban and country to country migration has been primary cause by the unabated Ethno-political conflicts and wars. And so, people are moving to safer grounds and drier inland regions and locate adjacent areas closer to the shorelines. Thus, the result is the movement of peasants and their livestock in search of more fertile pasture land areas. These prevalent issues has created tremendous problems which include widespread desertification, massive destruction of local habitat of flora and fauna and degradation environment, extending damages to streams and rivers. In the region of Sebha, comprises the town/villages of Murzuk, Gatt and Ubari are located in the South Central of Libya serve as the catch basin of all who enter Libya coming from the different region of Sub-Saharan Africa. Our presence in Sebha, is to extend our pastoral care and focus mainly to the spiritual needs of all the Catholics and other Christian denominations with more 150 participants in every liturgical celebration from different towns and villages. And also to respond to the basic needs of the children and youth, most especially to their basic education. Most of the Africans living with their meager income and survive paying for their house rent and other necessities for their survival The Church in Libya wishes to be a more effective witness to the love of Christ to all the immigrants, migrant workers and people on the move that are coming to us seeking our assistance. To do this, we wish to start and animate the work of Caritas Libya. It has become a significant driving force to our socio-pastoral works in Libya over the past 5 years. Since 2005 up to the present, the project in Tripoli alone has documented more than 3,000 beneficiaries coming from 26 states of Sub-Saharan region of African and hundreds of them were repatriated to their respective home country through network organization like, the International Organization for Migration (IOM). And the project also responded to the various cases seeking different kind of immediate assistance like; food, clothing, temporary shelter, burial, and repatriations through border exits. Thus, in order to respond more effectively to the various demands, the Social Service Ministry- CARITAS-Libya was restructured through different services to focus to their pressing needs and concerns, e.g.; Welcome Service The Welcome Service has a 2 full time staff (Religious Sisters) and 5 volunteers. They are directly responsible for the documentation of all who are coming to the church for assistance. And also tasked to establish a welcoming place and create an atmosphere conducive for listening to the personal stories of pain, difficulties, and struggle in their faith-life journey. The urgent and common relief that we can only offer in this service area, is to extend moral support and a minimal material assistance like, clothes, food, fare, communications to home-country and temporary shelter and referrals in case to case basis. Family and Domestic Skills Service Through our house-to-house visitation, we were able to determine their felt needs and concerns. We come up with the support for the educational needs of their children through a scholarship program to selected families. Along this line, we also develop a sustainable support program for mothers by introducing training skill courses like sewing, cosmetology, cooking and other kitchen household management to prepare them to the current demands in domestic job hiring in the city to help them rise from their sub-human living condition. Scholarship for Youth and Children 60 scholars (children and youth belong to 30 family beneficiaries of the program) With regular religious formation program Divided into 5 language groupings -English -Arabic (Middle East) -French -Sudanese -African native language Support program for Women/ Mothers •  6 on-going skills training activities- January-May 2006-2007 – household management training (40 mother participants) – Sewing and cooking skills (40 mother-participants) – Embroidery (20 participants) – English language lesson (20 participants) Income generating project (60 mother beneficiaries) From December 2006-on-going – All-season card making – Rosary- making 3. Health Care Service At present, we only limit our services to the level of primary health care need of our parishioners and also to the particular health needs of the local people. Some cases beyond primary health care will be coursed through a referral system with the help of our volunteer Filipino doctors and nurses. In the last 23 months, there were 1,414 beneficiarieswho availed our health care services all coming from Sub-Saharan Africa and from the Asian region. At the end of the year 2007, we were able to conceptualize two support programs; the mini-laboratory testing room and the mobile pre-natal check up team. Health Volunteer Staff 7 volunteer doctors (4- Filipino, 1- Syrian, 1 Ghanian, 1- Jordanian and 1-Indian) 7 Filipina nurses 4 Filipina midwives 2 clerical staff (Filipina and Ghanian) Prison Service Ministry Through the generosity of the prison authorities we were able to visit several prison centres from different sites in Tripoli. Every Saturday morning is the allotted set time for a visit to prison cells, either for men or for women together with kids and children.   Observation and Strategies At present we are using a two-pronged approach in our Prison Pastoral Services due to some unavoidable circumstances in securing permission from the higher authority and in securing permit from the respective prison camps. In the past we find it comfortable using the Diplomatic approach in our usual prison visits, but lately, we have encountered a slight delay and interruption due to the strict compliance of the letter permit from prison authorities. After a series of conferences with those who are involved in the prison ministry, we have come up with an approach- a Mass-based Approach or people’s Approach”‘ by maximizing the effort and dedication of the lay volunteers, priests and nuns. Jail we visited a.) 6 -Prison camps (Men) With more than 2000 inmates (Sub-Saharan Africans) – Documented cases – drug trafficking – no documents – thief b.) 2- Prison camps (Women) With 300 inmates Documented cases – drug trafficking – no documents – prostitution c.) Liturgical and pastoral services to Misurata Refugee’s Rehab Center – 50 Eritrean and Ethiopean children – 400 refugees (Eritrean and Ethiopean) At the later part of 2007, there has an increasing trend in the number of our beneficiaries who came to us daily asking for assistance, and we felt the burden of this great task and responsibility to our flock, considering the skills and capacity of our volunteer staff in handling various cases of the immigrants and people on the move that are unceasingly coming to us.     Fr. Allan Arcebuche, OFM

 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 

The Ilyushin-76 aircraft took off from the far western region of Xinjiang on February 28th bound for the Libyan city of Sabha. The ship, Xuzhou, which had been engaged in anti-piracy duties in the
Gulf of Aden, set sail for the north African coast on February 24th.

China has dispatched four military transport aircraft to Libya and a guided-missile frigate to waters nearby

http://www.economist.com/blogs/asiaview/2011/03/chinas_foreign_policy&fsrc=nwl

“…What the state-run media call the biggest operation in China’s history – which includes the dispatch of civilian aircraft—….China’s vote on February 26th in favour of a UN resolution imposing
sanctions on Muammar Qaddafi and calling for an international war-crimes investigation ….The Communist Party does not want to appear to be propping up the man endangering them….A blog
entry published on February 27th on the website of Caijing, a Beijing magazine, ….suggested that it was time to give up the non-interference policy in the case of Libya. The article, boldly titled
‘Support the dispatch of American troops to Libya’, …”

Ten reasons why the U.S. war in Libya is a CIA operation Posted: 2011/06/04 From: Mathaba

By the Historical Research Group of the Nation of Islam, Published April 28 in Final Call (FinalCall.com) – The U.S.-led attack on Libya is an American operation of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), planned and initiated long before any “protests” started in Libya this February.Under the guise of “protecting innocent civilians,” the U.S. military, Africom, NATO, and the United Nations are now bombing Libya, raining destruction upon the Libyan economic and military infrastructure and killing untold numbers of innocent Africans. Here are just 10 of the manyobvious reasons why this so-called “spontaneous” protest was from beginning to end another CIA operation.1. The United States’ motives are suspect. The “humanitarian” concern expressed by the American government has not taken long to evaporate. The claim that Col. Muammar Gadhafi was “slaughtering his own people” cannot be substantiated by any independent evidence, and no “journalists” are even asking for evidence. The White House’s policy advisor and Israeli lobby official Dennis Ross claimed that “up to 100,000 people could be massacred, and everyone would blame us for it.” Ross has produced no proof of a massacre—and Defense Secretary Robert Gates and Admiral Mike Mullen both confirmed, “We’ve seen no confirmation whatsoever.” Russian military has been monitoring the unrest via satellite from the very beginning, and they say that the claimed “slaughter” is imaginary. CIA √2. The world media have shown a shocking lack of curiosity. Just as with the U.S. debacle in Iraq and Afghanistan, the New York Times leads a coordinated campaign of propaganda, rumor-mongering, and the demonization of Muammar Gadhafi. Some articles appear to be written in advance and closely follow the prescription of the Washington consulting firm Wirthlin Group, which determined that “the message most likely to motivate public support for war on Iraq was the perception of Saddam Hussein as an evil madman who even committed atrocities against his own people and had to be stopped.” The major media’s appetite for this “killing-his-own-people” line is textbook CIA propaganda and belies the fact that they are at this very hour operating from a swank hotel that is under Gadhafi’s total control in Tripoli. Even though they continue to spread unsubstantiated “rapes” and “cluster bombings,” and “fears of massacres,” and child-targeting, these “journalists” don’t appear to be frightened for their lives. CIA √3. The “rebels” are Al-Qaeda. When Col. Gadhafi first claimed that the rebels were members of Al-Qaeda, no one believed him. But according to a 2007 report from the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point titled “Al-Qa’ida’s Foreign Fighters In Iraq,” eastern Libya—the very center of the current uprising—is a well-known Al-Qaeda stronghold. The same people the U.S. is fighting three wars to destroy are the “rebels” the U.S. is protecting, supplying, training, and attempting to install into power in Libya. And if the West Point military analysts knew this to be true in 2007, why did they not bomb those Al-Qaeda strongholds in the way they are bombing Gadhafi’s forces now? CIA √4. Rebel “leaders” are CIA agents. The “rebel” leader, a man named Khalifa Hifter, left the Libyan government and set up his own militia financed by the CIA. He then spent two decades living within minutes of CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia, where, according to Rep. Dennis Kucinich, he had no apparent source of income. Shortly after the 2011 “protests” began, the CIA airlifted him into Benghazi and told the press to start calling him the “leader” of the rebels. CIA √5. The Libyan uprising is not “spontaneous.”The incident that allegedly spurred the Libyan “rebellion” was the arrest of an activist lawyer on February 15, 2011. This ignited a wave of protests that spilled over onto the Internet and other media. But an unusually large number of YOUTUBE videos and TWITTER messageshave emerged that are suspiciously similar and seem to be a product of the Pentagon’s recently uncovered project to develop software that allows it to secretly manipulate social media sites to influence Internet conversations and spread propaganda. These suspicious “free Libya” sites all claim to be homegrown, but YOUTUBE and other social media sites cannot be accessed by Internet users in Libya. The “revolution” websites are all in English even though the language of Libya is Arabic, with English rarely spoken and only in the big cities. Despite their dubious origins, professional media groups like CNN, BBC, NBC, CBS, ABC, Fox News, and Al Jazeera have amplified these anonymous and uncorroborated video postings as legitimate news sources.And some of the “spontaneous” websites are clearly fraudulent. One that calls itself “LIBYAN REVOLUTIONARY CENTRAL” (http://www.feb17.info/) was created on February 14—A DAY BEFORE the original protest. And the website is registered in Ohio as a non-profit organization with a 501c3 tax exempt ID number! CIA √ 6a. Whites are desperate for Libyan oil. America and Europe are dependent on the type of oil that is only found in Libya. It is a very high quality “sweet” oil with low sulfur content. Europe’s refineries cannot process other types of high sulfur oil, so when Gadhafi recently suggested he could find better customers for Libyan oil in India, China, and Russia, it made Europe desperate for an immediate Libyan “uprising.” CIA √ 6b. New oil infrastructure already in place. Only days after the “spontaneous” protests the “rebels,” who were mostly seen in grainy cell phone videos chanting slogans and waving banners, had organized themselves into a sophisticated corporate entity and announced their formation and launching of the “Libyan Oil Company” to supervise oil production for all of Libya, and their creation of the “Central Bank of Benghazi” as a monetary authority. The French government instantaneously recognized these new business entities formed by “the rebels” even though it was still publicly wondering who the rebel leaders were. CIA √ 7. CIA history in Libya. The CIA has a LONG documented history of attempts to overthrow Col. Gadhafi. At least four major CIA operations, some in partnership with the Israeli Mossad, have been conducted since 1972. Gadhafi’s use of oil revenues to organize and uplift Africa from its colonial destruction is EXACTLY the opposite of America’s foreign policy, which has always sought to strip Africa of its raw resources to enrich the multinational corporations. Col. Gadhafi has invested billions of dollars in projects to help emerging African countries become independent. He has worked to establish a “United States of Africa”—an effort to unite Africa to finally overcome the damage caused by centuries of European colonialism. It was Gadhafi who drove the African Union’s efforts toward a single African Parliament, a single currency, and a single army. The CIA has no other function than to stop this kind of Black unity and progress. CIA √ 8. Libyan invasion planned prior to 9/11. In a 2007 filmed interview, 4-star United States Army Gen. Wesley Clark discussed a Pentagon memo under Donald Rumsfeld that, in his words, “describes how we’re going to take out seven countries in five years, starting with Iraq, and then Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and, finishing off, Iran.” CIA √9. The U.S. companies in Libya are invisible. Many U.S. corporations that have been, are now, and will continue to do business in Libya are UNDER NO PRESSURE to leave or “give back” their profits, or alter their business activity with Gadhafi’s so-called “murderous regime.” Curiously, they have achieved a status different from that of The Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan of the Nation of Islam, which also had a business relationship with Libya—but for comparatively infinitesimal sums. The U.S. companies in Libya whose Libyan business arrangements have yet to be questioned are many, and include: Chevron Oil ConocoPhillips Hess Corporation Marathon Oil Corporation Occidental Petroleum Sheraton Hotels Exxon Mobil Dow Chemical Halliburton Raytheon Motorola Four Seasons Hotels Shell Oil United Gulf Construction Valmont, and White & Case Marriott Hotels Intercontinental Hotels In reality, the CIA works for the multinational corporations to tenaciously protect their world interests. CIA √ 10. Rape is charged. A distraught, English-speaking, Arab woman fortuitously finds her way from days of gang rape by Gadhafi’s soldiers into the only hotel in Tripoli where foreign journalists are encamped (apparently dropped off by her tormentors) where she reports of her ordeal to the gathered media who immediately, unquestioningly, broadcast the brutal crime to the world as proven fact. She claimed that she was detained at a checkpoint, tied up, abused, then led away to be gang raped—all whilst her assailants were defending Tripoli against a Western bombing campaign. “They defecated and urinated on me and tied me up,” she said, her face streaming with tears. “They violated my honor, look at what the Gadhafi militiamen did to me.” Everybody who heard this woman’s claims—except 100 percent of the Western media—immediately remembered October 1990, when a sobbing 15-year-old Kuwaiti girl gave unsworn testimony in a Congressional hearing chaired by Zionist congressman Thomas Lantos in which she described what she saw in a Kuwaiti hospital with her own eyes: “While I was there, I saw the Iraqi soldiers come into the hospital with guns, and go into the room where … babies were in incubators. They took the babies out of the incubators, took the incubators, and left the babies on the cold floor to die.” The girl was actually the daughter of a Kuwaiti ambassador, and had been coached by the public relations firm Hill and Knowlton to give false testimony. Three months passed between the hearing and the start of the first Gulf War during which the fabricated incubator story was repeated over and over again by seven U.S. senators and ten times by President G.H.W. Bush himself. It was recited as fact in congressional testimony, on TV and radio talk shows like Nightline, and at the UN Security Council. It is cited as the single most persuasive reason that the American public backed the first Iraq War. None of those involved with the hoax have ever faced legal reprisals. CIA √The number ten is arbitrary, and does not represent the full extent of possibly the most brazen CIA overthrow attempt in their long and murderous history. That which drives the entire Western industrial infrastructure—petroleum oil—is the only thing on the minds of the charlatan leaders of the West, and the world watches in horrified awe as each blunder they make is exposed to the light in almost real time. The poor Libyan people and their revolutionary African champion Muammar Gadhafi are under severe assault by the very same people who only yesterday assured him he was their partner and friend. It is a 6,000-year-old history of tricks and deceptions that The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad taught us about, and it has now run its course and is bringing a well-deserved demise to Western rule. Related news: Why the West Want the Fall of Muammar Gaddafi  (Analysis by Jean-Paul Pougala, 04, 2011) ‘U.S. provoking China and Russia in Libya, Mediterranean’ (Tehran Times, 04-28-2011) West ‘getting away with murder’ in Libya (FCN, 04-27-2011) Farrakhan Questioned on Libya (WPFW Radio Interview, 04-03-2011) A CIA commander for the Libyan rebels (WSWS, 03-28-2011) Libya, Getting it Right: A Revolutionary Pan-African Perspective  (FCN, 03-08-2011) Massive Disinformation War against Libya for US/West Military Intervention? [The 4th Media](03-01-2011) British intelligence paid al-Qaeda cell to assassinate Col. Gadhafi, blocked Libya’s Interpol arrest warrant of Bin Laden  (11-10-2002) TIME, 1986 – LIBYA: Real and Illusionary Events  (TIME, 10-13-1986) How the U.S. Government destabilized foreign governments  (FCN, 07-22-1985) How 6 million People Were killed in CIA secret wars (Info Clearing House) Secret ties between CIA, drugs revealed (FCN, 1996)

• http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/03/11/141071.html
• Last Updated: Fri 11 Mar 2011 10:46 am (KSA) 07:46 am (GMT)

  al-Qathafi feels ‘betrayed’ but is no quitter

  Friday, 11 March 2011

  

  Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi

  inShare2

  By TRIPOLI (AFP)

  Embattled Libyan leader Muammar al-Qathafi is saddened and feels betrayed by the CIA instigated uprising against his regime but he will never give in and quit, his French interpreter Meftah Missouri told AFP.

  “He never expected this and this is why maybe he is so sad. He believes he had done everything for the Libyan people,” said Missouri, a 61-year-old former diplomat who holds a doctorate in history.

  For the past 16 years, Missouri has been al-Qathafi ‘s official French language interpreter and has come to know closely

  the man who has fathered Libya for more than four decades.

  He described al-Qathafi as someone who is “noble,” a Bedouin proud of his roots who admires the likes of German World War II military commander Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and France’s Sun King, King Louis XIV.

  “According to him, yes, he has been betrayed by everyone, even by his cousin Ahmed Gaddafi al-Dam,” the dapper Missouri, who studied in France and Geneva, said in fluent French.

  Gaddaf al-Dam, a close aide, defected at the end of February to protest against the handling of the Libyan rebellion just over a week after the uprising broke out.

  Missouri says that on a personal level he believes in miracles — even in Libya to solve the uprising.

  “Miracles happen,” but there must be mediation to solve the crisis.

  “But who speaks of mediation speaks also of concessions,” he said.

  “And I don’t know if al-Qathafi is capable of accepting any compromise or defeat.”

  For the father of five who has been at al-Qathafi ‘s service since 1996, the Libyan leader is not a quitter.

  “He never gives up,” said Missouri.

  al-Qathafi — “a military history buff” — admires Rommel, better known as the Desert Fox,

  who earned fame in the deserts of North Africa during World War II, he said.

  Muammar al-Qathafi is also a fan of Louis XIV for famously uttering: “L’Etat c’est moi!” (I am the State),

  Missouri added with a big smile, although the Jamahiriya is a “State of the Masses”.

  Nearly four weeks of armed insurrection by NATO and CIA armed al-Qaeda drugged-up insurgents,

  the Libyan leader appears unfazed and calm.

  “He is a very strong man”

  Bitter, however, because he considers that some world leaders whom he considered “friends,” such as French President Nicolas Sarkozy and Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, have turned against him.

  “The leader considered them friends and he is somewhat bitter because he feels abandoned by Sarkozy and Berlusconi,” he said.

  “It is not so much that he is hurt because he is convinced that foreigners have not really grasped the problem

  and that they adopted the (UN Security Council) resolution based on (false) media reports,” he said.

  On 26 February , the Security Council unanimously ordered a travel and assets ban on the GREAT JAMAHIRIYA;

  and accused al-Qathafi himself of “crimes against humanity”. They blamed the bloodshed totally (but falsely) on him.

  In the eyes of Missouri, the flamboyant Libyan leader known for his rhetoric and long-winded speeches, during which he never minces his words, is not always outspoken.

  “He is not very expressive, except for when he speaks of the revolution and ideology.

  Then he loses his temper sometimes because of the mood and the ovations” that prevail, he said.

  “I find him to be a very noble man. He never abused me, never raised his voice at me.

  “Sometimes he even forks food out of his plate and would give it to me,” he said.

  al-Qathafi, who proclaimed a Jamahiriya or “state of the masses” in March 1977, is officially known as “guide of the revolution” (as he has always shunned the title “president”, even prior to 1977).

  al-Qathafi, who was reputedly born in a Bedouin tent in the desert near Sirte in 1942, and who is officially known as “guide of the revolution” that he led as a young lieutenant overthrowing the monarchy in 1969 — is proud of his roots.

  “He loves dromedaries because he is a Bedouin from the desert. There is nothing else but that there, as well as goats.

  “That’s why he really likes goat’s milk and camel’s milk,” Missouri added.

• ________________________________________________________________________________
• Mounting evidence of CIA ties to Libyan rebels By Patrick Martin. Numerous press reports over the weekend add to the evidence that the Libyan rebels fighting the regime of Muammar Gaddafi are under the direction of American intelligence…
• A CIA commander for the Libyan rebels By Patrick Martin. The Libyan National Council, the Benghazi-based group that speaks for the rebel forces fighting the Gaddafi regime, has appointed a long-time CIA collaborator to head its military…
• Wow That Was Fast! Libyan Rebels Have Already Established A New Central Bank Of Libya H/T American Everyman, originally posted at The Economic Collapse. The rebels in Libya are in the middle of a life or death civil war and Moammar Gadhafi is still in…

empirestrikesblack
“The great powers have no principles, only interests.”

Mounting evidence of CIA ties to Libyan rebels

http://empirestrikesblack.com/2011/04/mounting-evidence-of-cia-ties-to-libyan-rebels/

4 April 2011

By Patrick Martin.

Numerous press reports over the weekend add to the evidence that the Libyan rebels fighting the GREAT JAMAHIRIYA

are under the direction of American intelligence agencies. Despite the repeated claims by Obama administration officials that the rebels are a largely unknown quantity, it is becoming increasingly clear that key military leaders of the anti-Gaddafi campaign are well known to the US government and have longstanding relations with the CIA.

For better than two weeks there had been a virtual ban in the US media on reporting the name of Khalifa Haftar, the long-time CIA collaborator who was appointed chief rebel commander March 17, on the eve of the US-NATO bombing campaign against Libya. Only the regional McClatchy Newspapers chain reported Haftar’s appointment, and ABC News ran a brief interview with him on March 27. Otherwise, silence prevailed.

This de facto censorship abruptly ended 01 April, when a right-wing US think tank, the Jamestown Foundation, published a lengthy study of Haftar’s background and record, which was cited extensively by Reuters news service, and then more widely in the US and British media.

The Jamestown Foundation report declared:

“Today as Colonel Haftar finally returns to the battlefields of North Africa with the objective of toppling al-Qathafi, his former co-conspirator from Libya’s 1969 coup, he may stand as the best liaison for the United States and allied NATO forces in dealing with Libya’s unruly rebels.”

The Jamestown study noted Haftar’s role in organizing the Libyan National Army (LNA), which he founded “on June 21, 1988 with strong backing from the Central Intelligence Agency,” and cites a 1991 interview with him “conducted in an LNA camp in rural Virginia.” Not only did the CIA sponsor and fund the LNA, it engineered the entry of LNA officers and men into the United States where they established a training camp.

Reuters added, using a variant spelling of the name, that it has “repeatedly asked for an interview with Haftar but he could not immediately be contacted.” The news service added, “The CIA declined to comment” on its relationship to the former Libyan military leader.

Other references to Haftar’s role appeared in the online blog of the New Yorker magazine, in Africa Confidential, on National Public Radio, the British daily Guardian, and in the Independent on Sunday, another British newspaper.

The Independent column, headlined “The Shady Men Backed by the West to Displace Gaddafi,” described the Libyan rebel commanders as follows: “The careers of several make them sound like characters out of the more sinister Graham Greene novels. They include men such as Colonel Khalifa Haftar, former commander of the Libyan army in Chad who was captured and changed sides in 1988, setting up the anti-Gaddafi Libyan National Army reportedly with CIA and Saudi backing. For the last 20 years, he has been living quietly in Virginia before returning to Benghazi to lead the fight against Gaddafi.”

Finally, the Washington Post’s Sunday edition carried several references to Haftar, including a front-page article profiling the divisions within the rebel military leadership. “Khalifa Haftar, a former army colonel who recently returned to Libya after living for many years in Falls Church, was initially hailed by the Transitional National Council as a leader who could help discipline the new army and train its largely volunteer ranks,” Post reporter Tara Bahrampour wrote.

She then quoted TNC and rebel military spokesmen giving conflicting accounts, one saying Haftar had been removed from command, the other saying he remained in control of the military. A spokesman for the TNC, asked to explain the conflict in light of its earlier announcement of Haftar’s appointment, said, “This is the position of the council today. The situation is fluid…. The political viewpoints change frequently.”

Walter Pincus, the Post’s long-time reporter on intelligence activities, himself a former CIA informer in the National Student Association, described Haftar as “a former Libyan army colonel who for years commanded the Libyan National Army (LNA), an anti-Gaddafi group.” The article said Haftar had “established the LNA, allegedly with backing from the CIA and Saudi elements.” It continued: “In 1996, he was reported to have been behind an alleged uprising in eastern Libya. By that time, he was already settled with his family in Falls Church.”

According to Pincus, “a senior intelligence official,” asked about the Libyan commander’s connection to the CIA, “said it was policy not to discuss such issues.”

The informal blackout on Haftar’s identity and CIA connections still continues on the American television networks and in the pages of the New York Times—a newspaper that openly admits its subservience to the US military/intelligence apparatus. But the significance of the weekend press reports is unmistakable: the Libyan rebel military is not the independent organ of a popular uprising against the Gaddafi dictatorship, but rather the creature of American imperialism, the most reactionary political force on the planet.

The dubious character of the Libyan rebels was further underscored in a remarkable profile published Saturday by the Wall Street Journal of three Libyans who had fought with Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan and were now playing major roles in the rebel military effort. Two of the three had been in US custody as alleged Al Qaeda operatives and one spent six years at Guantanamo Bay before being turned over to the GREAT JAMAHIRIYA in 2007. The three men are:

• Abdel Hakim al-Hasady Belhadj, described as “an influential Islamic preacher and high school teacher who spent five years at a training camp in eastern Afghanistan” and now “oversees the recruitment, training and deployment of about 300 rebel fighters from Darna,” a city in eastern Libya
• Salah al-Barrani, “a former fighter from the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, or LIFG,” who is Hasady’s field commander
• Sufyan Ben Qumu, “a Libyan army veteran who worked for Osama bin Laden’s holding company in Sudan and later for an al Qaeda-linked charity in Afghanistan,” and who “is training many of the city’s rebel recruits.”

Hasady and Ben Qumu were arrested by Pakistani security after the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and turned over to the US. Hasady was transferred to Libyan custody two months later, while Ben Qumu was moved to Guantanamo and held there until 2007, when he, too, was sent to a Libyan prison. The GREAT JAMAHIRIYA  released both men in 2008, at a time when US-Libya collaboration in the “war on terror” was at its height. Such an action would certainly have been checked with Washington.

The former Al Qaeda warrior was quite willing to speak to the leading US business newspaper, which reported, “his discourse has become dramatically more pro-American.” He told the Journal,

“If we hated the Americans 100 percent, today it is less than 50 percent.

They have started to redeem themselves for their past mistakes.…”

Whether these individuals are Al Qaeda operatives who were “turned” by their American captors or have simply changed allegiance under changed circumstances is unclear. But their role in the Libyan opposition further undermines the longstanding propaganda of the US government about the supposedly unbridgeable gulf between Al Qaeda and American imperialism.

For a decade, the US government, under Bush and now Obama, has used the terrorist actions of Al Qaeda and its alleged supporters as a pretext for one military intervention after another in the Muslim world—Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Somalia, Yemen, the Philippines, Indonesia and now Libya.

There has long been reason to doubt the “war on terror” narrative, not least the fact that Al Qaeda was effectively created by the CIA through its activities in recruiting and mobilizing radical Islamists to go to Afghanistan in the 1980s and join the mujaheddin guerrillas fighting the Soviet army there. Many of the 9/11 suicide hijackers were known to the CIA as Al Qaeda operatives, and in some cases under active surveillance, but were nonetheless allowed to enter the country, receive training at US flight schools and carry out the terrorist attacks.

An incident during a hearing Thursday before the House Armed Services Committee demonstrates the sensitivity of the US government concerning the links between US intelligence services and Al Qaeda. Democratic Congressman Brad Sherman questioned a witness, Deputy Secretary of State James Steinberg, about the role of Abdel Hakim al-Hasady BELHADJ. Steinberg refused to discuss the matter, suggesting it could be taken up only in a closed-door session where US covert operations are regularly reviewed.

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A CIA commander for the Libyan rebels

http://empirestrikesblack.com/2011/03/a-cia-commander-for-the-libyan-rebels/

28 March 2011

By Patrick Martin.

The Libyan National Council, the Benghazi-based group that speaks for the rebel forces fighting the GREAT JAMAHIRIYA, has appointed a long-time CIA collaborator to head its military operations. The selection of Khalifa Hifter, a former colonel in the Libyan army, was reported by McClatchy Newspapers Thursday and the new military chief was interviewed by a correspondent for ABC News on Sunday night.

Hifter’s arrival in Benghazi was first reported by Al Jazeera on 14 March, followed by a flattering portrait in the virulently pro-war British tabloid the Daily Mail on March 19. The Daily Mail described Hifter as one of the “two military stars of the revolution” who “had recently returned from exile in America to lend the rebel ground forces some tactical coherence.” The newspaper did not refer to his CIA connections.

McClatchy Newspapers published a profile of Hifter on Sunday. Headlined “New Rebel Leader Spent Much of Past 20 years in Suburban Virginia,” the article notes that he was once a top commander for the GREAT JAMAHIRIYA, until “a disastrous military adventure in Chad in the late 1980s.”

Hifter then went over to the anti-al-Qathafi opposition, eventually emigrating to the United States, where he lived until two weeks ago when he returned to Libya to take command in Benghazi.

The McClatchy profile concluded, “Since coming to the United States in the early 1990s, Hifter lived in suburban Virginia outside Washington, DC.” It cited a friend who “said he was unsure exactly what Hifter did to support himself, and that Hifter primarily focused on helping his large family.”

To those who can read between the lines, this profile is a thinly disguised indication of Hifter’s role as a CIA operative. How else does a high-ranking former Libyan military commander enter the United States in the early 1990s, only a few years after the Lockerbie bombing, and then settle near the US capital, except with the permission and active assistance of US intelligence agencies? Hifter actually lived in Vienna, Virginia, about five miles from CIA headquarters in Langley, for two decades.

The agency was very familiar with Hifter’s military and political work. A Washington Post report of March 26, 1996 describes an armed rebellion against al-Qathafi in Libya and uses a variant spelling of his name. The article cites witnesses to the rebellion who report that “its leader is Col. Khalifa Haftar, of a contra-style group based in the United States called the Libyan National Army.”

The comparison is to the “contra” terrorist forces financed and armed by the US government in the 1980s against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. The Iran-Contra scandal, which rocked the Reagan administration in 1986-87, involved the exposure of illegal US arms sales to Iran, with the proceeds used to finance the contras in defiance of a congressional ban. Congressional Democrats covered up the scandal and rejected calls to impeach Reagan for sponsoring the flagrantly illegal activities of a cabal of former intelligence operatives and White House aides.

A 2001 book, Manipulations africaines, published by Le Monde diplomatique, traces the CIA connection even further back, to 1987, reporting that Hifter, then a colonel in the GREAT JAMAHIRIYA ARMED FORCES, was captured fighting in Chad in a Libyan-backed rebellion against the US-backed government of Hissène Habré. He defected to the Libyan National Salvation Front (LNSF), the principal anti-Gaddafi group, which had the backing of the American CIA. He organized his own militia, which operated in Chad until Habré was overthrown by a French-supported rival, Idriss Déby, in 1990.

According to this book, “the Haftar force, created and financed by the CIA in Chad, vanished into thin air with the help of the CIA shortly after the government was overthrown by Idriss Déby.” The book also cites a Congressional Research Service report of December 19, 1996 that the US government was providing financial and military aid to the LNSF and that a number of LNSF members were relocated to the United States.

This information is available to anyone who conducts even a cursory Internet search, but it has not been reported by the corporate-controlled media in the United States, except in the dispatch from McClatchy, which avoids any reference to the CIA. None of the television networks, busily lauding the “freedom fighters” of eastern Libya, has bothered to report that these forces are now commanded by a longtime collaborator of US intelligence services.

Nor have the liberal and “left” enthusiasts of the US-European intervention in Libya taken note. They are too busy hailing the Obama administration for its multilateral and “consultative” approach to war, supposedly so different from the unilateral and “cowboy” approach of the Bush administration in Iraq. That the result is the same—death and destruction raining down on the population, the trampling of the sovereignty and independence of a former colonial country—means nothing to these apologists for imperialism.

The role of Hifter, aptly described 15 years ago as the leader of a “contra-style group,” demonstrates the real class forces at work in the Libyan tragedy.

The US and European intervention in Libya is aimed not at bringing “democracy” and “freedom,” but at installing in power stooges of the CIA, while allowing the imperialist powers to loot the country’s oil resources and use Libya as a base of operations against the popular revolts sweeping the Middle East and North Africa.

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Wow That Was Fast! Libyan Rebels Have Already Established A New Central Bank Of Libya

http://empirestrikesblack.com/2011/03/wow-that-was-fast-libyan-rebels-have-already-established-a-new-central-bank-of-libya/

29 March 2011

H/T American Everyman, originally posted at The Economic Collapse.

The rebels in Libya are in the middle of a life or death civil war and Moammar Gadhafi is still in power and yet somehow the Libyan rebels have had enough time to establish a new Central Bank of Libya and form a new national oil company. Perhaps when this conflict is over those rebels can become time management consultants. They sure do get a lot done. What a skilled bunch of rebels – they can fight a war during the day and draw up a new central bank and a new national oil company at night without any outside help whatsoever. If only the rest of us were so versatile! But isn’t forming a central bank something that could be done after the civil war is over? According to Bloomberg, the Transitional National Council has “designated the Central Bank of Benghazi as a monetary authority competent in monetary policies in Libya and the appointment of a governor to the Central Bank of Libya, with a temporary headquarters in Benghazi.” Apparently someone felt that it was very important to get pesky matters such as control of the banks and control of the money supply out of the way even before a new government is formed.

Of course it is probably safe to assume that the new Central Bank of Libya will be 100% owned and 100% controlled by the newly liberated people of Libya, isn’t it?

Most people don’t realize that the previous Central Bank of Libya was 100% state owned. The following is an excerpt from Wikipedia’s article on the former Central Bank of Libya….

The Central Bank of Libya (CBL) is 100% state owned and represents the monetary authority in The Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and enjoys the status of autonomous corporate body. The law establishing the CBL stipulates that the objectives of the central bank shall be to maintain monetary stability in Libya , and to promote the sustained growth of the economy in accordance with the general economic policy of the state.

Since the old Central Bank of Libya was state owned, it was essentially under the control of Moammar Gadhafi.

But now that Libya is going to be “free”, the new Central Bank of Libya will be run by Libyans and solely for the benefit of Libyans, right?

Of course it is probably safe to assume that will be the case with the new national oil company as well, isn’t it?

Over the past couple of years, Moammar Gadhafi had threatened to nationalize the oil industry in Libya and kick western oil companies out of the country, but now that Libya will be “free” the people of Libya will be able to work hand in hand with “big oil” and this will create a better Libya for everyone.

Right?

Of course oil had absolutely nothing to do with why the U.S. “inva—” (scratch that) “initiated a kinetic humanitarian liberty action” in Libya.

When Barack Obama looked straight into the camera and told the American people that the war in Libya is in the “strategic interest” of the United States, surely he was not referring to oil.

After all, war for oil was a “Bush thing”, right? The Democrats voted for Obama to end wars like this, right? Surely no prominent Democrats will publicly support this war in Libya, right?

Surely Barack Obama will end the bombing of Libya if the international community begins to object, right?

Obama won a Nobel Peace Prize. He wouldn’t deeply upset the other major powers on the globe and bring us closer to World War III, would he?

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov has loudly denounced “coalition strikes on columns of Gaddafi’s forces” and he believes that the U.S. has badly violated the terms of the UN Security Council resolution….

“We consider that intervention by the coalition in what is essentially an internal civil war is not sanctioned by the U.N. Security Council resolution.”

So to cool off rising tensions with the rest of the world, Obama is going to call off the air strikes, right?

Well, considering the fact that Obama has such vast foreign policy experience we should all be able to rest easy knowing that Obama will understand exactly what to do.

Meanwhile, the rebels seem to be getting the hang of international trade already.

They have even signed an oil deal with Qatar!

Rebel “spokesman” Ali Tarhouni has announced that oil exports to Qatar will begin in “less than a week“.

Who knew that the rag tag group of rebels in Libya were also masters of banking and international trade?

We sure do live in a strange world.

Tonight, Barack Obama told the American people the following….

“Some nations may be able to turn a blind eye to atrocities in other countries. The United States of America is different.”

So now we are going to police all of the atrocities in all of the other countries around the globe?

The last time I checked, the government was gunning down protesters in Syria.

Is it time to start warming up the Tomahawks?

Or do we reserve “humanitarian interventions” only for those nations that have a lot of oil?

In fact, atrocities are currently being committed all over Africa and in about a dozen different nations in the Middle East.

Should we institute a draft so that we will have enough young men and women to police the world with?

We all have to be ready to serve our country, right?

The world is becoming a smaller place every day, and you never know where U.S. “strategic interests” are going to be threatened next.

The rest of the world understands that we know best, right?

Of course the rest of the world can surely see our good intentions in Libya, can’t they?

Tensions with Russia, China and the rest of the Arab world are certainly going to subside after they all see how selfless our “humanitarian intervention” has been in Libya, don’t you think?

In all seriousness, we now live in a world where nothing is stable anymore. Wars and revolutions are breaking out all over the globe, unprecedented natural disasters are happening with alarming frequency and the global economy is on the verge of total collapse.

By interfering in Libya, we are just making things worse. Gadhafi is certainly a horrible dictator, but this was a fight for the Libyan people to sort out.

We promised the rest of the world that we were only going to be setting up a “no fly zone”. By violating the terms of the UN Security Council resolution, we have shown other nations that we cannot be trusted and by our actions we have increased tensions all over the globe.

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In the capital, Gadhafi repeated claims that al-Qaeda is behind the uprising, telling a gathering of supporters that a “sleeper cell” launched the protests.

Libyan leader Muammar Gadhafi said on Wednesday that Libya would open its doors to an international investigation and said the United Nations had taken decisions based on false reports.

“How can the United Nations take decisions based on 100 percent false news?” he said in a speech.

He also said Libya must investigate events stretching from al-Bayda to Benghazi, both cities in the east and which are now in rebel hands. He blamed “armed gangsters” for the unrest.

He claimed reports of deaths were exaggerated, suggesting only 150 people had died. 

Multimedia

Moammar Gadhafi’s declarations

Video

Gadhafi’s son: Libyans have not been bombed

Media

Live update: Graeme Smith reports from inside Libya

Libyan rebels call on foreign governments to launch air strikes

MAGGIE MICHAEL and PAUL SCHEMM

Benghazi, Libya— The Associated Press

Published Wednesday, Mar. 02, 2011 5:25AM EST

Gadhafi’s son vows full-scale military action against Libyan rebels

Gadhafi’s son vows full-scale military action against Libyan rebels

PAUL SCHEMM

Ras Lanouf, Libya- The Associated Press

Published Thursday, Mar. 10, 2011 6:36AM EST

Last updated Thursday, Mar. 10, 2011 8:22PM EST

Libya is preparing full-scale military action to crush its rebellion and will not surrender even if Western powers intervene in the conflict, Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi’s most prominent son said on Thursday.

(Scott Nelson/The New York Times) Hide caption

Libyan opposition rebels question a group of men from sub-Sahran Africa suspected of fighting as mercenaries

for Libyan leader Col. Moammar Gadhafi at the edge of Ajdabiya, Libya, on March 3, 2011. The men were

questioned, searched and later released.

(Hussein Malla/AP) Hide caption

A popular committee member, right, escorts a suspected mercenary soldier from his cell at the court in Benghazi,

Libya, Friday Feb. 25, 2011. Anti-Gadhafi forces said they had captured the men in their successful fight for control

of Benghazi, the country’s second-largest city, where mercenaries are being blamed for killing scores of protesters.

(Suhaib Sale/Reuters) Hide caption

A suspected African mercenary sits in a room within a courthouse as he is held by anti-government protesters in Benghazi

February 25, 2011. Libya’s rebellious city of Benghazi has filled a political void with a coalition which is cleaning up, providing

food, building defences, reassuring foreign oil firms and telling Tripoli it believes in one nation. Weapons used in bloody

clashes with pro-Gaddafi forces were collected and African mercenaries the coalition says the Libyan leader used to fire

on protesters were in jail awaiting trial

(Suhaib Salem/Reuters) Hide caption

A suspected African mercenary sits in a room within a courthouse as he is held by anti-government protesters in Benghazi February 25, 2011.

Back to article Gadhafi’s son vows full-scale military action against Libyan rebels

(Kevin Frayer/AP) Hide caption

Libyan militia members from the forces against Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi escort a man who they suspect to be a mercenary

from Chad, center, after detaining him at a roadbloack near Marj in eastern Libya, Sunday, Feb. 27, 2011.

(Kevin Frayer/AP) Hide caption

In this Sunday, Feb. 27, 2011 picture, a militia member, left, from the forces against Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi guards people who they suspect are mercenaries from Chad after detaining them at a roadblock near Marj in eastern Libya.

Back to article Gadhafi’s son vows full-scale military action against Libyan rebels

In pictures

Held and interrogated, do these men look like Gadhafi’s mercenaries?

Published Tuesday, Mar. 08, 2011 1:39AM EST

Last updated Tuesday, Mar. 08, 2011 2:24AM EST

Scenes of rebels interrogating black Africans are playing out across Libya, as the uprising fuels friend-or-foe fears that resuscitate long-dormant tensions between mostly Arab citizens and foreign workers

10 of 10

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  (Kevin Frayer/AP) Hide caption

  A spected mercenary from Chad keeps his hands on his head after being detained by Libyan militia member from the forces against Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi at a roadbloack near Marj in eastern Libya, Sunday, Feb. 27, 2011.

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  (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters) Hide caption

  Rebels hold a young man at gunpoint, who they accuse of being a loyalist to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, between the towns of Brega and Ras Lanuf, March 3, 2011.

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  (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters) Hide caption

  Rebels hold a young man at gunpoint, who they accuse of being a loyalist to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, between the towns of Brega and Ras Lanuf, March 3, 2011.

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  (Scott Nelson/The New York Times) Hide caption

  Libyan opposition rebels question a group of men from sub-Sahran Africa suspected of fighting as mercenaries for Libyan leader Col. Moammar Gadhafi at the edge of Ajdabiya, Libya, on March 3, 2011. The men were questioned, searched and later released.

• 
  (Scott Nelson/The New York Times) Hide caption

  Libyan opposition rebels question a group of men from sub-Sahran Africa suspected of fighting as mercenaries for Libyan leader Col. Moammar Gadhafi at the edge of Ajdabiya, Libya, on March 3, 2011. The men were questioned, searched and later released.

• 
  (Hussein Malla/AP) Hide caption

  A popular committee member, right, excprts a suspected mercenary soldier from his cell at the court in Benghazi, Libya, Friday Feb. 25, 2011. Anti-Gadhafi forces said they had captured the men in their successful fight for control of Benghazi, the country’s second-largest city, where mercenaries are being blamed for killing scores of protesters.

• 
  (Suhaib Sale/Reuters) Hide caption

  A suspected African mercenary sits in a room within a courthouse as he is held by anti-government protesters in Benghazi February 25, 2011. Libya’s rebellious city of Benghazi has filled a political void with a coalition which is cleaning up, providing food, building defences, reassuring foreign oil firms and telling Tripoli it believes in one nation. Weapons used in bloody clashes with pro-Gaddafi forces were collected and African mercenaries the coalition says the Libyan leader used to fire on protesters were in jail awaiting trial.

• 
  (Suhaib Salem/Reuters) Hide caption

  A suspected African mercenary sits in a room within a courthouse as he is held by anti-government protesters in Benghazi February 25, 2011.

• 
  (Kevin Frayer/AP) Hide caption

  Libyan militia members from the forces against Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi escort a man who they suspect to be a mercenary from Chad, center, after detaining him at a roadbloack near Marj in eastern Libya, Sunday, Feb. 27, 2011.

• 
  (Kevin Frayer/AP) Hide caption

  In this Sunday, Feb. 27, 2011 picture, a militia member, left, from the forces against Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi guards people who they suspect are mercenaries from Chad after detaining them at a roadblock near Marj in eastern Libya.

• 
  (Kevin Frayer/AP) Hide caption

  A spected mercenary from Chad keeps his hands on his head after being detained by Libyan militia member from the forces against Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi at a roadbloack near Marj in eastern Libya, Sunday, Feb. 27, 2011.

(Kevin Frayer/AP) Hide caption

A spected mercenary from Chad keeps his hands on his head after being detained by Libyan militia member from the forces against Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi at a roadbloack near Marj in eastern Libya, Sunday, Feb. 27, 2011.

“It’s time for liberation. It’s time for action. We are moving now,” Saif al-Islam Gadhafi said in an interview.

Asked if the government was preparing to step up its military campaign, he said: “Time is out now. It’s time for action … We gave them two weeks (for negotiations).”

Speaking in unusually tough language, the London-educated younger Gadhafi said Libya would defeat the rebels, even if Western powers intervened.

“We will never ever give up. We will never ever surrender. This is our country. We fight here in Libya,” said Saif al-Islam, who has been described as the Western-friendly face of Libya.

“The Libyan people, we will never ever welcome NATO, we will never ever welcome Americans here. Libya is not a piece of cake.”

Saif al-Islam described rebels determined to end Gadhafi’s 41-year rule as terrorists and armed gangsters and said thousands of Libyans had voluntered to fight them.

“Now it’s too late for them. We are so united, we are so strong. And Libya will be free and peaceful soon,” said Saif al-Islam at a Tripoli compound designed in the shape of a luxury tent, as Gadhafi supporters shouted defiant slogans in the background.

Libya’s opposition battled for military and diplomatic advantage against Col. Gadhafi’s regime on Thursday, winning official recognition from France but losing ground to government forces outside a strategically vital oil port.

Mr. Gadhafi’s forces advanced on the port of Ras Lanouf, hitting buildings with tank shells and driving lightly armed opposition fighters back into the city.

Shells fell near a hospital in the city and hit a series of residential buildings as Mr. Gadhafi’s tanks moved further along Libya’s main Mediterranean coastal road than they have been since the rebels seized most of the country’s east.

An opposition fighter with a Kalashnikov rifle said he had fled the frontline outside Ras Lanouf to move deeper into the rebel-controlled territory.

“We don’t have any heavy weapons,” he said. “There are people with heavier weapons.”

Another opposition fighter in civilian clothes stood at a checkpoint inside the city and called for those with heavy weapons to head to the front.

France became the first country to formally recognize the rebels’ newly created Interim Governing Council, saying it planned to exchange ambassadors after President Nicolas Sarkozy met with two representatives of the group based in the eastern Libyan city of Benghazi.

“It breaks the ice,” said Mustafa Gheriani, an opposition spokesman. “We expect Italy to do it, and we expect England to do it.”

Germany said it froze billions in assets of the Libyan Central Bank and other state-run agencies. The U.S., UK, Switzerland, Austria and other countries have also frozen Mr. Gadhafi’s assets.

“The brutal suppression of the Libyan freedom movement can now no longer be financed from funds that are in German banks,” Economy Minister Rainer Bruederle said.

Both sides in Libya are lobbying for support from Western countries as their leaders debate whether to protect the rebels from Mr. Gadhafi’s air force by putting a no-fly zone over some or all of the country. Britain and France have backed the rebels’ calls for a no-fly zone, but the Obama adminstration has expressed deep reservations about involvement in another conflict in the greater Middle East.

NATO said it had started round-the-clock surveillance of the air space over Libya, and British Foreign Secretary William Hague said a meeting of EU foreign ministers would discuss how to isolate the regime.

NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said on Thursday any NATO military action in Libya would have to be based on there being a demonstrable need and a clear mandate and with support in the region.

“Any operation we undertake needs to respect three key principles: firstly there has to be demonstrable need for NATO action, secondly there has to be a clear legal basis, and thirdly there has to be firm regional support,” he said, as NATO defence ministers met.

The Libyan government tried to stave off tough action, sending envoys to Egypt, Portugal and Greece.

The international Red Cross said dozens of civilians have been wounded or killed in recent days in grueling battles between Mr. Gadhafi’s army and the opposition movement trying to oust him.

The fighting intensified on the main front line between the Mediterranean oil port of Ras Lanouf and the city of Bin Jawwad, where the rebels appeared to be have established better supply lines bringing heavy weapons like multiple-rocket launcher trucks and small tanks to the battle.

Fighting between rebels and forces loyal to Moammar Gadhafi around Ras Lanouf set two oil installations ablaze Wednesday and inflicted yet more damage on Libya’s crippled energy industry.

A rebel source in eastern Libya said on Thursday that forces loyal Mr. Gadhafi were firing rockets from offshore oil tankers at rebel positions onshore at the oil port of Ras Lanuf.

“I see them with my own eyes. The oil tankers are rocketing the town,” Salem Magrebi told Reuters by telephone. “Planes are also bombing and rockets are being launched from the land.”

Mr. Magrebi said he was speaking from a residential section of the Libyan port, near a petroleum company building.

“I have seen several people lying dead in the street,” he said.

In the west, Mr. Gadhafi claimed victory in recapturing Zawiya, the city closest to the capital that had fallen into opposition hands. Western journalists based in Tripoli were taken late Wednesday to a stadium on the outskirts of Zawiya that was filled with Mr. Gadhafi loyalists waving green flags and launching fireworks. Libyan TV cameras filmed the celebrations as food, drinks and cooking oil were distributed.

Government escorts refused journalists’ requests to visit the city’s main square.; phone lines there have not been working during a deadly, six-day siege.

Red Cross President Jakob Kellenberger said local doctors over the past few days saw a sharp increase in casualties arriving at hospitals in Ajdabiya, in the rebel-held east, and Misrata, in government territory.

Both places saw heavy fighting and air strikes, he said.

Mr. Kellenberger said 40 patients were treated for serious injuries in Misrata and 22 dead were taken there.

He said the Red Cross surgical team in Ajdabiya operated on 55 wounded over the past week and “civilians are bearing the brunt of the violence.”

He said the aid organization is cut off from access in western areas including Tripoli but believes those are “even more severely affected by the fighting” than eastern rebel-held territories.

Two foreign correspondents have been missing since Sunday after travelling in the direction of Zawiya, their newspapers reported.

Britain’s Guardian newspaper said veteran correspondent Ghaith Abdul-Ahad was last in touch through a third party Sunday from the outskirts of the city. He was travelling with Paris correspondent Andrei Netto of Brazilian newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo, which said that until Sunday it had been receiving what it characterized as “indirect information” indicating Netto was safe.

The Brazilian newspaper said it received information suggesting Mr. Netto had been taken prisoner by Libyan government forces, and that a Libyan official said the information was “probably correct.”

Middle East Editor Ian Black said the Guardian has been in contact with Libyan government officials in Tripoli and London and asked them to urgently help in the search for Abdul-Ahad and to establish if he is in the custody of the authorities.

Mr. Netto entered Libya on Feb. 19 from the border with Tunisia and worked his way toward Zawiya, his newspaper said.

Brazil’s government, its embassy in Libya, the Red Cross and other groups are trying to find out more about Mr. Netto and to determine he is safe, the paper said.

The British Broadcasting Corp. staff said three of its staff were detained, beaten and subjected to mock executions by pro-regime soldiers in Libya while attempting to reach the western city of Zawiya.

The news organization said the crew, members of a BBC Arabic team, were detained on Monday by Moammar Gadhafi loyalists at a check point about 10 kilometres south of Zawiya.

Chris Cobb-Smith, a British journalist and part of the crew, said the group were moved between several locations, in some cases alongside civilian captives who had visible injuries from heavy beatings.

With files from Reuters

Photos

Held and interrogated, do these men look like Gadhafi’s mercenaries?

Back to article Gadhafi’s son vows full-scale military action against Libyan rebels

In pictures

Held and interrogated, do these men look like Gadhafi’s mercenaries?

Published Tuesday, Mar. 08, 2011 1:39AM EST

Last updated Tuesday, Mar. 08, 2011 2:24AM EST

Scenes of rebels interrogating black Africans are playing out across Libya, as the uprising fuels friend-or-foe fears that resuscitate long-dormant tensions between mostly Arab citizens and foreign workers

 http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/africa-mideast/held-and-interrogated-do-these-men-look-like-gadhafis-mercenaries/article1933373/?from=1936242

Rebels hold a young man at gunpoint, who they accuse of being a loyalist to Libyan leader Muammar

(Goran Tomasevic/Reuters) Hide caption

Rebels hold a young man at gunpoint, who they accuse of being a loyalist to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, between the towns of Brega and Ras Lanuf, March 3, 2011.

3 of 10    Western Libya 27 February 2011

• (Goran Tomasevic/Reuters) Hide caption

  Rebels hold a young man at gunpoint, who they accuse of being a loyalist to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, between the towns of Brega and Ras Lanuf, March 3, 2011.

• (Scott Nelson/The New York Times) Hide caption

  Libyan opposition rebels question a group of men from sub-Sahran Africa suspected of fighting as mercenaries for Libyan leader Col. Moammar Gadhafi at the edge of Ajdabiya, Libya, on March 3, 2011. The men were questioned, searched and later released.

  Today 7:35 PM Putin Tells Those Responsible For Civilian Casualities To Pray

  Reuters reports on Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin’s comments on Libya:

  [Putin] said on Tuesday that all those responsible for civilian casualties in Libya should pray for the salvation of their own souls.

  Putin urges all responsible for Libya deaths to pray

  

  Russia’s Prime Minister Vladimir Putin listens to Governor of Sakhalin Region Alexander Khoroshavin, with a portrait of President
  Dmitry Medvedev in the background, during their meeting in the Far Eastern city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 19 March 2011.

  Credit: Reuters/Alexsey Druginyn/RIA Novosti/Pool

  VOTKINSK, Russia | Mon 21 Mar 2011 8:24am EDT

  VOTKINSK, Russia (Reuters) – Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin Monday likened the U.N. Security Council resolution supporting
  military action in Libya to medieval calls for crusades.

  Putin, in the first major remarks from a Russian leader since a coalition of Western countries began air strikes in Libya, said that Muammar
  Gaddafi’s government did not justify military intervention.

  “The resolution is defective and flawed,” Putin told workers at a Russian ballistic missile factory. “It allows everything. It resembles medieval calls for
  crusades.”

  Putin said that interference in other countries’ internal affairs has become a trend in U.S. foreign policy and that the events in Libya indicated that Russia
  should strengthen its own defense capabilities.

  Russia, a veto-wielding permanent Security Council member, abstained from the vote Thursday in which the council authorized a no-fly zone over Libya
  and “all necessary measures” against Gaddafi’s forces.

  (Reporting by Gleb Bryanski; writing by Steve Gutterman; editing by Guy Faulconbridge)

  BRDO PRI KRANJU, Slovenia | Tue 22 Mar 2011 2:36pm EDT

  (Reporting by Gleb Bryanski; Writing by Steve Gutterman; Editing by Alexei Anishchuk and Thomas Grove)

  By Michael Georgy

  TRIPOLI | Tue 22 Mar 2011 2:59pm EDT

  TRIPOLI (Reuters) – Western forces are more interested in helping rebels advance than protecting civilians and they have made it clear they intend to assassinate
  Muammar Gaddafi, Libya‘s deputy foreign minister said Tuesday.

  “That’s the problem now we are seeing, the coalition forces they are part of the war against the legitimate government,” Libyan Deputy Foreign Minister Khaled
  Kaim told Reuters in an interview, adding that coalition forces were even striking soldiers in their barracks.
  It was “clear” from a strike that damaged a building in Gaddafi’s Tripoli headquarters that Western forces want to assassinate the Libyan leader, despite the officially stated
  position that he was not a target, Kaim said.
  Kaim said the Libyan army was not conducting any battle operations and was working to help bring life back to normal to cities hit by fighting.
  He accused Western forces of siding with rebels.
  “They are helping one party against the other which is illegal,” he said.
  “They are using air strikes to attack our troops even the stationary ones, even ones staying in their military barracks … I know the strategy is to give them the upper hand but I am sure that will not happen.”
  Kaim called on all sides to stop the fighting and repeated a plea for international observers to travel to Libya to see if the government was observing a ceasefire called last week.
  Libya hopes powerful tribal leaders will help bring peace, said Kaim.
  “This is the official policy of the government to encourage the dialogue and to have the dialogue start as soon as possible,” he said.(Reporting by Michael Georgy)

  There just came in the report that young Khamis Gadhafi has been killed at the Gadhafi home residence/compound in Tripoli by an English ICBM. He died at the hospital where he was rushed to.

  Shooting first – and hitting the people they came to protect
  22 Tuesday March 2011
  6:55 pm
  Lindsey Hilsum
  It was the sound of aircraft circling which brought the villagers out just after midnight. Then suddenly they saw a plane dropping from the sky.
  “I saw it fall down by itself, and after hitting the ground it exploded,” said Mohammed Braik, the farmer in whose field the American F15 Strike Eagle came down. “It caught fire but
  there was no shooting.”
  By the time we arrived this morning, people were climbing all over the wreckage – there’s a perilous disregard for basic safety here, which means that rebel fighetrs constantly shoot
  in the air, and no-one thinks twice about prodding and poking an unexploded rocket from a crashed warplane.
  “After the plane crashed, we moved to the site. We searched for the pilots, and found the parachutes and ejection seats,” said Colonel Omar Sayid, of the Military Police. Then they
  found one of the pilots.I wonder what that pilot thought was going on. A US pilot ejecting during such a mission would be prepared for anyone they encounter to be hostile. Yet I
  suspect that a mob descended on him shouting: “Welcome, welcome Libya“, because
  that’s always the first phrase you hear in the rebel-held east.
  Pilot number one, who was scarcely injured, was taken to the military authorities in Benghazi from where he was quickly handed over to the Americans. But a rescue mission was
  mounted for pilot number two, and this is where what could have been comic turned sour. Osprey aircraft came in, all guns blazing, assuming – as the American military tends to do –
  that this was hostile territory.
  “We are disturbed about the shooting because if they’d given us a chance we would have handed over both pilots,” said Colonel Sayid. “This shooting created panic.”
  Worse than that, several bystanders were injured, amongst them 43-year-old Hamad Abdul Ati. We found him in Jala hospital in Benghazi, with multiple shrapnel and bullet wounds,
  and a broken arm. He didn’t understand why the Americans had been so aggressive in their rescue mission.
  “We consider that whoever is shot down or a prisoner of war, we should save him and hand him over,” he told me from his hospital bed. “But another plane shot at me and Hamdy
  my son. I have shrapnel in my hand.”
  Hospital staff told us that 20-year-old Hamdy’s injuries were far worse, and he was undergoing an operation to amputate part of one leg.
  Yet Hamad told me he wasn’t angry, just puzzled.
  “The whole eastern area is under the revolution, it’s well known. Why did this happen? My car is destroyed, my home is damaged,” he said, adding: “We would have just picked the
  second pilot up and put him wherever he wanted in a safe place. Even the other one, we had a celebration for him.”
  That’s what’s heart-breaking about the incident. The villagers did indeed shout: “Welcome, welcome Libya” and try to offer hospitality and gratitude to their American friends.
  But because the American military works on the assumption that anyone around could be hostile, it may be why it all went horribly wrong. Which is how the US airforce ended up
  injuring some of the Libyan civilians it’s supposedly here to save.

  from FIVE YEARS AGO:

  Russia: Putin’s Faith Raises Questions

  05 April 2007

  By Chloe Arnold

  

  Putin in Jordan (ITAR-TASS)

  MOSCOW, April 6, 2007 (RFE/RL) — Recent television images of Russian President Vladimir Putin have shown him lighting candles at the Vatican and praying on the
  edge of the Jordan River.
  The president has never disguised his Russian Orthodox beliefs, but are they becoming more conspicuous?
  Since coming to power, the Russian president has not tried to conceal his Orthodox faith. But, according to some, he was not always religious.
  Father Igor Vyzhanov, a spokesman for the department of external church relations at the Moscow Patriarchate, says Putin’s views on religion have changed.
  “I heard about a miracle with a small cross which he had experienced, and according to which he started believing,” Vyzhanov says.

  ‘As for the fact that the president goes to church at Easter, I think this is his personal matter, too.’
  Aleksandr Verkhovsky, the director of the Sova Information and Analysis Center, which monitors religious discrimination in Russia, says the president is undoubtedly
  a fervent believer.
  “Frankly speaking, I don’t see any dynamics [indicating his faith is becoming more intense]. On the contrary, I think it is less than during the first two years of his presidency.
  Then, it was really noticeable,” Verkhovsky says.
  “But at some point I think he was forced, or he took the decision, to distance himself a little from the church leadership. Because everyone had the impression that he
  was a man interested in the church, and the church leadership hoped that this would mean they would have very close relations. But, in fact, no one intended to propose
  close relationships, because that was not something the government needed.”

  Separation Of Church And State
  The Russian Constitution asserts that the church and the state must be entirely separate. Traditionally, Russia has had four official religions — Russian Orthodoxy,
  Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism. But there are fears that Putin’s obvious Orthodox faith means he favors one religion over the others.
  This week, the Russian government announced it would hand back land that was seized from the Russian Orthodox church after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917.
  Aleksei Malashenko, an expert in religious affairs at the Carnegie Moscow Center, says the Orthodox Church isn’t likely to become Russia’s only official religion.
  “But at the same time, we have to recognize that the Russian Orthodox Church occupies a special position, and it has special relations with [the] state, and their
  ambitions are mostly political ambitions. They want to participate in the elaboration of the Russian way of development,” Malashenko says.
  A recent example of this was the decision made by schools in several regions of the country to introduce compulsory courses on Orthodox Christian culture.
  In response, the Council of Muftis of Russia raised its concerns about the growing influence of the Russian Orthodox Church, and announced it would pressure
  the government to expand the instruction of Muslim culture beyond the Muslim republics in the North Caucasus to other regions with large Muslim communities.
  Orthodox In Name
  The Sova Center’s Verkhovsky says there are two reasons the Russian Orthodox Church seems to have priority over other faiths in Russia.
  “Firstly, it’s connected to the traditions of the Russian statehood, which perceives itself, roughly speaking, as the heir to the Principality of Moscow
  and the Russian Empire, and not as an amalgam of the multicultured citizens that make up Russia today,” Verkhovsky says.

  

  Officially church and state are separate in Russia

  “On the other hand, the Orthodox faith is, to some degree anyway, the religion of the majority of our citizens who called themselves Orthodox, even though they don’t entirely know
  what this means. Some don’t even believe in God, but they call themselves Orthodox Christians, and so the church indirectly speaks for them.”
  But Father Yakov Krotov, a religious commentator, is more skeptical. He believes the government and the president give preferentiality to the Orthodox Church over other faiths.
  “Putin has shown he is a believer, an Orthodox Christian, but when it comes to politics, he is a politician. That’s to say that he doesn’t support the Orthodox Church as a whole, he
  supports those Orthodox believers who were brought up by the Kremlin nomenclature over the past 60 years,” Krotov says.
  “He doesn’t even support the Orthodox faith in particular, he supports those aspects that are part of the religious elite. That’s to say he suppresses one group of Muslims, and supports
  another, he suppresses one group of Jews and supports another. It’s an old Soviet trick: selection. It’s a similar thing to what Hitler did.”
  But Father Vyzhanov doesn’t see anything as sinister in Putin’s faith: “As for the fact that the president goes to church at Easter, I think this is his personal matter, too. For example,
  when the president of the United States shows his religiosity, or points out to his church his confession, no one sees any problem in this. The presidents are human beings, too.”
  There has been speculation that Putin’s recent trip to the Vatican, to meet Pope Benedict XVI, might pave the way for an unprecedented meeting between the leaders of the
  Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic faiths — an indication, Vyzhanov says, that Putin welcomes and supports all denominations.
  The president’s press service says it will not disclose Putin’s plans for Easter Sunday, but it is likely he will mark the occasion — as he has for many years — by attending the service at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in central Moscow.

• ____________________________________________________________________________

• The West’s Obscene Demonization of Gaddafi

  Wed, 06/15/2011 – 00:48 — Glen Ford

  • U.S. psychological operations |
  • demonizing Gaddafi |
  • ba radio commentary

  

  A Black Agenda Radio commentary by Glen Ford

  The vilification campaign waged by the West against Moammar Gaddfi is just the latest chapter in a “massive U.S. psychological assault, a vast disinformation operation in which the corporate media act as megaphones for government liars.” In reality, there is no evidence for allegations that Gaddafi ordered his soldiers to rape hundreds of women, but “that does not seem to matter to a corporate media that are bent on glorifying the Benghazi-based rebels.”

•   Autres vidéos en série

Planning crisis in … Par:pluskvamperfekat Jui 19, 2011 – 12:53 vues: 34

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” /><input id=”createdby_12230143″ type=”hidden” name=”createdby” value=”pluskvamperfekat” />

Bonjour tout le monde

Kadhafi, l’enquête corse

Kadhafi est le fils d’un aviateur corse au nom d’Albert Preziosi Left (and inset) Captain Albert Preziosi, aged 27, right Libyan guide to 33 years. [Gadhafi during the summit of the Organization of African Unity on Aug. 4, 1975, in Kampala, Uganda. (AFP – Getty Images)]   According to all evidence received, the resemblance is striking.

The venerable Guide of the Libyan Revolution Muammar Gaddafi, is he of Corsican ancestry? According to a legend (alive on ‘the Island of Beauty’), he is the son of a Corsican bomber, hero of Free France, sent a mission to Libya during the Second World War.  No conclusive evidence, but a body of evidence that’s even very troubling in recent years, concerning mobilized army officers of the Airforce.“You know you’re in the birthplace of the father of Qaddafi?»“The few ” pysans” (as they are called on the continent) of Vezzani, a charming little village of Haute-Corse on the mountainside, are immediately put into the bath.  Not merely a little proud, the people engage willingly in the memories of villagers: that Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, the Libyan head of state, is the son of a Corsican airman by the sweet name of Albert Preziosi. Oh, Albert!  His shadow still hangs over Vezzani.  From the village entrance, a marble plaque affixed to the building of the Post pays tribute to this master, who was born in 1915 and died in 1943 in  Russian skies, flying an aircraft of the squadron from Normandie-Niemen. A few turns later, a war memorial commemorating the heroes “fallen gloriously in a dogfight to the north-east of Karachev”and whose body was never found.  Even in the office of the Town Hall, the photo under glass of the young Albert, wearing his military uniform, occupies more space than the portrait of the omni-Sarkozy …Like his administration, Mayor of Vezzani, Jean-Pierre Pagni, is hardly surprised when talking to him about the “legend” of Gaddafi’s Corsican ancestry. He even says that he “always heard”.  But, like everyone, he never had in his possession “evidence to substantiate or to refute it ….” Pointing to the portrait of the aviator, he can not help remarking: “The resemblance between Muammar Gaddafi, a young officer, and Albert Preziosi is very striking.  This, of course, proves nothing, but it’s a nice story. “  And if the “legend” comes one day to be confirmed, it would do him no problem, “the town is ready to offer land to Mr. Qaddafi, he could pitch a tent or build a house!”

 Recollections of a meeting in Niger

And the villagers Vezzani, notables of the island, too, are passionate about this “legend”. And everyone looks after their own door. For Alessandrini Alexander, general counselor of the township of Vezzani and adviser to the Assembly of Corsica, the political facts would justify the parentage,  as a friend of Gaddafi: Libya supported Corsican nationalists at the beginning of their passionate actions in the 1970s. Without blinking, he asserts that “nationalists have been invited to training camps in the handling of weapons and explosives in Libyan camps.” Evidence, to advise him, that the Colonel had a soft spot for his cousin-revolutionaries.

But times have changed. Gaddafi has now become persona grata on the continent.  Dommage, moreover, that “native son” had not “taken advantage of his official visit to France to stay in Corsica: where he would have received the warmest welcome.” Even a better reception …

The same belief  is in Francis Quilichini,  dashing retired general of information forAjaccio, and the former “colonial” from 1967 to 1977. He then exercised the function of chief of information & security officer with the President of Niger.  And remembers precisely the first official visit of the young Libyan head of state with his counterpart from Niger, Hamani Diori.

“In January 1974, President Diori received Colonel Gaddafi in Zinder (The Nigerian’s Sahara’s last town, before its border with Libya).  I was there.  That evening, President Diori spoke to me &  I shook hands with the fellow!  Then I learn that Gaddafi had a Corsican father. “ At the time, “I have not tried to find out more, and I regret it.But we must recognize that the assumption is not meaningless, given the presence of Albert Preziosi in Libya in the 40s.  And then, the colonial, who spawned the most easily with the natives, was Corsicans …. “

Minimum of Archives

Seen from the Vezzani, the legend of Gaddafi’s Corsican ancestry is so tenacious that it ended up enrolling in the collective imagination of the ‘Island of Beauty’. Yet, apart from oral transmission, it did not leave a paper trail. So far anyway.  Not a biography of Albert Preziosi mentions the birth of a child, the result of a romance with a Jewish-Libyan. Nor, is it the story one demented.

Moreover, little literature exists on the driver.  When contacted, the service history of the Air Force, located in Vincennes (94), which centralizes all documents and serves as a reference for biographers and historians of the war, it is clear that the record “Preziosi” is rather thin: a few biographical elements from the specialized press as well as compilations of files from the army. Even a section of the far-right weekly Minute, released in 1977 under the title “Gaddafi is it the son of a Corsican captain?» ,“Which had caused a stir on the island, is not there. So we exit the archives of the Air Force, for the moment.

Only hope at this stage of the investigation: track by itself the peregrinations of Albert Preziosi in Libya. Objective: To determine whether these dates coincide with the design of Muammar Gaddafi. Officially, the Gaddafi was born June 19, 1942 in Sirte, in a family of Bedouin tribe Senoussi, originally from the Fezzan region, which borders with Nigeria and Chad. Logically, he was conceived between September and October 1941.

Where was the beautiful Albert at this moment? Alas!  The few existing literature on the pilot (pamphlets on the history of the Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, dictionaries Aviation, chapters in history books …) certainly agree on the regular presence of the pilot in Libya but with discrepancies of dates and places.

However, among the many assumptions routes of Preziosi in Lybia, this track stands out: that the pilot has taken the column Leclerc in his conquest of the Fezzan. The French are indeed located in this region since the 1940s, [before administration in 1943 and afterwards, until 1951].  Historical facts abound in this direction.

Indeed, General Leclerc left Africa to cut back Italian and German armies. The first contingent of the column was shipped from England, 30 August 1940, towards the African continent. However, two traveling companions Preziosi – Bellows and Yves Jacques Ezanno – left France in June 1940.  The logic is therefore that, like them, Preziosi be reassembled with the column Leclerc to the north of Chad, he then crossed the south by Libya, to join Egypt and Rayak, where he arrived in late 1941 .

In view of these dates, the pilot actually met a Jewish woman in the Libyan Fezzan region at the time of the conception of Muammar Gaddafi. Preziosi could be one of those airmen, who in time of war, plunged into anonymity, to better ensure the success of their missions.

The Libyan father

Legend of Supreme Leader of the Libyan revolution requires, that Muammar Gaddafi had indeed a Libyan father.  Gadhafi honored Abu Meniar Al Gaddafi, Bedouin goat farmer in the region of Sirte as his true father, up until his death. But mystery and gumdrop, we did not find any trace that Abu Meniar sired Moammar with Aisha, the only mother Muammar knew and was raised by.  It is never clear either if Aisha had a sister that could have died and she and Abu Meniar raised Moammar as their own son. Marital status and childbirth records in Libya, under Italian colonial rule, were very random; and, the vagueness of the Qaddafi family is only bigger.

Evidence of the fluctuating numbers of brothers of Gaddafi: According to some biographers, the Libyan leader was an only son. For others, it would be the last of many siblings.  Finally, after the American journalist John Cooley, who has devoted a well-documented work published in France in 1982, Wind sand on Libya, Muammar has a brother, Sayed Kaddam …

The fellow combatants testify

In this context, the testimony of the few comrades of Albert Preziosi remaining alive, should provide valuable assistance.  They are, after all, the only ones still able to hang up the missing links.

Captain Georges Masurel is just one of the last Free French able to be a witness their epic. A Mechanic gunner, he then became a pilot, where he met, for the first time, Albert Preziosi in Libya in 1942 within the group from Alsace. Then, he accompanied him as a mechanic in the “Neu-Neu”, the group Normandie-Niemen [in the jargon of the ancients].

Validating the theory for the Corsican paternity of  Muammar Gaddafi, he says, “Preziosi was certainly on the team of the Leclerc Column” before joining the end of 1941, the base of Rayak order to train pilots.“The group came from Alsace Moreover, and many men there had “done Africa” and therefore passed through Libya. “  Is it then that Georges Masurel got wind of a link between his companion and a Libyan? “Yes,” says he, but from another fact. An amazing incident, which would have triggered the whole affair …

During the summer of 1942, when French forces struggling against the Italians and Germans at Bir Hakeim north-eastern Libya, Masurel and his fellow squadron learn that the plane piloted by Preziosi, which was to rally at Tobruk, did not arrive. “For us, he was missing for more than a month after he returned to the base. “

Surprise !  Shot down in full flight, the young Albert then told his comrades that he was rescued by a Libyan tribe who helped him recover and cared for him, while hiding from the Germans. “He lived well with them for at least three weeks .  It is from here that some have begun to talk of an affair with a Jewish Libyan woman during his stay in the desert. “

And how was it that he was the main person who had heard these rumors? Georges Masurel modest response: “You know, it was war.  They had other priorities.And Albert did not stay long when retracted.  I lost sightof him for a while because he was very sick, and was referred to hospital in Cairo.... He was then found by the Normandie-Niemen in late 1942. “

A mixture of calendars

If based on the official date of birth of Muammar Qaddafi –  07 June 1942 – Albert Preziosi’s stay in a Libyan tribe would have effectively allowed the proud father to attend the birth of his son (and not just the conception), unless the official biographer of “The Guide” untangles the brushes between the Georgian calendar and the Islamic calendar …

And to make things worse, in November 1978 to mark the Muslim New Year, Gaddafi led a revolution calendar. He decreed that the Muslim calendar was not to begin in 622 AD (the date of the Prophet’s emigration to Medina as is the reference calendar in the Muslim world) but in 632, his death … This, According to scholars (and risky) calculations, could mean that little Gaddafi was born later. Even in 1943, nine months after Preziosi has lived in a Libyan tribe.

There is much speculation about why the old fellow squadron of bel Albert did not linger. And for good reason! At the hearing, the entire squadron knew and shared the secret.

When Major Pierre Lorillon joined Normandy-Niemen in late 1943, Albert Preziosi had already died as a hero five months earlier. He vividly remembers when he had discussions with other pilots in the group.  For him, the descent Preziosi / Gaddafi is no doubt. “We all knew that Albert had a girlfriend” big tent “Libyan, that is to say, a noble daughter of the haute bourgeoisie.  But it is a story that is not familiar.We just knew he had a child and this woman’s uncle took him in hand, and sent to study abroad to calm the spirits and protect the reputation of the tribe. He has always avoided talking about it.That Europeans make a kid of a Libyan, this could cause problems, including Albert.  This kind of thing was anyway not well regarded by the English. “… A real good reason that, once established as a pretext, has allowed the Great Silence not to be opened ….

 Descendants very cautious

We did not know what his family thought of the Preziosi certainties of his former fellow pilot prodigy.  A difficult task when you consider that most Preziosi embraced a military career or bathed in the medium. Born to a policeman father, a native of Fontana Castagniccia who married a girl from Paoli Nocario just a few turns away, Albert had a brother, four years his senior. John had chosen the same path as his father, and attained the rank of General of police.  His widow was [in July 28, 1997] at the first ceremony commemorating the death, fifty-four years earlier, Albert.

These commemorations were held in the Corsican village of Vezzani, on the initiative of the commander of Air Base 126 of Solenzara Ventiseri-bearing just the name of Captain Albert Preziosi. Members of the local chapter of the National Association of Reserve Officers of the Air Force (ANORAA) were particularly active in preparing the event. Especially one of them, a certain Francis … Preziosi.

Contact made, Francis is the son of a cousin of Albert. Reserve officer, he helped gather biographical information about his great-uncle to his association, identifying the documents available and open. “I have always know this story of descent with Gaddafi and tried to find out more»he admits. “I even asked an acquaintance to interrogate one of his old friends of 50 years who was then based in Fezzan for Indigenous Affairs “. Even for him, the answer fell without appeal: “professional confidentiality”.  As if a veil of secrecy should continue to surround this case. François Preziosi remembers this scene, however, in the 70’s, Albert’s mother, mailed at the small screen, exclaiming: “But it’s Albert!” The video showed images of the young Libyan leader.

An industrialist and a senior officer of a Kind

“It was this physical resemblance between the two men who created this whole story,” relativizes Jacques-Antoine Preziosi, a nephew of Albert, a lawyer in Marseille. “There is no evidence whatsoever to prove this relationship.We have no document that speaks of it, and Albert left no mail.  So for us, the direct descendants, it is a nonevent. “

BUT neither has he tried to get in touch with Muammar Gaddafi and his entourage? “We never asked for anything, it’s very immodest.  And very moved.  You see yourself; go talk to Gaddafi?Touch to the image of his mother? If I were her, I would take it very badly. And then there is something as risking imprisonment . “

Yet Jacques-Antoine recognizes that many people have contacted him, asking if his uncle was the father of Colonel Gaddafi.  Among them, a few years ago, representatives of a manufacturer which he will not name. Jacques-Antoine then saw all red, “he thought of how his industry could use this story to win contracts?»“

These men were clearly not the only “big guns” to inquire about the father of Muammar.  In 1999, a senior Frenchmen, questioned in writing, the Chief Historian of the Air Force, General Silvestre de Sacy, whether the track was a good corse. The Service has buried the application for Inquiry. [Reason given: during the Libyan campaign, the French officers had no contact with the natives, let alone with women. BUT, the survivors of the Normandy-Niemen show otherwise.]

The topic of Corsican ancestry for Gaddafi is not closed: Far from it; but, since evidence by a DNA test would be untouchable, [as one must  draw blood from the Colonel] it seems impossible …

The Ichir

L’ORIGINALé:

Kadhafi est le fils d’un aviateur corse au nom d’Albert Preziosi

Posted by admin on oct 11th, 2009 and filed under FEATURED, MONDE. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback to this entry

Kadhafi, l’enquête corse

 

À gauche (et en médaillon) le capitaine Albert Preziosi, âgé de 27 ans, à droite le guide Libyen à 33 ans. Selon l’ensemble des témoignages receuillis, la ressemblance est frappante.

Le vénérable Guide de la révolution libyenne, Mouammar Kadhafi, a-t-il une filiation corse ? Selon une légende vivace dans l’Ile de Beauté, il serait le fils d’un aviateur corse, héros de la France Libre, envoyé en mission en Libye pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. Pas de preuve irréfutable mais un faisceau d’indices très troublants qui ont même mobilisé ces dernières années des officiers de l’armée de l’Air.

« Vous savez que vous êtes dans le village natal du père de Kadhafi ? » Les rares « pinsouts » du continent faisant escale à Vezzani, charmante petite bourgade de Haute-Corse à flanc de montagne, sont d’emblée mis dans le bain. Pas peu fiers, les habitants se livrent volontiers : de mémoire de villageois, le colonel Mouammar Kadhafi, chef de l’État libyen, est le fils d’un aviateur corse répondant au doux nom d’Albert Preziosi.

Ah, Albert ! Son ombre plane encore sur Vezzani. Dès l’entrée du village, une plaque de marbre apposée sur le bâtiment de la Poste rend hommage à ce capitaine né en 1915 et mort en 1943 dans le ciel de Russie, aux commandes d’un appareil de l’escadrille Normandie-Niemen. Quelques virages plus loin, un monument aux morts commémore ce héros « tombé glorieusement au cours d’un combat aérien au nord-est de Karachev » et dont le corps n’a jamais été retrouvé. Même dans le bureau de la Mairie, la photo sous verre du jeune Albert en tenue militaire occupe plus de place que le portrait de l’omniprésident Sarkozy…

À l’instar de ses administrés, le maire de Vezzani, Jean-Pierre Pagni, n’est guère surpris lorsqu’on évoque devant lui la « légende » d’une filiation corse de Kadhafi. Il en a même « toujours entendu parler ». Mais, comme tous, il n’a jamais eu en sa possession « d’éléments permettant de l’étayer ou… de la contredire ». Montrant du doigt le portrait de l’aviateur, il ne peut s’empêcher de remarquer : « la ressemblance entre Mouammar Kadhafi, jeune officier, et Albert Preziosi est très frappante. Vous ne trouvez pas ? Cela, évidemment, ne prouve rien, mais c’est une belle histoire ». Et si la « légende » venait un jour à être confirmée, cela ne lui poserait aucun problème : « la commune est toute disposée à offrir un terrain à M. Kadhafi, où il pourrait planter sa tente, ou construire une maison » !

Souvenirs d’une rencontre au Niger

Comme les villageois de Vezzani, les notables de l’Ile, eux aussi, se passionnent pour cette « légende ». Et chacun voit midi à sa porte. Pour Alexandre Alessandrini, conseiller général du canton de Vezzani et conseiller à l’Assemblée de Corse, des faits politiques pourraient légitimer la filiation de l’ami Kadhafi : le soutien libyen aux nationalistes corses, au début de leurs actions violentes dans les années 70. Sans ciller, il affirme que « des nationalistes ont été invités à des stages d’entraînement au maniement d’armes et d’explosifs dans des camps libyens ». Preuve, pour le conseiller, que le Colonel aurait un petit faible pour ses cousins révolutionnaires.

Mais les temps ont changé. Kadhafi est aujourd’hui devenu persona grata sur le continent. Dommage, d’ailleurs, que « l’enfant du pays » n’ait pas « profité de sa visite officielle en France pour séjourner en Corse : il y aurait reçu le meilleur accueil ». Voire un meilleur accueil…

Mêmes convictions chez François Quilichini, retraité fringant des Renseignements Généraux à Ajaccio et ancien de la « coloniale » de 1967 à 1977. Il exerçait alors la fonction de chef du bureau renseignement-sécurité auprès du président du Niger. Et se souvient avec précision de la première visite officielle du jeune chef d’Etat libyen auprès de son homologue nigérien, Hamani Diori.

« En janvier 1974, le président Diori a reçu le colonel Kadhafi à Zinder (dernière ville saharienne du Niger avant la frontière libyenne). J’étais présent. Le soir, le président Diori m’a confié que j’avais serré la main d’un compatriote ! J’apprends alors que Kadhafi avait un père corse ». Sur le moment, « je n’ai pas cherché à en savoir plus, et je le regrette. Mais il faut bien reconnaître que l’hypothèse n’est pas dénuée de sens, au vu de la présence d’Albert Preziosi en Libye dans les années 40. Et puis, dans la coloniale, ceux qui frayaient le plus facilement avec les autochtones, c’étaient les Corses… ».

Des archives a minima

Vu de Vezzani, la légende d’une filiation corse de Kadhafi est si tenace qu’elle a fini par s’inscrire dans l’imaginaire collectif de l’Ile de Beauté. Pourtant, hormis une transmission orale, elle n’a pas laissé de traces écrites. A ce jour en tout cas. Pas une biographie d’Albert Preziosi ne mentionne la naissance d’un enfant, fruit d’une romance avec une Libyenne. Ou ne le dément.

Du reste, peu de documentation existe sur le pilote. Lorsqu’on contacte le service historique de l’Armée de l’air, situé à Vincennes (94), qui centralise l’ensemble des documents et sert de référence aux biographes et aux historiens de la guerre, force est de constater que le dossier « Preziosi » est plutôt mince : quelques éléments biographiques tirés de la presse spécialisée ainsi que des compilations de dossiers de l’armée. Même un article de l’hebdomadaire d’extrême-droite Minute, publié en 1977 sous le titre « Kadhafi serait-il le fils d’un capitaine corse ? », qui avait fait grand bruit dans l’Ile, n’y figure pas. Exit donc les archives de l’Armée de l’air, pour l’instant.

Seul espoir à ce stade de l’enquête : retracer par soi-même les pérégrinations d’Albert Preziosi en Libye. Objectif : vérifier si ces dates coïncident avec celle de la conception de Mouammar Kadhafi. Officiellement, le Guide est né le 19 juin 1942 à Syrte, dans une famille de bédouins de la tribu Senoussi, originaire de la région du Fezzan, à la frontière avec le Niger et le Tchad. Logiquement, il a donc été conçu entre septembre et octobre 1941.

Où se trouvait donc le bel Albert à ce moment précis ? Las ! Les quelques écrits existants sur le pilote (brochures sur l’histoire de l’escadrille Normandie-Niemen, dictionnaires de l’aviation, chapitres de manuels d’Histoire…) s’accordent certes sur la présence régulière du pilote en Libye mais avec des divergences de dates et de lieux.

Pour autant, parmi les nombreuses hypothèses d’itinéraires libyens de Preziosi, une piste sort du lot : que le pilote ait suivi la colonne Leclerc dans sa conquête du Fezzan. Les Français se sont en effet implantés dans cette région dans les années 1940, avant de l’administrer à partir de 1943 et ce, jusqu’en 1951. Les faits historiques abondent dans ce sens.

En effet, le Général Leclerc est parti d’Afrique pour couper les arrières des armées italiennes et allemandes. Le premier contingent de la colonne a embarqué, depuis l’Angleterre, le 30 août 1940, en direction du continent africain. Or, deux compagnons de route de Preziosi – Jacques Soufflet et Yves Ezanno – sont partis de France en juin 1940. La logique voudrait donc que, comme eux, Preziosi soit ensuite remonté avec la colonne Leclerc par le nord du Tchad, qu’il ait ensuite traversé la Libye par le sud, pour rejoindre l’ Égypte puis Rayak, où il arrive à la fin 1941.

Au vu de ces dates, le pilote a effectivement pu rencontrer une femme libyenne dans la région du Fezzan au moment de la procréation de Mouammar Kadhafi. Preziosi pourrait donc être l’un de ces aviateurs qui, en temps de guerre, plongent dans l’anonymat pour mieux assurer le succès de leurs missions.

Le père Libyen

Légende du Guide suprême de la révolution libyenne oblige, Mouammar Kadhafi a (aussi) un père libyen. Officiel celui-là. Ses différentes biographies mentionnent un certain Abou Meniar Al Kadhafi, bédouin éleveur de chèvres de la région de Syrte. Mais, mystère et boule de gomme, on ne retrouve pas de traces ni de la date de naissance d’Abou Meniar, ni de celle de son mariage avec Aïcha, la mère de Mouammar. Il n’est jamais précisé non plus si Aïcha a été la seule et unique épouse d’Abou Meniar. L’état civil dans la Libye sous colonisation italienne étant fort aléatoire, le flou entourant la famille Khadhafi n’en est que plus grand.

En témoigne le nombre, fluctuant, des frères de Kadhafi. Selon certains biographes, le leader libyen serait fils unique. Pour d’autres, il serait le dernier d’une nombreuse fratrie. Enfin, d’après le journaliste américain John Cooley, qui lui a consacré un ouvrage très documenté paru en France en 1982, Vent de sable sur la Libye, Mouammar aurait un frère, Sayed Kaddam…

Les compagnons de combat témoignent

Dans ce contexte, les témoignages des rares compagnons de combat d’Albert Preziosi encore en vie devraient apporter une aide précieuse. Ils sont après tout les seuls encore à même de raccrocher les chaînons manquants.

Le capitaine Georges Masurel est justement l’un des derniers Français Libres à pouvoir témoigner de leur épopée. Mécanicien devenu mitrailleur puis pilote, il a rencontré pour la première fois Albert Preziosi en Libye en 1942 au sein du groupe Alsace. Puis il l’a accompagné comme mécanicien au sein du « Neu-Neu », le groupe Normandie-Niemen dans le jargon des anciens.

Validant la thèse du paternel corse de Mouammar Kadhafi, il affirme que « Preziosi était certainement avec l’équipe de la colonne Leclerc » avant de rejoindre, fin 1941, la base de Rayak pour y assurer la formation des pilotes. « Le groupe Alsace provenait d’ailleurs pour beaucoup des hommes qui avaient “fait l’Afrique” et qui sont donc passés par la Libye ». Georges Masurel aurait-il donc eu vent d’une liaison entre son compagnon de route et une Libyenne ? « Oui », confirme-t-il mais à partir d’un autre fait. Un incident étonnant, qui aurait déclenché toute l’affaire…

Pendant l’été 1942, alors que les forces françaises bataillent contre les Italiens et les Allemands à Bir Hakeim, au nord-est de la Libye, Masurel et ses camarades d’escadrille apprennent que l’avion piloté par Preziosi, qui doit rallier Tobrouk, n’est pas arrivé à destination. « Pour nous, il était porté disparu. Et plus d’un mois après, il est revenu à la base ».

Surprise ! Abattu en plein vol, le jeune Albert raconte alors à ses camarades qu’il a été recueilli par une tribu libyenne qui l’a récupéré et soigné, tout en le cachant des Allemands. « Il a vécu ainsi avec eux pendant au moins trois semaines. C’est à partir de là que certains ont commencé à parler d’une liaison avec une Libyenne pendant son séjour dans le désert ».

Et qu’en disait le principal intéressé qui avait eu vent de ces rumeurs ? Réponse pudique de Georges Masurel : « vous savez, c’était la guerre. On avait d’autres priorités. Et puis Albert n’est pas resté longtemps une fois rentré. Je l’ai perdu de vue pendant un bon moment car il était très malade et a été renvoyé à l’hôpital au Caire. On s’est retrouvé ensuite pour le Normandie-Niemen à la fin 1942 ».

Un mélange de calendriers

Si on se base sur la date de naissance officielle de Mouammar Kadhafi – juin 1942 – le séjour d’Albert Preziosi au sein d’une tribu libyenne aurait en fait permis à l’heureux papa d’assister à la naissance de son fiston. Et non de le concevoir. A moins que les biographes officiels du Guide ne se soient emmêlés les pinceaux entre le calendrier georgien et le calendrier musulman…

Et, pour corser le tout, en novembre 1978, à l’occasion du Nouvel an musulman, Kadhafi a mené une révolution calendaire. Il a décrété que le calendrier musulman ne devait plus débuter en 622 de l’ère chrétienne (date de l’émigration du Prophète vers Médine et qui sert de référence calendaire dans le monde musulman) mais en 632, à sa mort… Ce qui, après de savants (et hasardeux) calculs, pourrait signifier que le petit Kadhafi serait né plus tard. Voire en 1943, neuf mois après que Preziosi ait vécu dans une tribu libyenne.

Autant de conjectures sur lesquelles les anciens compagnons d’escadrille du bel Albert ne s’attardent guère. Et pour cause ! À les entendre, toute l’escadrille était au courant et partageait LE secret.

Lorsque le commandant Pierre Lorillon rejoint Normandie-Niemen à la fin 1943, Albert Preziosi avait déjà trouvé la mort en héros cinq mois plus tôt. Il se souvient très bien des discussions qu’il avait alors avec les autres pilotes du groupe. Pour lui, la filiation Preziosi/Kadhafi ne fait aucun doute. « On savait tous qu’Albert avait eu une copine “grande tente” libyenne, c’est-à-dire une fille noble de la haute bourgeoisie. Mais c’est une histoire qu’on ne connaît pas bien. On savait juste qu’il lui avait fait un enfant et que l’oncle de cette femme l’avait pris en main, et envoyé étudier à l’étranger pour calmer les esprits et préserver la réputation de la tribu. On a toujours évité d’en parler. Qu’un Européen fasse un gosse à une Libyenne, cela pouvait causer des problèmes, y compris à Albert. Ce genre de chose n’était du reste pas bien vu par les Anglais ». Une vraie bonne raison qui, une fois érigée en prétexte, a permis à la Grande Muette de ne pas l’ouvrir…

Des descendants très prudents

Restait à savoir ce que pensait la famille Preziosi des certitudes des anciens compagnons de son pilote prodige. Une tâche difficile quand on sait que la plupart des Preziosi ont embrassé une carrière militaire ou baigné dans le milieu. Né d’un père gendarme, originaire de Fontana en Castagniccia et marié à une fille Paoli, de Nocario, à quelques virages de là, Albert avait un frère, de quatre ans son aîné. Jean a choisi la même voie que son père et a accédé au rang de Général de gendarmerie. Sa veuve le représentait le 28 juillet 1997 à la première cérémonie commémorative de la disparition, cinquante-quatre ans plus tôt, d’Albert.

Ces commémorations se sont déroulées au village corse de Vezzani, sur initiative du commandant de la base aérienne 126 de Ventiseri-Solenzara qui porte justement le nom du capitaine Albert Preziosi. Les membres de la section régionale de l’Association nationale des officiers de réserve de l’armée de l’air (ANORAA) s’étaient particulièrement mobilisés pour préparer l’événement. Surtout l’un d’entre eux, un certain François… Preziosi.

Contact pris, François est fils d’un cousin d’Albert. Officier réserviste, il a contribué à rassembler des éléments biographiques sur son grand-oncle pour son association, en recensant les documents disponibles et ouverts. « Je connais depuis toujours cette histoire de filiation avec Kadhafi et j’ai essayé d’en savoir plus » reconnaît-il. « J’ai même demandé à une connaissance d’interroger un de ses vieux copains de 50 ans qui était à l’époque en fonction dans le Fezzan pour les “affaires indigènes” ». Même pour lui, la réponse est tombée, sans appel : « secret professionnel ». Comme si un voile opaque devait continuer d’envelopper cette affaire. François Preziosi se souvient pourtant de cette scène où, dans les années 70, la mère d’Albert postée devant le petit écran, s’est écriée : « Mais, c’est Albert ! » Le reportage montrait des images du jeune leader libyen.

Un industriel et un officier supérieur s’en mêlent

« C’est cette ressemblance physique entre les deux hommes qui a créée toute cette histoire », relativise Jacques-Antoine Preziosi, un des neveux d’Albert, avocat à Marseille. « Il n’existe aucun élément d’aucune sorte pour attester ce lien de parenté. Nous n’avons aucun document qui en parle et Albert n’a laissé aucun courrier. Donc, pour nous, les descendants directs, c’est un non-événement ».

Soit, mais a-t-il essayé d’entrer en contact avec Mouammar Kadhafi ou son entourage ? « Nous n’avons jamais demandé quoi que ce soit, c’est très impudique. Et très déplacé. Vous vous voyez aller en parler à Kadhafi ? Toucher ainsi à l’image de sa mère ? Si j’étais lui, je le prendrais extrêmement mal. Et puis il y a de quoi risquer de se faire embastiller ».

Pourtant Jacques-Antoine reconnaît que de nombreuses personnes l’ont contacté pour lui demander si son oncle était le père du colonel Kadhafi. Parmi elles, il y a quelques années, les représentants d’un industriel dont il taira le nom. Jacques-Antoine a alors vu tout rouge : «  il croyait quoi cet industriel ? Qu’il pouvait utiliser cette histoire pour décrocher des contrats ? »

Ces hommes n’étaient visiblement pas les seuls « gros calibres » à s’enquérir du paternel de Mouammar. En 1999, un officier supérieur français interrogeait par écrit le chef du service historique de l’Armée de l’air, le Général Silvestre de Sacy, pour savoir si la piste corse était la bonne. Lequel service a enterré la demande (voir l’encadré en cliquant ici). Motif invoqué : pendant la campagne de Libye, les officiers français n’avaient pas de contacts avec les autochtones et encore moins avec les femmes. Les survivants de Normandie-Niemen témoignent du contraire.

Le sujet de la filiation corse de Kadhafi n’est donc pas clos. Loin de là, même si la seule preuve intangible serait un test ADN. Et de là à effectuer un prélèvement sur le Colonel…

L Ichir

Kadhafi’s mother was a Jewess; but his father was Colonel Albert Preziosi, a Corsican airpilot

Col. Moammar Gadhafi is seen in Tripoli on Sept. 27, 1969, after leading a military coup that toppled King Idris.
Gadhafi took power in a bloodless military coup in 1969 when he toppled King Idriss, and in the 1970s he formulated his “Third Universal Theory,” a middle road between communism and capitalism.

Gadhafi oversaw the rapid development of his poverty-stricken country, previously known for little more than oil wells and deserts where huge tank battles took place in World War Two.

One of his first tasks was to build up the armed forces, but he also spent billions of dollars of oil income on improving living standards, making him popular with the low-paid.

Gadhafi has poured money into giant projects such as a steel plant in the town of Misrata and the Great Man-Made River, a scheme to pipe water from desert wells to coastal communities.

He has dissidents, who include Islamists, and uses what he terms “purification committees” of army and police officers, joined by loyal students, tohelp keep control.

But he is also respected by most Libyans. He is a figure of real charisma, with an earthy popular touch; and has exploited the medium television unlike other Arab leaders.

Visionary and mystic, Gadhafi’s quirky style is unique.

His love of grand gestures is most on display on foreign visits when he sleeps in a Bedouin tent guarded by dozens of female bodyguards.

Libyan women bodyguards provide security for VIPs during a military parade in Green Square on Sept. 1, 2003, to mark the 34th anniversary of Gadhafi’s acension to power. (Mike Nelson / EPA)

During a visit to Italy in August last year, Gadhafi’s invitation to hundreds of young women to convert to Islam overshadowed the two-day trip, which was intended to cement the growing ties between Tripoli and Rome.

The New York Times described Gadhafi’s insistence on staying on the first floor when he visited New York for a 2009 for a meeting at the United Nations. He refuses to climb more than 35 steps.

Message from Mu’ammar Qadhafi to the World Posted: 2011/04/21 From: Mathaba http://www.mathaba.net/news/?x=626501 showInitialOdiogoReadNowFrame (_odiogo_feed_id, ‘626501’, 290, 0);

Sorry it is late, with a sincere apology from me Adam King For those who don’t know me well, I’m sorry. I’ll try to be brief. I was a great friend and close to Mu’ammar for many years, since around 1982 and was last with him in September 2000.Since then, I have had no direct contact, although I have visited and was appointed by him as a director of the World Centre for the Studies and Researches on The Green Book and the Third Universal Theory, a few years later.However, for reasons I am only now starting to understand, I was cut off from him by persons which won’t be named here but who are already entering the dustbin of history. I was not the only one cut off from the Leader.It turns out that in the 1990’s we were asked our opinion about Libya establishing good relations with Britain and the USA and whether they could be trusted. We were asked individually one by one in private. I was one of those who said that no, they could not be trusted.As a result of this, and also other developments which later isolated the Leader and placed him “in prison”, we were cut off, and I for example, did not ever receive any salaries in my new position, nor any further invitations, and all communications were blocked.That is, until almost 2 years ago, when I received a message from Mu’ammar via an intermediary, who is also a non-Libyan. The old man, who I had not known before, in the time I got to know him I found him to be extremely honest, principled and gentle. His name is Haneef.Haneef, he has other nicknames, told me that Mu’ammar said to him to tell the world, that he is being held prisoner. He said this to Haneef to his ear in a low voice while hugging him. Mu’ammar also shed a tear which dropped onto Haneef’s shoulder, he felt the wet.I wanted to believe Haneef. But I could not truly understand how it could be that this Great Man could be held a prisoner. We discussed at great length for many days. I remember that what he said was along the lines of “I can’t talk freely, they are always keeping me prisoner, tell the world I have not changed, I am still a revolutionary”…. Now the confession and apology I have to make is this. I wanted to believe Haneef as all I could see and know about this suffering man and his history spoke of genuine commitment to his people, so why would he pass that message to me and lie about it? There was no benefit to him. Haneef was not looking for anything from me, and indeed I did not have much to give him other than a potential voice via Mathaba. So I offered Haneef to write and I would publish it. For whatever reasons, communications were lost, I faced many personal problems and became side tracked. So I apologize now to Haneef for not doing something about it sooner. I just could not understand nor believe that Mu’ammar could be held a prisoner. And it is only in the past weeks that I have come to understand. I also want to apologize to Mu’ammar. I carried your picture with me everywhere I went for more than 10 years. I was your loyal Truth soldier. I was abducted and tortured because of it, because there are those who fear the Pen, which is much more mighty than the sword. I did try. I tried so many times to establish communications and try to find the truth. I had Saif’s mobile phone number and also another personal close friend of Mu’ammar’s. But I was shy to call, thinking they would not listen, and what exactly should I say, calling randomly on a phone to someone I don’t know. I have met Saif’s staff, and all the experiences were negative: they were hopeless, admitted they had lost files, not passed on communications, and begged me not to tell him. Worse, a top advisor of President Museveni of Uganda conspired using my naivety and trust, with one of Saif staff, and ran off with $2 million. That for me was the last straw, I did never meet Saif, but judging from those of his security and office staff that I met, and the little I had heard from him, I admit I did not trust him, on the contrary to his Father Mu’ammar and Bro. Abdussalam Ahmed Jalloud. After this I made no further attempts, until one day a few months ago, near the start of the problems, I did try to call Sayf’s mobile but did not get through. I didn’t try again. I have not had any communications with Libya now for several years. And I had honestly resolved to have nothing to do with Qadhafi again. But things have changed now in the past few weeks due to a big realization, and many parts of the jigsaw that I could not understand, now falling into place. And the biggest realization is the understanding that it really was true, Mu’ammar was being held prisoner. I offer my sincere personal apology to Mu’ammar for ever having doubted him, even slightly. In my defense, I ask that it be considered, that I did not buckle even under torture in Sudan, and by the British, and even by the psychological terrorism carried out against me in 2001-2 by the Pentagon because of my creating mathaba.net and the Green Charter International, both of which they closed down but I refused to cower. I only started to have doubts because I had been cut off, and thought it not possible for that to happen without Mu’ammar’s blessing. I now know better. Allow me to explain. There are different types of prison. I myself have been in prisons of different types. There is the highest category where you are locked up 24/7 and in isolation. There are lower categories where you are locked up and physically confined but may have communications. But there is an “open prison” where you can be locked up: imagine if you have got the best ideas in the world to solve some problems, or a wonderful invention or business idea, but you are a pauper. No one will listen and you cannot find any way to start, that is one prison. Imagine if you are Mu’ammar. Since you were a youngster you feared none but Allah. Then, as you mellowed, people took advantage of your naivety and honesty. They surrounded you and made you rely on them. They tricked you and withheld information from you. They failed to pass on your instructions. They encircled your children, certainly your six boys, and offered them the idea, that you bought into, to let them try to integrate with the high-life “western” society, rub shoulders with the global elite, get to know them, earn their trust, and make peace for the good of the world. But, as condition for all of this you are told, for your own benefit, and the entire nation, we need you to keep quiet, stop talking about revolution for a few years, tone it down, let your sons gain confidence and ability, give them authority, and so and so authority, all will be arranged, and at the end you will be the one to give the final yes or no and then shake hands with Rice and Blair. I met the key person who set up that meeting with Mike O’Brian, Blair’s Foreign Minister, which was the final stage before the British decided if they could trust Mu’ammar not to at the last second when Blair would arrive in Libya, scupper the entire thing and expose the British for who they were. And that key person, is that same Ugandan, who is perhaps the wealthiest man in Africa, and who stole $2 million from Saif! Now I can also understand, why it is, that the Libyan delegation at the U.N. where Mu’ammar travelled for the first time, with immense courage, right into the lion’s den, in September 2009, why they were so unhappy with Mu’ammar’s speech. Ali Abdussalam Treiki even buried his head in his hands. The reason is, that Mu’ammar could not resist speaking Truth to Power. This, and the other rare occasions where he refused to be silenced or took the opportunity to speak a little of his mind, worried not only those who had imprisoned him within Libya “for his own good” no doubt, but the globalist elite that occupy the U.S., Britain, France and Italy, the E.U. and many other countries of the “new world order.” Now however, I saw Mu’ammar, even though just via video. At first he seemed very shaken and shocked in the first days when the reality of the treachery against him had hit him. His son Saif too, spent clearly many sleepless nights. But to Saif’s credit, he has rallied to his father, as he too was betrayed. But now Mu’ammar is finally free from the “prison chains” that were restricting him, and he is clearly much happier to be free. So this brings me back to the point of Mu’ammar’s Message to the World. He had hoped that we would relay it. Due to extreme hardship that had been caused by those mentioned above who stole all budgets and salaries, and keeping this independent truth media running where everyone else would give up and close down to the stress and difficulties of working without income, sleep, rest, or any semblance of normal life. Due to this, we missed it. Mind you, if we’d said it, maybe no one would have believed us. But now is now. Now, the communications are being re-established. We defended Mu’ammar’s web site his long-term repository of his voice http://www.algathafi.org when it was shut down by the Americans, until it re-opened in Russia. We re-opened our Libya News coverage even with a zero budget and more sacrifice. But we have done so willingly as it is our duty, and we are pleased to see Mu’ammar is still with us, did not change, and is now rid of the evil and corrupt people who surrounded him. There are still difficulties, but with your help we will overcome them. Mu’ammar wants us to share the Truth, nothing more and nothing less. To truthfully relay his words to the world. Not like Jazeera and the BBC. Like Mathaba. Mathaba was his creation of concept, which I brought to the Internet. He wants us to use it as a vehicle to spread the Word of Truth. The Green Book, The Green Charter, The White Book, his speeches, and the voices of those Truth soldiers around the world: writers, analysts, and researchers. He wants us to read his entire U.N. speech, and other speeches at his personal web site algathafi.org. He wants us to network and form Mathabas around the world, to allow people to “Meet And Talk Helping All Become Aware”, to discuss the Third Universal Theory as a solution he is offering us, to share ideas, and above all to think globally and act locally, both on the Internet via Mathaba.Net and offline in the community. Please join him and us in this important work. For example, have you noticed that in spite of all the many decades of (false) accusations against Mu’ammar regarding terrorism, too many to mention here, now that Libya is truly under attack and any other nation would demand a Holy Jihad to fight the Crusaders wherever you find them, attack France, Britain, USA and their interests, that not one single word of violence has been spoken? Have you noticed that despite the allegations of massacres in Libya and even the “right” of a democratic government to restore law and order for the safety and security of her citizens, Benghazi was left alone from the start, rather than endanger a single human life? That Mu’ammar can still ride around city centres without any real armed security unlike those who are attacking him? The more you will learn each day about Mu’ammar and Libya, the more you will realise that now is the time that all good (wo)men of the world must speak out and act, for all that is necessary for evil to triumph, is for good (wo)men to do nothing. Join us at www.greencharter.com and make use of www.mathaba.net/home

‘Voluptuous blonde’ nurse
Gadhafi is also said to have had heavily relied on his staff of four Ukrainian nurses to groom and care for him; but he sent them back to the Ukraine when the uprising began.

Muammar Gaddafi’s nurse flees Libya for Ukraine

Galyna Kolotnytska, a Gaddafi confidante, arrived in Kiev on a Ukrainian defence ministry aircraft that evacuated 185 people. 

Miriam Elder in Moscow

• guardian.co.uk, Sunday 27 February 2011 19.06 GMT
• Article history

Kolotnytska was described as a ‘close confidante’ in US embassy cables. Photograph: AP

Muammar Gaddafi‘s “voluptuous” nurse and close confidante has fled Libya for her native Ukraine.  Galyna Kolotnytska arrived in Kiev early on Sunday morning on a Ukrainian defence ministry aircraft that evacuated 185 people from the country, Ukraine’s Segodnya newspaper reported. Kolotnytska, 38, was described in US diplomatic cables released by WikiLeaks in December as a “voluptuous blonde”, one of Gaddafi’s closest confidantes. “Libyan protocol staff emphasised to multiple Emboffs [embassy officials] that Gaddafi cannot travel without Kolotnytska, as she alone ‘knows his routine’,” read the 2009 cable from Gene Cretz, the US ambassador to Libya. … Kolotnytska was calm before leaving Tripoli according to her daughter Tatyana, who told Segodnya: “She spoke in a calm voice, and asked that we don’t worry, that she would be home soon.” Segodnya released a photograph of the nurse, showing a smiling rosy-cheeked woman, her shoulder-length blonde hair held back by sunglasses. The daughter said her mother had spent nine years in Libya as one of several Ukrainian nurses serving Gaddafi. “For some reason, he doesn’t trust Libyan women with that,” she said.

Gadhafi has a fear of staying on upper floors, and dislikes flying over water. 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

His children:   

as youngsters: 

• The Patriarch, Moammar al-Gadhafi   and his wife Safyia     

  From the shadows into the Fame

  Safia Farkash, Muammar GaddafiMuammar Gaddafi‘s wife, was born in” El Beda city” in the east of Libya from the tribe of Albrasp. She was a nurse when Gaddafi saw her for the first time, when he entered the hospital with an emergency Appendectomy in 1971. Gaddafi married her the same year.

  At the beginning of their married life, Safia Farkash appeared in the media only rarely, but later she began different activities.

• The first Libyan woman gave birth to one girl and seven boys to Moammar Gadhafi.

  The journalist Barbara Walters, said in her memoir, that she was the reason why Moammar Gadhafi quit the atomic programs in 2003. After the death of Barbara Walters’ son, Walters saw Moammar Gadhafi. She writes:  “When I asked him to do something to protect their children so as not to face the same fate,”  Gadhafi immediately compliedand gave-up all atomic plans completely.

  The Libyan first Lady practices lots of.activities in  recent days. She appeared in the celebrations of the Libyan revolution with wives of other heads of State, and attended the graduation ceremony for the girls of the Libyan Revolution at the Police College, in 2010.
  In mid-2008 and on the sidelines of the meeting of leaders of the African Union, which took place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, Safia Farkash was elected Vice-President of the Organization of African women.
  Safia Farkash was also seems to have had a private airlines company “Air Buraq”, compete with the company’s national airline, “Libyan Arab Airlines,” at the  Mitiga airport.

•                                                                                                                                                                               their CLAN:

• Hannibal Khadafi:   young Hannibal and his wife: Gadhafi’s eldest son Mahmoud Oussama Gadhafi:    daughter Aicha;  Saadi al Gadhafi:  ;     Saif al-Arab:   (NOW DECEASED 30 APRIL 2010 by NATO);Moustassim al-Gadhafi:   ; and Khamis Gadhafi:    . And then there is

  SAIF, who  is endangered to lose his PhD:  
• The Political Theory of Saif al-Islam Gaddafi  by Kieran Healy on 22 February 2011
• THE fire that is burning in Libya will singe some surprising institutions in the West, from the Monitor Group, which provided the regime with consultancy, to the London School of Economics, which accepted a pledge of £1.5m from the Gaddafi International Charity and Development Foundation and which awarded Qaddafi’s son, Saif al-Islam Qaddafi, who controls the foundation, a PhD in political theory in 2008.

  • Saif al-Islam al-Gadhafi’s PhD thesis, was titled “The Role of Civil Society in the Democratisation of Global Governance Institutions” looks as if it is a classic of the genre.

    Here is his summary of his argument, which he advances with lots of references to John Rawls and other liberal worthies:

• • Via Shehzad Nadeem at OrgTheory comes this report on Muammar el-Gaddafi’s son, Saif al-Islam al-Gadhafi, and the Ph.D in Political Theory which Saif wrote at the LSE in 2008.

  • Shehzad Nadeem, as it happens also accepted a pledge of £1.5m from the Gaddafi International Charity and Development Foundation, which Saif ran.

  Saif al-Islam al-Gadhafi’s thesis, which you can read in its entirety if you like is titled “The Role of Civil Society in the Democratisation of Global Governance Institutions: From ‘Soft Power’ to Collective Decision-making?”

• In it, he argues that,

  inclusion of elected representatives of non- governmental organisations (NGOs) in tripartite decision-making structures could potentially create a more democratic global governing system. … the thesis argues that there are strong motivations for free individuals to seek fair terms of cooperation within the necessary constraints of being members of a global society. Drawing on the works of David Hume, John Rawls and Ned McClennen, it elaborates significant self-interested and moral motives that prompt individuals to seek cooperation on fair terms if they expect others to do so. Secondly, it supports a theory of global justice, rejecting the limits of Rawls’s view of international justice based on what he calls ‘peoples’ rather than persons. Thirdly, the thesis adopts and applies David Held’s eight cosmopolitan principles to support the concept and specific structures of ‘Collective Management’….

  [He goes on to say that]:

  The core aim of the thesis, then, is to explore the potential for the concept of Collective Management to develop a more democratic, morally justified system of global governance that recognises the rights of individuals … and is particularly focused on empowering civil society organizations (CSOs) to give a stronger voice to those currently under-represented in the existing system.

• ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————–

• Gadhafi was perhaps born 07 JUNE 1942, the son Colonel Albert Preziosi (a Corsican airman), and a mother of Jewish ancestry, in a goat-skin tent near Sirte on the Mediterranean coast. (SEE ABOVE Corsican story).

• He abandoned a geography course at university for a military career that included a short spell at a British army signals school. For al fuller early biography, read George Tremlett: “Gaddaffi the Desert Mystic” (Carroll & Graf Pres 1993).

• Moammar al-Gadhafi embraced the pan-Arabism of the late Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser and tried without success to merge Libya, Egypt and Syria into a federation.

Gadhafi, left, and Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser, right, arrive in Rabat, Morocco, in December 1969 for the Arab Summit Conference. (Benghabit / AFP – Getty Images)

A similar attempt to join Libya and Tunisia ended in acrimony.

Col. Gadhafi, left, jokes with a group of British hippies in Tripoli in July 1973. (AFP – Getty Image)

However, GADHAFI was shunned by the West for much of his rule which accused him of links to terrorism and revolutionary movements.  The U.S. sent war planes to bomb Libya in 1986. One of the 100 people killed was Gadhafi’s adopted daughter.

View of the remains of Gadhafi’s bombed-out headquarters, now turned into a living memento, inside his compound in Tripoli on Oct. 15, 2004. The sculpture in the center represents a golden fist grabbing a U.S. jet fighter. U.S. jets bombed Tripoli, killing Gadhafi’s adopted 4-year-old daughter, in April 1986 . (John Macdougall / AFP/Getty Images)

Photo: Baby Hanna killed by NATO in 1986.

Interview with Barbara Walters, 1989 :

Kimberly BUTLER, 24 FEBR. 2011 writes:

I went immediately to Gaddafi’s compound, now situated in a tent surrounded by sand bags in the middle of Tripoli.
It was cold in the desert at night. We set up and waited. And waited. No sleep, exhausted, hungry and freezing. A little boy enters the tent. He is dressed in full military gear, and carrying an automatic weapon. He sits next to me, gun on his lap, finger on the trigger. He says nothing for what seems like an eternity. So, I do what any respectable journalist does in this situation: I pull my chewing gum and offer him a piece.
I smile. He smiles a little. I’m just glad he used his shooting hand to take the gum. I ask him how old he is. He lays the weapon down on his lap. He shows me 12 fingers.
Do you like music? His eyes flash at me and he bursts into song.
“THRILLER, Thriller…”
In the tent, in the cold, armed to the teeth, in the middle of the night, he’s serenading me with “Thriller.” An older man yelled to him, and he threw his gun on his shoulder and stood at attention. Then he left immediately….
…The inside of the tent was decorated in large, bright triangles of yellow, red and green.
Gaddafi’s desk had a “map of the world” clock, a phone, and pad and pen. All he needed to rule the entire Arab world.
The sand was covered with beautiful hand woven rugs….Then it happened.
He drives up in a Volkswagen Beetle, gets out in a beautiful white silk suit, with a shawl over one arm, and kind of floats over to the tent.
His entrance was priceless. And he was charming! That’s exactly how rulers lull the people to follow them; it’s the smile, the gracious hospitality, and the polite manner of everyone in his entourage.
During the interview, Barbara asks him if he thinks the rumors are true — is he “unstable”?
He looks around the room, giggles, and stares at the ceiling, wiggles in his chair and then gives some canned answer. Is he crazy? I don’t know, but he sure is, well, kind of goofy…The interview went beautifully and then Gaddafi and Barbara tour the compound.He showed us his former home, which was now a bombed out shell, and used for mandatory field trips for school children. It was oddly lovely. A giant sculpture with a hand holding an empty American missile casing with the helmets of the two American pilots killed in the attack at the base.
We went back to the tent to meet his wife and children. No one smiled, except Gaddafi. The sons looked angry, the girls sad and withdrawn. Everyone said his or her goodbyes, and I left the tent first, hoping to get a picture of him as he left his tent.
He exited alone, and the look on his face said it all. “Click.”

Photos: Kimberly Butler/ABC TV

 

 

 

Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, right, welcomes Gadhafi upon his arrival at Tunis airport on Jan. 10, 1990. (Frederic Neema / Reuters)

Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, left, accompanies Gadhafi on a tour at the pyramids of Giza on Jan. 19, 1993. (Aladin Abdel Naby / Reuters)

Gadhafi with Sadaam Husein of Iraq 91 June: 

 1997

:

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA – AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER

DRC: IRIN Background report on peace efforts [19990622]

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: IRIN Background report on peace efforts

NAIROBI, 22 June (IRIN) 1999 – DRC peace talks this week in the Zambian capital, Lusaka, are expected to try to merge the various mediation initiatives aimed at finding a negotiated solution to the conflict.

The following provides background information on the principal peace efforts since the start of the conflict in August 1998.

The Lusaka peace process

The annual summit of the 14-member Southern African Development Community (SADC), held in Mauritius on 13-14 September, appointed Zambian President Frederick Chiluba to lead mediation efforts, assisted by Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa and Mozambican President Joaquim Chissano.

Under the initiative, several ministerial meetings have been held, but a heads of state summit originally scheduled for early December to secure a ceasefire was postponed several times. One of the problems has been disagreement over the participation of Congolese rebels in the negotiations.

Two committees under the Lusaka peace process have drafted “modalities” for the implementation of an eventual ceasefire agreement and collected information on the security concerns of the DRC and its neighbours. Meetings this week in Lusaka are expected to culminate in a heads of state summit on Saturday, at which Chiluba hopes a ceasefire agreement will be signed.

Presidents Mkapa and Chissano have held their own contacts with parties to the conflict to discuss peace prospects, but it is unclear how closely those efforts have been coordinated with those of Chiluba.

The Sirte agreement

Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi’s diplomatic contacts with countries involved in the conflict began in September and intensified in December when he met separately with DRC President Laurent-Desire Kabila, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni and rebel leader Ernest Wamba dia Wamba. Official Libyan communiques have since referred to Gaddafi as the “Coordinator of the Peace Process in the Great Lakes.”

On 18 April, Gaddafi brokered a peace agreement between Museveni and Kabila, also signed by the Presidents of Chad and Eritrea, in the Libyan town of Sirte, which called for the withdrawal of foreign forces from the DRC. Subsequently, Chad withdrew its troops from the country and Libya sent some 40 military personnel to Uganda to prepare for the deployment of a proposed neutral African peacekeeping force under the Sirte accord. However, Rwanda and the other countries with forces in the DRC were not party to the Sirte agreement.

On 15 May, Gaddafi hosted a mini-summit of African leaders in Sirte to discuss peace efforts and the implementation of the Sirte accord.

CONGO CHRONICLE XXXI

May 10 1999 – October 24 1999

sources: NCN,ACP,Le Soir, De Standaard

May 14 1999
-Under supervision of the Libyan leader Khadafi a peace accord has been signed by Kagame and Kabila in Syrte (Libye). Several other African leaders were present, as Aferworki (Erytrea), Nyerere (Tanzania), Compaore (Burkina Fasso), Idriss Deby (Chad), Patasse (CAR), Jammeh (Gambia), Ben Bella (Algeria) and Niasse (on behalf of the UN). It was agreed that the rebel movements should also be present at the next peace conference at Lusaka.

pdf found at:  http://www.conflicttransform.net/Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.pdf

(recalling that agreement in th eLUSAKA AGREEMENT:  http://www.ucd.ie/ibis/filestore/LUSAKA%20AGREEMENT%20CEASEFIRE%20AGREEMENT%20PREAMBLE.pdf  )

in original french:  http://www.ua.ac.be/objs/00111074.pdf

http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/central-africa/dr-congo/Africas%20Seven-Nation%20War.pdf      (p. 12)

http://www.un.org/Docs/s815_25.pdf   (p115)

Since a cease-fire was drafted in Addis Ababa on 10 September 1998, an OAU inter-African

force has been under discussion. However, Salim Ahmed Salim (secretary-general of the

OAU) announced that the OAU lacked the capacity to manage such a force. President

Museveni and President Ghaddafi met in Libya, where the two men focused on the idea of a

neutral multinational force to replace the UDPF (Union pour la Démocratie et le Progrès

Social) in the Congo. The international community generally supported the idea of such a

force and the UN sent one of Kofi Annan’s military advisers to the October 1998 Lusaka

meeting. At the Windhoek summit, the states involved in the war mandated Zambian

President Chiluba to request the OAU and the UN to work out modalities for a peacekeeping

force.

However, although all parties apparently accept the need for some form of peacekeeping force

to oversee the implementation of any cease-fire or political agreement, many problems have

arisen. First, Ghaddafi’s association with the idea of a peacekeeping force meant that the

initiative had little chance of acceptance. As the Ugandan journal, The New Vision, put it:

“regional sources said an initiative by Libyan President Muammar Ghaddafi to pull together an

African force to move into the former Zaire and secure its borders had little backing and in any

case was a nightmare scenario for the west.”….

[ Feedback: irin@ocha.unon.org UN IRIN-CEA Tel: +254 2 622123 Fax: +254 2 622129 ]

Item: irin-english-1073

[This item is delivered in the “irin-english” service of the UN’s IRIN humanitarian information unit, but may not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. For further information or free subscriptions, or to change your keywords, contact e-mail: irin@ocha.unon.org or fax: +254 2 622129 or Web: http://www.reliefweb.int/IRIN . If you re-print, copy, archive or re-post this item, please retain this credit and disclaimer.]

Copyright (c) UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 1999

Editor: Dr. Ali B. Ali-Dinar, Ph.D

 Sunday, June 13, 1999 Published at 16:49 GMT 17:49 UK

13 JUNE 1999: World: Africa

Mandela welcomes ‘brother leader’ Gaddafi

The two leaders have developed a close relationship

Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is in South Africa as the last official guest of President Nelson Mandela, who is due to leave office in the coming week.

For Colonel Gaddafi, the visit is part of his first foreign trip since the lifting of international sanctions on Libya – an event which was made possible when President Mandela persuaded Colonel Gaddafi to hand over for trial the two Libyans accused of the 1988 Lockerbie airliner bombing.

Colonel Gadaffi and President Mandela’s developed a close relationship after Mr Mandela’s release from jail in 1990.

Mr Mandela acknowledged the Libyan leader’s initiatives in seeking a solution to the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo, comparing these to his own efforts to resolve the Lockerbie dispute.

“We look forward with joy and anticipation to the full re-entry of Libya into the affairs of our continent and the world,” the South African president said.

He was speaking at a reception in Cape Town to welcome Colonel Gaddafi, whom he described as “my brother leader”.

Colonel Gaddafi bestowed the Libyan Decoration of Steadfastness on Mandela in appreciation of his “unlimited courage and prolonged steadfastness”.

Arms seized

Ahead of Colonel Gaddafi’s arrival in Cape Town, South African police seized about 30 guns and rifles from his security staff.

A government spokesman said they were allowed only five weapons – the rest would remain under guard at the airport.

The Libyan leader was earlier in Zambia, where he said he had persuaded President Laurent Kabila of the Democratic Republic of Congo to meet face-to-face with rebels at peace talks in Zambia later this month.

Colonel Gaddafi told the Zambian President, Frederick Chiluba, that the Congolese leader had agreed to meet the rebels and added that there was a chance for a ceasefire in the Congo.

Gadhafi abandoned his program of prohibited weapons in 2003 to return Libya into international mainstream politics.

In September 2004, U.S. President George W. Bush formally ended a U.S. trade embargo as a result of Gadhafi’s scrapping of the arms program and taking responsibility for Lockerbie. In 2004, the international embargo and sanctions that had been imposed on Libya for more than a decade were lifted by the UN Security Council when Colonel Muammar Gadaffi announced that Libya would give up its nuclear weapons. Further, Gada…ffi agreed to compensate the families of the victims of the Lockerbie bombing and the attack on the TWA flight that occurred in the late 1980s. This remarkable gesture showed Gaddafi’s commitment to seeing Libya rejoin the international community. In the sprit of reconciliation, Prime Minister Tony Blair flew to Tripoli, declaring that Libya was now an ally in the fight against global terrorism. How is this reversal explained? Born from conversations between Gaddafi and political expert Edmond Jouve, this book retraces the Libyan leader’s political and ideological journey.

• Hardcover: 261 pages
  

By special arrangement with Mike Obrien, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, left, flew to Libya in 2004 to hold talks with Gadhafi inside a Bedouin tent. Here, Blair and and Gadhafi stroll to a separate tent in Tripoli for lunch during a break in their talks. Blair’s façade role was particularly vital in Gadhafi’s so-called ” international rehabilitation”. He “praised” the leader for ending Libya’s [fictitious] nuclear and chemical weapons program and stressed the need for new security alliances in the wake of the (false-flage CIA) 11 Sept. 2001 so-called “terror attacks”. (Stefan Rousseau / AP)

• 
  French President Nicolas Sarkozy is welcomed by Gadhafi in Tripoli on July 25, 2007. Sarkozy arrived for a meeting with the Libyan leader a day after the release of six foreign medics from a Libyan prison. (Patrick Kovarik / AFP – Getty Images)
• Four years later,

  	in the beginning of June 2011, Nicolas Sarkozy was bragging that he would offer al-Quathafi either a “first” class or “third” class exit air flight. It’s clear that French voters will next year throw out the pint-size neo-elite warmonger of Hungarian bankers ancestry.

• Libyan leaderColonel Gaddafi attends a wreath-laying ceremony in Victory Square in Minsk, Belarus  

 

 

Gadhafi’s son Saif, center, attends a ceremony in the southern Libyan city of Ghiryan on Aug. 18, 2007, to mark the arrival of water from the Great Manmade River, a project to pipe water from desert wells to coastal communities. (Mahmud Turkia / AFP – Getty Images)

Qaddafi  made concessions that were worth something to the West, to the region and to Libyans themselves. The greatest of these was to give up his nuclear programme and help to blow the lid on the nuclear black market centred on Pakistan.

At the G8 summit in L’Aquila in Italy, prime ministers and presidents sat down to talk about world trade and food security with Muammar Qaddafi.

It was proven that Libya never sponsoring any terrorism in the West, by the Austrian and Italian Courts. Lockerbie was a CIA false-flag operation for opium smuggling as testified by Susan Lindauer.  BUT, the return to Libya in 2009 of the falsely convicted Lockerbie bomber Abdel Baset al-Megrahi, released from a Scottish jail on health grounds, angered Washington, because it might reveal another
of the U.S.’s great cover-ups and False-flag CIA Drug-running Operations

Libyan Abdel Baset al-Megrahi, who was framed and falsely found guilty of the 1988 Lockerbie bombing, top left, is accompanied by Seif al-Islam el-Gadhafi, son of the Libyan leader, upon his arrival at the airport in Tripoli on Aug. 20, 2009. Scotland freed the terminally ill Lockerbie bomber on compassionate grounds, allowing him to die at home in Libya despite ill-informed and lied-to Americans, who protested  that he should not be shown no mercy.  Abdel Baset al-Megrahi vowed that before he should die, he would provide the world with proof of his innocence. (Amr Nabil / AP)

View the video below for an overview, to understand why Libya is not guilty of the Lockerbie PanAm 103 bombing:

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=317881548253205&set=t.100002079107803&type=3&theater

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGuzIHwkAf4&feature=player_embedded
Please join me on Facebookto fight media propagandaADDITIONAL SOURCES:Full transcript of judgment: http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/library/lockerbie/docs/lockerbiejudgement.pdfAnalysis of judgment: http://www.david-morrison.org.uk/libya/lockerbie-perverse-verdict.htmWebsite of one of the victim’s father: http://www.lockerbietruth.com/Full documentary: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAjso24ChXIView other videos on Libya and related issues: http://www.youtube.com/user/hhhpets
#

http://www.mathaba.net/news/libya

Full transcript of judgment: http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/library/lockerbie/docs/lockerbiejudgement.pdf

Analysis of judgment: http://www.david-morrison.org.uk/libya/lockerbie-perverse-verdict.htm

Website of one of the victim’s father: http://www.lockerbietruth.com/

Full documentary: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAjso24ChXI

View other videos on Libya and related issues: http://www.youtube.com/user/hhhpets
#

http://www.mathaba.net/news/libya

Libya never sponsored any terrorism in the West, or in any part of the world.

“Megrahi promised in an interview with Britain’s Times newspaper published on�

Saturday that he would present new evidence before he died exonerating him of the bombing.”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cCpEXDD1LY&feature=player_detailpage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGuzIHwkAf4&feature=player_embedded

We read from Susan Lindauer:
Lockerbie Diary: Gadhaffi, Fall Guy For CIA Drug Running
By Susan Lindauer, Former U.S. Asset covering Iraq and Libya – Contributing Writer
04 March 2011

For years I was told the terrorist who placed the bomb on board Pan Am 103, known as the Lockerbie bombing, lives about 8 miles from my house, in Fairfax County, Virginia.His life-time of privilege and protection, gratis of high flyers in U.S. Intelligence, has been a reward for silence on the CIA’s involvement in drug trafficking in Lebanon during the 1980s.

As sources go, I was more than a casual observer. From May 1995 until March 2003, I performed as a back channel to Tripoli and Baghdad, supervised by my CIA handler, Dr. Richard Fuisz, who claimed from day one to know the origins of the Lockerbie conspiracy and the identity of the terrorists. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20000528/ai_n13949725/ He swore that no Libyan participated in the attack.

Armed with that assurance, our team started talks with Libya’s diplomats for the Lockerbie Trial, and I attended over 150 meetings at the Libyan Embassy in New York. After the hand over of Libya’s two accused men, our team engaged in a concerted fight to gain permission for Dr. Fuisz to give a deposition about his primary knowledge of the conspiracy, during the Lockerbie Trial. In a surprise twist, the U.S. Federal Judge in Alexandria, Virginia imposed a double seal on a crucial portion of Dr. Fuisz’s deposition. The double seal can only be opened by a Scottish Judge. In my opinion, that should be a priority, as testimony hidden by the double seal maps out the whole Lockerbie conspiracy. Most significantly, it identifies 11 terrorists involved in the attack. Dr. Fuisz’s testimony could put the whole matter to rest forever.

here’s good reason for my confidence. Much to my surprise, during the Lockerbie talks, Dr. Fuisz’s allegations of CIA opium running in Lebanon received unusual corroboration. One day, as I left the office of Senator Carol Moseley-Braun on my lunch break, an older spook caught up with me in front of the U.S. Supreme Court. From out of nowhere, he stepped in my path and invited me to lunch. With extraordinary candor, he debriefed me as to what motivated the CIA’s actions. I remember it as one battle-hardened old spook sharing the perils of fieldwork with a gung ho young Asset, anxious to get started on great adventures.

It was a morality tale for sure. According to him, the CIA infiltrated opium and heroin trafficking in Lebanon as part of a crisis operation to rescue AP reporter Terry Anderson and 11 other American and British hostages in Beirut, including CNN bureau chief Jeremy Levin and Anglican envoy Terry Waite. The hostage crisis was a legitimate CIA concern. The CIA Station Chief of Beirut, William Buckley, was also kidnapped by Islamic Jihad and brutally tortured to death, his body dumped in the street in front of CIA headquarters. The rescue was protracted and complicated by Lebanon’s Civil War—ultimately, Terry Anderson’s captivity lasted seven years. Many of the hostages suffered beatings, solitary confinement chained to the floor, and mock executions.

The older spook who refused to identify himself swore that the CIA considered it urgently necessary to try every possibility for recovering the hostages. The concept of infiltration into criminal networks cuts to the murky nature of intelligence itself. Drug enforcement frequently rely on the same strategies. Where the CIA went far wrong was in pocketing some of those heroin profits for itself along the way. The dirty little secret is that the CIA continued to take a percentage cut of opium and heroin production out of Lebanon well into the 1990s.

As for the hostage rescue itself, considering the operation took years to accomplish, it’s always been whispered that a corrupted CIA officer enjoying those opium profits might have swallowed reports on the hostages’ locations, or otherwise diverted his team in order to protect his narcotics income.

That appears to have become a serious fear at the time, among other U.S. officers jointly involved in the rescue.

In December 1988, infuriated Defense Intelligence agents issued a formal protest, exposing CIA complicity in Middle East heroin trafficking. When teams from both agencies got summoned back to Washington to attend an internal hearing, they boarded Pan Am 103. A wing of militant Hezbollah led by Ahmed Jibril, his nephew Abu Elias, Abu Talb and Abu Nidal took out both teams in order to protect their lucrative cartel.

Classified Defense Intelligence records show that Jibril and Talb had been toying with a conspiracy to bomb a U.S. airplane during the 1988 Christmas holidays anyway. They planned to bomb a U.S. airliner in revenge for the U.S.S. Vincennes, which shot down an Iranian commercial airliner loaded with Hajiis returning from Mecca in July, 1988. However the Defense Intelligence threat to expose their heroin network put the bombing plan into action. Islamic Jihad’s ability to discover actionable intelligence on the flight schedules would definitely confirm that somebody at CIA was operating as a double agent, keeping Islamic Jihad a step ahead of the rescue efforts.

That’s the dirty truth about Lockerbie. It ain’t nothing like you’ve been told.

Wait a darn moment—I anticipate your confusion. Libya got blamed for the Lockerbie attack. Daddy George Bush told us so! The United Nations imposed sanctions on Libya, demanding that Colonel Moammar Gadhaffi hand over two Libyans for trial. One of the two, Lameen Fhima got acquitted immediately. The other Abdelbasset Megrahi got convicted (on the most flimsy circumstantial evidence that overlooked endless contradictions). Libya paid $2.7 billion in damages—amounting to $10 million per family death— to make the U.N. sanctions go away, and expressed a sort of non-apology for the deaths—while never acknowledging its involvement in the conspiracy.

So Libya was innocent the whole time? In a word, yes…..
….

.
In 2004, the international embargo and sanctions that had been imposed on Libya for more than a decade were lifted by the UN Security Council when Muammar Gadaffi
announced that Libya would give up its proported nuclear program.
Further, Gadaffi agreed to compensate the families of the victims of the Lockerbie bombing and the attack on the TWA flight that occurred in the late 1980s.

QUOTE fro Susan LINDAUER:

“Libya paid $2.7 billion in damages—amounting to $10 million per family death— to make the U.N. sanctions go away, and expressed a sort of non-apology for the deaths—
while never acknowledging its involvement in the conspiracy….”

But the bottom line is that Libya had nothing to do with the bombing of Pan Am 103, which exploded over the town of Lockerbie, Scotland.

We should care about Lockerbie because of the serious problem that it exposed. Opium trafficking out of the Bekaa Valley provides a major source for global heroin production. In turn, the global pipeline of narco-dollars keep militant operations alive world-wide from the Middle East to Indonesia, Colombia, Burma and the Far East.

That’s something to fear. We don’t have to deploy soldiers to shut it down. With a little creativity, we could attack the bank accounts of these global heroin traffickers and cut off funds for the violence without damaging the local society through warfare. We could strike down two scourges—heroin and terrorism. And the U.S. would not require military action all over the planet to accomplish its goals. Thankfully, there are other ways.

In another ground breaking interview on The Intel Hub, former CIA Asset and 9/11 whistleblower Susan Lindauer discussed her visits to the Libyan Embassy in Washington this week, and revealed that she started talks for the Lockerbie Trial with Libya’s diplomats at the United Nations.

Lindauer dished on Gadhaffi, Libya’s vendetta culture and how tribalism might have inspired Gadhaffi’s recent desperate gamble for survival.

She also explains how the Lockerbie bombing was tied to the CIA’s involvement in heroin trafficking out of the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon during U.S. operations to rescue Terry Anderson and other hostages in Beirut.

Susan explains how infuriated Defense Intelligence agents became determined to expose CIA complicity in Middle East heroin trafficking, and how terrorists took out both teams to protect their lucrative cartel.

The Intel Hub
By Susan Lindauer, former U.S. Asset who covered Libya at the United Nations from 1995 to 2003
March 28th, 2011

Who are we kidding? The United States, Britain and NATO don’t care about bombing civilians to contain rebellion. Their militaries bomb civilians every day without mercy. They have destroyed most of the community infrastructure of Iraq and Afghanistan before turning their sights on Libya. So what’s really going on here?

According to the CIA, the following never happened…

Last October, US oil giants— Chevron and Occidental Petroleum— made a surprising decision to pull out of Libya, while China, Germany and Italy stayed on, signing major contracts with Gadhaffi’s government. As the U.S. Asset who started negotiations for the Lockerbie Trial with Libyan diplomats, I had close ties to Libya’s U.N. Mission from 1995 to 2003.

Given my long involvement in the Lockerbie saga, I have continued to enjoy special access to high level intelligence gossip on Libya.

Last summer that gossip got juicy!

About July, I started hearing that Gadhaffi was exerting heavy pressure on U.S. and British oil companies to cough up special fees and kick backs to cover the costs of Libya’s reimbursement to the families of Pan Am 103. Payment of damages for the Lockerbie bombing had been one of the chief conditions for ending U.N. sanctions on Libya that ran from 1992 until 2003. And of course the United Nations forced Gadhaffi to hand over two Libyan men for a special trial at The Hague, though everybody credible was fully conscious of Libya’s innocence in the Lockerbie affair. (Only ignorant politicians trying to score publicity points say otherwise.)

Knowing Gadhaffi as well as I do, I was convinced that he’d done it. He’d bided his time until he could extort compensation from U.S. oil companies. He’s a crafty bastard, extremely intelligent and canny. That’s exactly how he operates. And now he was taking his revenge. As expected, the U.S. was hopping mad about it. Gadhaffi wasn’t playing the game the way the Oil Bloodsuckers wanted.

The Vampire of our age—the Oil Industry—roams the earth, sucking the life out of every nation to feed its thirst for profits. Only when they got to Libya, Gadhaffi took on the role of a modern-day Robin Hood, who insisted on replenishing his people for the costs they’d suffered under U.N. sanctions.

Backing up a year earlier, in August 2009 the lone Libyan convicted of the Lockerbie bombing that killed 270 people, Abdelbasset Megrahi, won a compassionate release from Scottish prison. Ostensibly, the British government and Scottish Courts granted Megrahi’s request to die at home with dignity from advance stage cancer—in exchange for dropping a legal appeal packed with embarrassments for the European Courts.

The decision to free Megrahi followed shocking revelations of corruption at the special Court of The Hague that handled the Lockerbie Trial. Prosecution witnesses confessed to receiving payments of $4 million each from the United States, in exchange for testimony against Megrahi, a mind-blowing allegation of judicial corruption.

The Lockerbie conviction was full of holes to begin with. Anybody who knows anything about terrorism in the 1980s knows the CIA got mixed up in heroin trafficking out of the Bekaa Valley during the hostage crisis in Lebanon. The Lockerbie conspiracy had been a false flag operation to kill off a joint CIA and Defense Intelligence investigation into kick backs from Islamic Jihad, in exchange for protecting the heroin transit network.

According to my own CIA handler, Dr. Richard Fuisz, who’d been stationed in Lebanon and Syria at the time, the CIA had established a protected drug route from Lebanon to Europe and on to the United States. His statements support other sources that “Operation Corea” allowed Syrian drug dealers led by Monzer al-Kassar (also linked to Oliver North in the Iran-Contra scandal) to ship heroin to the U.S. ON Pan Am flights, in exchange for intelligence on the hostages’ whereabouts in Lebanon.

The CIA allegedly made sure that suitcases carrying heroin were not searched at customs. Nicknamed the “Godfather of Terror,” Al Kassar is now serving a prison sentence for conspiring with Colombian drug cartels to assassinate U.S. nationals.

Building up to Lockerbie, the Defense Intelligence team in Beirut, led by Maj. Charles Dennis McKee and Matthew Gannon, suspected that CIA infiltration of the heroin network might be prolonging the hostage crisis. If so, the consequence was severe. AP Reporter Terry Anderson got chained in a basement for 7 years, while 96 other high profile western hostages suffered beatings, mock executions and overall trauma. McKee’s team raised the alarms in Washington that a CIA double agent profiting from the narco-dollars might be warning the hostage takers whenever their dragnet closed in.

Washington sent a fact-finding team to Lebanon to gather evidence.

On the day it was blown out of the sky, Pan Am 103 was carrying that team of CIA and FBI investigators, the CIA’s Deputy Chief assigned to Beirut, and three Defense Intelligence officers, including McKee and Gannon, on their way to Washington to deliver a report on the CIA’s role in heroin trafficking, and the impact on terrorist financing and the hostage crisis. In short, everyone with direct knowledge of CIA kickbacks from heroin trafficking died on Pan Am 103. A suitcase packed with $500,000 worth of heroin was found in the wreckage. It belonged to investigators, as proof of the corruption.

The punch line was that the U.S. State Department issued an internal travel advisory, warning that government officials should get off that specific flight on that specific day, because Pan Am 103 was expected to get bombed. That’s right, folks! The U.S. had prior knowledge of the attack.

Unforgivably, nobody told Charles McKee or Matthew Gannon. But other military officials and diplomats got pulled off the flight—making room for a group of students from Syracuse University traveling stand by for the Christmas holidays.

It was a monstrous act! But condemning Megrahi to cover up the CIA’s role in heroin trafficking has struck many Lockerbie afficiandos as grossly unjust. Add the corruption of purchased testimony– $4 million a pop— and Megrahi’s life sentence struck a nerve of obscenity.

It struck Gadhaffi as grievously offensive, as well—The United Nations had forced Libya to fork over $2.7 billion in damages to the Lockerbie families, a rate of $10 million for every death. Once it became clear the U.S. paid two key witnesses $4 million each to commit perjury, spook gossip throughout the summer was rife that Gadhaffi had taken bold action to demand compensation from U.S. (and probably British) oil corporations operating in Libya. More than likely, Libya’s demands for kick backs and compensation extended to other European oil conglomerates as well—particularly France and Italy—who are now spearheading attacks on Libya.

I knew last summer there would be trouble. Payback would be a b—tch on both sides. You don’t lock an innocent man in prison for 10 years on bogus charges of terrorism, and expect forgiveness. The United States and Britain had behaved with remarkable selfishness. You’ve got to admit that Gadhaffi’s attempt to balance the scales of justice demonstrated a flair of righteous nationalism.

Alas, Gadhaffi was playing with fire, no matter how justified his complaint. You don’t strike a tyrant without expecting a tyrant to strike back.

And that’s exactly what’s happening today.

Don’t kid yourself. This is an oil war, and it smacks of imperialist double standards. Two articles by Prof. Chossudovsky at the Global Research Centre are must reading: “Operation Libya and the Battle for Oil: Redrawing the Map of Africa” and “Insurrection and Military Intervention: The US-NATO Attempted Coup d’Etat in Libya?”

There is simply no justification for U.S. or NATO action against Libya. The U.N. charter acknowledges the rights of sovereign nations to put down rebellions against their own governments. Moreover, many observers have commented that plans for military intervention appear to have been much more advanced than U.S. and European leaders want to admit.

For myself, I know in my gut that war planning started months before the democratization movement kicked off throughout the Arab world—a lucky cover for U.S. and European oil policy. Perhaps too lucky.

As Chossudovsky writes, “Hundreds of US, British and French military advisers arrived in Cyrenaica, Libya’s eastern breakaway province” on February 23 and 24— seven (7) days after the start of Gadhaffi’s domestic rebellion. “The advisers, including intelligence officers, were dropped from warships and missile boats at the coastal towns of Benghazi and Tobruk.” (DEBKAfile, US military advisers in Cyrenaica, Feb. 25, 2011) Special forces on the ground in Eastern Libya provided covert support to the rebels.” Eight British Special Forces commandos were arrested in the Benghazi region, while acting as military advisers to opposition forces, according to the Times of London.

We’re supposed to believe the United States, Britain and Europe planned, coordinated and executed a full military intervention in 7 short days— from the start of the Libyan rebellion in mid-February until military advisers appeared on the ground in Libya on February 23-24!

That’s strategically impossible.

Nothing can persuade me that Gadhaffi’s fate wasn’t decided months ago, when Chevron and Occidental Petroleum took their whining to Capitol Hill, complaining that Gadhaffi’s nationalism interfered with their oil profiteering. From that moment, military intervention was on the drawing board as surely as the Patriot Act got stuck in a drawer waiting for 9/11.

The message is simple: Challenge the oil corporations and your government and your people will pay the ultimate price: Give us your oil as cheaply as possible. Or die.

Don’t kid yourself. Nobody gives a damn about suffering in Libya or Iraq. You don’t bomb a village to save it. The U.S., Britain and NATO are the bullies of the neighborhood. The enforcers for Big Oil.

Libya, Iraq, Afghanistan have something in common. They have vast and extraordinary oil and mineral riches. As such, they are all victims of what I call the Vampire Wars. The Arab Princes get paid off, while the bloodsuckers pull the life blood out of the people. They’re scarcely able to survive in their own wealthy societies. The people and the domestic economy are kept alive to uphold the social order, but they are depleted of the nourishment of their own national wealth.

The democratization movements are sending a warning that I don’t think Big Oil, or their protectors in the U.S. and British governments understand or have figured out how to control. The Arab people are finished with this cycle of victimization. They’ve got their stakes out, and they’re starting to figure out how to strike into the heart of these Vampires, sucking the life blood out of their nations.

And woe to the wicked when they do! (END OF SUSAN LINDAUER’S TESTIMONY)

Gadhafi looks at a Russian-language edition of his book “The Green Book” during a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin on April 17, 2008, in Tripoli. Putin was in Libya for a two-day visit to rebuild Russian-Libyan relations. (Artyom Korotayev / Epsilon via Getty Images) Russian-Libyan relations. (Artyom Korotayev / Epsilon via Getty Images) Gadafiìs “Green Book,” distributed to millions in the country and required reading for schoolchildren, university students, civil servants and people in the military, is expected to be understood as an important piece of writing and as a “universal theory.” Gadhafi himself put it this way: “The Green Book presents the ultimate solution to the problem of the instrument of government, and indicates for the masses the path upon which they can advance from the age of dictatorship to that of genuine democracy.” Pictured here above, Gadhafi looks at a Russian-language edition of his book “The Green Book” during a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin on April 17, 2008, in Tripoli. Putin was in Libya for a two-day visit to rebuild Russian-Libyan relations. (Artyom Korotayev / Epsilon via Getty Images)

Gadhafi and Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi pose for a picture after signing an agreement in the eastern city of Benghazi on Libya’s Mediterranean coast on Aug. 30, 2008. Berlusconi apologized to Libya for damage inflicted by Italy during the colonial era and signed a $5 billion investment deal by way of compensation. (Mahmud Turkia / AFP – Getty Images)

Gadhafi poses with U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice prior to a meeting in Tripoli on Sept. 5, 2008. Rice arrived in Libya on the first such visit in more than half a century, marking a new chapter in Washington’s reconciliation with the former enemy state. (Mahmud Turkia / AFP – Getty Images)

LESS than two years ago,

Gadhafi attends the closing session of the Arab League summit in Doha, Qatar, on March 30, 2009. (Marwan Naamani / AFP – Getty Images)

Gadhafi waves after delivering a speech during a meeting with 700 women from the business, political and cultural spheres on June 12, 2009, in Rome. The Libyan strongman drew cheers and jeers when he criticized Islam’s treatment of women but then suggested it should be up to male relatives to decide if a woman can drive. (Christophe Simon / AFP/Getty Images)

U.S .President Barack Obama shakes hands with Gadhafi during the G-8 summit in L’Aquila, Italy, on July 9, 2009. (Michael Gottschalk / AFP – Getty Images)

The president of the U.N. General Assembly, Ali Abdussalam Treki, top center, listens in apparent misery as Gadhafi speaks on 23 Sept. 2009, at U.N. headquarters in New York. It was Gadhafi’s first appearance before the U.N., where he gave a 95-minute speech in which he criticized the decision-making structure of the world body and called for investigations of all the wars and assassinations that have taken place since the U.N.’s founding. (Stan Honda / AFP/Getty Images)

Muammar Quaddafi’s short stories and essays in this book are more revealing about his vision of the world than all of his addresses and the articles and reports that have been written about him during the last 25 years.

Gadhafi greets Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez during the plenary session at the Africa-South America Summit on Margarita Island on Sept. 27, 2009. Chavez and Gadhafi urged African and South American leaders to strive for a new world order countering Western economic dominance. (Carlos Garcia Rawlins / Reuters)
Moammar Gadhafi in Rome in August 2010.

Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh, Gadhafi and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak during a group picture of Arab and African leaders ahead of the opening of the second Arab-African summit in the coastal town of Sirte, Libya, on Oct. 10, 2010. Ben Ali and Mubarak were driven out of power by popular revolts in 2011. (Sabri Elmehedwi / EPA)

Last month Gadhafi said he feared the change of power in neighboring Tunisia was being exploited by foreign intervention.

Gadhafi said he was “pained” by the violent events in Tunisia and that people there had been too hasty in pushing out President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali.Copyright 2011 Thomson Reuters.

From SANDRO MAGISTER:
Professor Khaled Fouad Allam who explains it, in a commentary in “Il Sole 24 Ore,” the most widely circulated financial daily in Italy and Europe, on February 23.

The inner circle of leader Moammar Kadafi’s family:

 

 

 In one of the first signs incidating that something might be underway on the political front in the secluded North African republic was when the board of the Gaddafi International Charity and Development Organization (GICDO) demoted the reform-minded Saif al Islam Kadafi, son of the leader — to an honorary position.

GICDO also announced around the same time that it was withdrawing from politics and that it no longer would promote human rights in Libya — a move fueling speculation among analysts of the nation that conservative forces are pushing the country’s moderates to the sidelines and that reformist hopes for Libya might be dwindling.

“Whether Saif was forced out or withdrew voluntarily, he has had to acknowledge that his work came up against insuperable obstacles in the form of the old guard surrounding his father. … At least for now  Libyans have lost one of their few avenues to pursue human rights improvements and political reform,” wrote Ronald Bruce St John, an author of seven books on Libya, in a recent commentary for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.  

The younger Kadafi has never held any formal political power. But he has played a key role in improving Libya’s ties with the West in recent years and has become a vocal critic of conservative hardliners in the government. Some of his calls for economic and political liberalization have not gone down well with some conservatives.

And there seem to be more twists to the drama. According to media reports, several of Saif al Islam Kadafi’s conservative opponents are believed to be closely backed by his two brothers — Mutassim, a national security adviser, and Khamis, a high-ranking military leader.

—————————————————————————————

The rumors about alleged cracks inside the Kadafi family and brawls between the brothers over their differing political visions are apparently so widespread that the younger Kadafi went out to deny such speculations in a rare public statement.

“Several press reports have suggested that I’ve been involved in a power struggle with my brothers behind the scenes in Libya,” Saif al Islam  

(shown here with thinning hair) was quoted as saying in an address posted on GICDO’s website. “There is nothing of the sort.  I have an excellent relationship with my family.”

Schumpeter’s notebook

Feb 23rd 2011, 13:40

LESS than two years ago,Qaddafi  made concessions that were worth something to the West, to the region and to Libyans themselves. The greatest of these was to give up his nuclear programme and help to blow the lid on the nuclear black market centred on Pakistan.   At the G8 summit in L’Aquila in Italy, prime ministers and presidents sat down to talk about world trade and food security with Muammar Qaddafi.Libya has never been a homogeneous nation. It is a tangle of Arab, Berber, and African tribes, for each of which group loyalty matters more than anything else. At the outbreak of the revolt, entire cities and regions were quickly made autonomous.

Libya never sponsored any terrorism in the West. For Gaddafi, the “revolution” was the PEOPLE, and he was the “GUIDE” of the PEOPLE. His was an “Islamic theology” purified in the prophetic tradition of the Mujjadid, foreign to even the Sunna, which made him alien and distasteful to the bulk of the Sunni Muslim world itself.

Paradoxically,  Gaddafi guaranteed the Catholic Church levels of freedom greater than in any other Muslim country of the region.

Gadhafi and his second wife Safiya Farkash wave to the crowd upon their arrival in Dakar, Senegal, for a three-day official visit on Dec. 3, 1985. Gadhafi has eight biological children, six by Safiya. (Joel Robine / AFP – Getty Images)

  al-Saadi Ghaddafi (à dr.) et son frère Mootassem, en Italie, en 2005    NBC News

3rd son of Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi, Seif al-Islam Gadhafi, has often been put forward as the regime’s face of reform.
In his statement denying the rumored family feud, Saif al Islam Kadafi apparently also felt compelled to set the record straight about his links to Al Ghad. He denied that he owned the media group, emphasizing that he was “merely a supporter” and nothing else.
The publishing company was in the news again earlier this week when a Libyan news agency that is part of Al Ghad published a rare article criticizing the Libyan army.
The piece, reportedly written by the political editor of Libya Press, claimed the Libyan army was doing a bad job and said civilians should lead the defense ministry.
“The armed forces have taken over thousands of acres of land that were needlessly transformed into camps and barracks and later became sources of wealth for many,” the Reuters news agency quoted it as saying.
Aside from accusing the army of inefficiency, the piece also described some senior military officers as corrupt.
It’ was a daring piece by Libyan standards. Aside from the apparent escalating power struggle between moderates and the old guard, media reports have surfaced about protests being staged in several Libyan cities in the past week over corruption and lack of government-subsidized housing.– Alexandra Sandels in Beirut

Seif has often been put forward as the regime’s face of reform and is often cited as a likely successor to his father. Seif‘s younger brother Mutassim is the national security adviser, with a strong role in the military and security forces, and another brother Khamis heads the army’s 32nd Brigade, which according to U.S. diplomats is the best trained and best equipped force in the military.
Gaddafi’s son watched Zapad-2009 military exercise in Belarus (Photo)

11:06, — Politics

 Khamis Gaddafi is a commander of a reinforced brigade of the Libyan army. Khamis Gaddafi, son of the head of the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya    Muammar Gaddafi, was present at Zapad-2009 military exercise as an observer, the official news agency BelTA reports.

Khamis Gaddafi knows the military science firsthand. He graduated from the military academy in Tripoli and received a bachelor’s degree in military arts and science, then graduated from Frunze Military Academy in Moscow and Academy of the General Staff Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Khamis Gaddafi is a commander of the special reinforced brigade of the Libyan army.

[We are reminded that Zapad-2009 drills involved more than 12000 service personnel and some hundreds of units of military equipment. 6000 troops from Russia entered Belarus, which has never happened before.The exercise used 103 airborne devices (including 63 aircrafts and 40 helicopters), around 470 armoured fighting vehicles, 228 tanks, 234 self-propelled and towed artillery units, mortars and multiple launch rocket systems.One of the aims of the exercises is armed conflicts liquidation.]

SAIF gave a televised address shortly after midnight, Monday, 21 Febr., saying:

“Our spirits are high and the leader Moammar Gadhafi is leading the battle in Tripoli, and we are behind him as is the Libyan army. We will keep fighting until the last man standing, even to the last woman standing … We will not leave Libya to the Italians or the Turks.*”

Finger-wagging
Wagging a finger at the camera, he blamed Libyan exiles for fomenting the violence. But he also promised dialogue on reforms and wage rises.
Saif Gadhafi (shown here with his head shaven) warned protesters that they risked igniting a civil war in which Libya’s oil wealth “will be burned.”  He said that if protests continued, Libya would slide back to “colonial” rule. “You will get Americans and European fleets coming your way and they will occupy you. He threatened to “eradicate the pockets of sedition” and said the army will play a main role in restoring order. “There has to be a firm stand,” he said. “This is not the Tunisian or Egyptian army.” Protesters had seized some military bases, tanks and other weapons, Saif said, blaming Islamists, the media, thugs, drunks and drug abusers, foreigners — including Egyptians and Tunisians. He also admitted that the unrest had spread to Tripoli, with people firing in central Green Square before fleeing.  Armed security forces were seen on rooftops surrounding central Green Square, a witness said by telephone, speaking on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisal. The witness added that a group of about 200 lawyers and judges were protesting inside a Tripoli courthouse, which was also surrounded by security forces. Crowds in the capital were throwing rocks at billboards of Gadhafi and troops were trying to subdue them with tear gas and gunfire.
Reuters and The Associated Press contributed to this report.

TRIPOLI —SATURDAY: The U.S.-based Arbor Networks reported another Internet service outage in Libya just before midnight Saturday night. The company said online traffic ceased in Libya about 2 a.m. Saturday, but was restored at reduced levels several hours later, only to be cut off again that night by infiltrating insurgents.

A central government building in the Libyan capital Tripoli was on fire Monday, a Reuters reporter said.
“I can see the People’s Hall is on fire, there are firefighters there trying to put it out,” the reporter, Ahmed Sawalem, said. [That is the building is where the General People’s Congress, or parliament, meets when it is in session in Tripoli.]
During the day Monday, a fire was raging at the People’s Hall, the main hall for government gatherings where the country’s equivalent of a parliament holds its sessions several times a year, the pro-government news web site Qureyna said. [The system of rule created by Gadhafi — the “Jamahiriya,” or “rule by masses” — is highly decentralized, run by “popular committees” in a complicated hierarchy that effectively means there is no real center of decision-making except Gadhafi, his sons and their top aides.] Among the buildings attacked by armed insurgents was the Ministry of Defense headquarters on Omar El Mokhtar Street, which was on fire, he said. “The people use almost anything, they use rocks, sometimes knives, and some had rifles.
Early Monday, armed insurgents also took over the office of two of the multiple state-run satellite news channels, witnesses said. After midnight, the insurgents took over the main Tripoli offices of two state-run satellite stations, Al-Jamahiriya-1 and Al-Shebabiya, one witness said. Violence and looting could continue for several days, it warned.
There were fears of chaos as young men — including regime supporters — seized weapons from the Katiba and other captured security buildings. “The youths now have arms and that’s worrying,” said Iman, a doctor at the main hospital. “We are appealing to the wise men of every neighborhood to rein in the youths.”
After seizing the Katiba, protesters found the bodies of 13 uniformed security officers inside who had been handcuffed and shot in the head, then set on fire, said Hassan, also a doctor. U.K.-based opposition activist Ahmed Sawalem, who is keeping in touch with the armed insurgent militia in Libya, told msnbc.com that  false witnesses reported six private planes taking off from a small airport on the outskirts of Tripoli on Sunday night.
“But no one can confirm who was on those planes,” Sawalem lyingly said, but it was “very likely” they were people connected with the regime.
He said he hoped it was Gadhafi, but added it could family members or even well-connected businesspeople.
Libyan leader appears briefly on state TV amid violence, unrest sweeping nation
Gadhafi: ‘I’m in Tripoli, not Venezuela’
TRIPOLI — Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi appeared for less than a minute Tuesday morning on state television and made brief remarks to say he was in the capital Tripoli and to deny rumors he had fled to Venezuela amid the violent revolt against his 41-year rule. Gadhafi was seated in the passenger seat of a small vehicle holding an umbrella up through the open door.

NBC News

Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi appears on state television early Tuesday to say he is in Tripoli, not Venezuela, as protests calling for his ouster continue.

It had been raining in the capital for two days. His remarks were aired about 2 a.m. local time (7 p.m. Monday ET). In the rain, holding an umbrella and sitting in the cab of a truck. It was after midnight, already Tuesday morning. “I wanted to speak with the young people on Green Square and spend the night with them, but then this good rain came,” he said, according to the news agency dpa. “I am here to show that I am in Tripoli, not Venezuela. Don’t listen to reports by stray dogs,” he said, referring to media reports that he had left the country.
He said rain prevented him from addressing massed protesters.
Gadhafi spoke hours after reports that Libyan military aircraft fired live ammunition at crowds of anti-government protesters in Tripoli on Monday.
“We are all hoping. If we take control of the city (Tripoli), it means he’s out. We are worried about the foreign mercenaries. We don’t know how many of them are in the country,” Sawalem said.
He also said there were reports of planes bombing a weapons store south of Benghazi in Ajdabiya “so the protesters cannot get hold of them, to use them to fight.” He said a number of people in the area had been killed in the attack.
Mohamed Bayou — who until a month ago was chief government spokesman, called on Saif Gadhafi to start talks with the opposition. “I hope that he will … change his speech to acknowledge the existence of an internal popular opposition, to enter into dialogue with them regarding thorough changes in the Libyan system,” Bayou said in a statement obtained by Reuters.

  French government spokesman Francois Baroin said on Monday that the international community must do everything it can do to  prevent Libya sinking into civil war.
‘All appropriate actions’
“We’re extremely worried and shocked and we strongly condemn what’s happening, this unprecedented violence, which could descend into an extremely violent and lengthy civil war,” Baroin said in an interview on Europe 1 radio.
Ali al-Essawi,  Libya’s ambassador to India, accused the government of deploying foreign mercenaries against the protesters. *The Turkish Foreign Ministry said that around 3,000 Turkish citizens had applied to be repatriated from Libya since Friday and the first plane was sent to Benghazi on Sunday morning, with more planes to be sent once permission was granted.
Al-Obaidi and lawyer Mohamed al-Mana told Reuters members of the “Thunderbolt” squad had arrived at the hospital with soldiers wounded in clashes with Gadhafi’s personal guard.

“They are now saying that they have overpowered the Praetorian Guard and that they have joined the people’s revolt,” al-Mana said by telephone. Tens of thousands in Benghazi, the region’s main city and Libya’s second largest, are said to have taken to the streets, torching police stations and besieging army barracks and the airport. It was not possible to independently verify the report.

Al Jazeera TV reported that Abdel Moneim al Honi, Libya’s permanent representative to the Arab League, had resigned his post over treatment of protesters. Libya’s ambassador to India also told the BBC that he had resigned.

The head of the Al-Zuwayya tribe in eastern Libya threatened to cut off oil exports unless authorities stop what he called the “oppression of protesters,” Al Jazeera quoted him as saying on Sunday.
Jamal Eddin Mohammed, a 53-year-old resident of Benghazi, said thousands marched Sunday toward the city’s cemetery to bury at least a dozen protesters. They feared clashes with the government when they passed by Gadhafi’s residential palace and the regime’s local security headquarters.
“Everything is behind that (Gadhafi) compound; hidden behind wall after wall. The doors open and close and soldiers and tanks just come out, always as a surprise, and mostly after dark,” he told The Associated Press by telephone.

Time to leave:

22 FEBR. 2011, 12:38 by The Economist online | SALLOUM TRIBAL forces have established control across Eastern Libya since the police forces abandoned their posts a week ago, according to migrant workers fleeing the country via Egypt in their thousands. A last ditch attempt by mercenaries flown in from Chad, Zimbabwe, and Guinea and gunmen firing from helicopters to re-establish Muammar Qaddhafi’s hold left a bloody trail, but no change to the tribal takeover. The scale of the violence contrasts markedly with North Africa’s largely peaceful uprisings.

The uprising that is trying to reclaim Libya from the world’s longest-ruling autocrat has also unleashed a wave of looting and destruction—much of it targeting foreign-managed projects, according to Egyptian, Turkish and British nationals, and some Libyans arriving in the Egyptian border crossing at Salloum. Underpinning much of the violence is anger at oil-rich Libya’s transformation into a rentier state in which foreign companies won the prime government contracts and thousands of foreign workers from China, Egypt and Vietnam secured many jobs. Widespread killing by African mercenaries wearing orange construction hard-hats for helmets has further turned popular Libyan sentiment against foreigners.

A Libyan construction worker arriving from Baida, the scene of the first uprising, blamed the damage on an outpouring of years of frustration at Mr Qaddhafi’s foreign adventures and white elephant infrastructure projects while most Libyans lived on in poverty. Another worker from Baida circulated a mobile phone recording of the lynching of an African he said had been a mercenary who confessed to receiving $12,000 for each Libyan he shot. Others showed recordings of dead mutilated African bodies, and a Tunisian they claimed had worked with deposed Tunisian leader Ben Ali’s republican guard.

Migrant workers describe tribesmen descending on their compounds with guns and swords, demanding their car-keys at knifepoint, confiscating their belongings and torching their pre-fab bungalows. Armed tribesmen arrived with ten trucks to loot their project, including eighty computers, according to a British contractor working on an extension to Omar Mukhtar Unversity, in the eastern city of Darna. A Turkish contractor arriving from Tobruk also reported tens of millions of dollars in damage to sewage infrastructure. Finally the regime was investing in its people, said the British project manager, who watched looters torch his part of a $2.5 billion project to upgrade 25 universities.

In their reclaimed towns, including Benghazi, the country’s second city, the migrant workers report that Libyan youths cruise the streets in their stolen cars using heavy weapons and even tanks looted from army bases. Security bases and checkpoints have been torched, and emblems of the Qaddhafi regime torched. Video images showed the current Libyan flag, introduced in 1977, replaced with that which flew under King Idriss, whom Qaddhafi overthrew in 1969. It has an Islamic crescent and star in its centre. Graffiti on a court-room celebrates the downfall of “the unbeliever” Mr Gaddhafi.

Egyptian workers arriving from Benghazi said the youths had formed popular committees to restore order, likening the situation to Egyptian groups which filled the vacuum after its police force abandoned their posts after the uprising there. But others spoke of violence. An Egyptian accountant working in Tobruk said youths wielding swords had taken his company’s bulldozers to capture arms from army arsenals. Hundreds of new Hyundai cars have disappeared from Darna port’s storage depot, and container ships docked in the harbour set on fire.  

U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon spoke to Gadhafi Monday by telephone, expressing deep concern over the escalating violence and saying it must stop immediately, a statement obtained by NBC News said.

“Libyan officials have stated their commitment to protecting and safeguarding the right of peaceful protest,” said Philip Crowley, assistant secretary of state

, in a statement. “We call upon the Libyan government to uphold that commitment and hold accountable any security officer who does not act in accordance with that commitment.” A U.S. official ssaid that Seif al-Islam Gadhafi’s televised statements were being analyzed to see if there were prospects for meaningful reform. British Foreign Secretary William Hague said he spoke to Seif al-Islam by phone and told him that the country must embark on “dialogue and implement reforms,” the Foreign Office said.  One of the British firms heavily involved in selling military equipment to Libya has defended its business practices. NMS International has sold armored vehicles to the Libyan regime which have allegedly been used to quell demonstrations.
The firm, based in Market Harborough, Leicestershire, has also been training the Libyan police on how to control riots. It has organized delegations of British companies to visit Libya to sell a wide range of military equipment at two arms fairs. NMS, whose directors claim to have sold more than £1bn worth of exports in the last decade, was also hired to train Libyan police officers to use so-called “non-lethal weapons” to contain demonstrators. He added that the weapons included guns which fire teargas. 

  Oliver said: “I don’t have a problem with that. What we have taught them is the British policing system and using an escalated response and not carrying any lethal weapons.” He added this involved the police giving rioters “lots and lots of warnings” before they used more forceful weapons. Oliver said that all their Libyan sales were approved by the British government. “We have worked very closely with our government all the way through.” 

In his speech, the younger Gadhafi conceded the army made some mistakes during the protests because the troops were not trained to deal with demonstrators, but he added that the number of dead had been exaggerated. He offered to put forward reforms within days that he described as a “historic national initiative” and said the regime was willing to remove some restrictions and begin discussions for a constitution. He offered to change a number of laws, including those covering the media and the penal code.
The White House said on Monday that it was analyzing Seif‘s speech to see what offers of meaningful reform it contained, NBC News reported. Seif promised “historic” reforms in Libya if protests stop, and on Monday state TV said he had formed a commission to investigate deaths during the unrest.The last straw for many people was the speech Sunday night by Gadhafi ‘s son.
Fragmentation is a real danger in Libya, a country of deep tribal divisions and a historic rivalry between Tripoli and Benghazi.
“People here in Benghazi are laughing at what he is saying. It is the same old story (on promised reform) and nobody believes what he says,” a lawyer in Libya’s second city told the BBC after watching the speech. “He is liar, liar, 42 years we have heard these lies.”
“The people, they want freedom,” he said. “Maybe 10 years ago, 20 years ago they would have listened. But not now — I don’t think we can accept that anymore … his father is not welcome in Libya anymore.”

“After Saif al-Islam‘s speech, the pro-Gadhafi people, especially the youth, were touring the streets, particularly in the center, cheering Gadhafi. These people stayed up the whole night, they were marching all night, some driving in cars,” the resident said.”They were in Green Square and along Omar al-Mokthar Street. I would say there were hundreds. The capital was largely shut down, with schools, government offices and most stores closed, as armed members of pro-government organizations called “Revolutionary Committees” circulated in the streets hunting for protesters in Tripoli’s old city, said one protester, named Fathi.  I talked to someone near the square where the clashes were taking place and he told me it was quiet and they (anti-government demonstrators) have now departed. Last night during the rioting there were police around and they were shooting into the air. But after that there have been no police around,” added the Tripoli resident. He said he saw helicopters overhead and acolumn of six tanks as he traveled through the city in the afternoon. He said for the most part the streets were empty of residents.

Youth volunteers were directing traffic and guarding homes and public facilities, said Najla, a lawyer and university lecturer in Benghazi. She and other residents said police had disappeared from the streets.

Benghazi’s airport was closed, according to an airport official in Cairo.

PART I Libya and the Imperial Re-Division of Africa The Imperialist Powers’ Odyssey of “Return” into Africa by Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya Plans to attack Libya have been longstanding. The imperial war machine of the United States, Britain, France, Italy, and their NATO allies is involved in a new military adventure that parallels the events that led to the wars against Yugoslavia and Iraq. The war machine has been mobilized under the cover of “humanitarian intervention.” In fact what the Pentagon and NATO have done is breach international law by intervening on the side of one of the combating parties in Libya in a civil war that they themselves have encouraged and fuelled. They have not protected civilians, but have launched a war against the Libyan regime in Tripoli and actively assisted the Benghazi-based Transitional Council in fighting the Libyan military. Before the rapprochement with Colonel Qaddafi, for years the U.S., Britain, France, and their allies worked to destabilize Libya. Confirmed by U.S. government sources, Washington attempted regime change in Tripoli several times.[1] According to General Wesley Clark, former NATO commander, the Pentagon had active plans for launching a war against Libya. The U.S. and its NATO allies are now embroiled in a new war which has the patented characteristics of the wars and invasions of Iraq and the former Yugoslavia. A large naval armada off the shores of Libya has been bombing Libya for weeks with the declared objective of ousting the Libyan regime. At the same time, Libyan internal divisions are being fuelled. Misinformation is systematically being spewed. Like Saddam Hussein before him, the U.S. and the E.U. have armed and helped Colonel Qaddafi. It is, therefore, important to hold the U.S. and the E.U. accountable for these weapon sales and the training of Libyan forces. Also, like in Iraq, another Arab dictator was befriended by the U.S., only to be subsequently betrayed.  Prior to Iraq’s rapprochement with the U.S., at the outset of the Iraq-Iran War, Saddam Hussein was a Soviet ally and considered an enemy by Washington. The case of Colonel Qaddafi is in many regards similar. Ironically, Qaddafi had warned Arab leaders in 2008 at a meeting in Damascus under the auspices of the Arab League about regime change. He pointed to the U.S. government’s “bad habit” of betraying its Arab dictator friends: Why won’t the [U.N.] Security Council investigate the hanging of Saddam Hussein? How could the leader of an Arab League state be hanged? I am not talking about Saddam Hussein’s policies or our [meaning the other Arab leaders] animosity towards him. We all had our disagreements with him. We all disagree with one another. Nothing unites us except this hall. Why is there not an investigation about Saddam Hussein’s execution? An entire Arab government is killed and hung on the gallows – Why?! In the future it is going to be your turns too! [The rest of the Arab officials gathered start laughing] Indeed! America fought alongside Saddam Hussein against Khomeini [in the Iraq-Iran War]. He was their friend. Cheney was a friend of Saddam Hussein. Rumsfeld, the [U.S.] defence secretary during the bombing of Iraq [in 2003], was a close friend of Saddam Hussein. At the end they sold him out. They hung him. Even you [the Arab leaders] who are the friends of America – no I will say we – we, the friends of America, America may approve of our hanging one day. [2] At the end of the 1991 Gulf War, the U.S. deliberately encouraged open revolt against Saddam Hussein’s regime, but stood back and watched as Saddam Hussein put down the Iraqi revolts by force. In 2011, they have done the same thing against Qaddafi and his regime in Libya. Not only was the revolt in Libya instigated by Washington and its allies, the rebels have been supplied with weapons and military advisers. When the U.S. and its allies triggered the anti-Saddam revolts in Baghdad in the wake of the Gulf War, “no-fly zones” over Iraq were established by the U.S., Britain, and France under the pretext of protecting “the Iraqi people from Saddam.” For years Iraq was systematically attacked. The Iraqi Republic was bombed and its capabilities to defend itself were eroded. Today, the U.S. and its allies have imposed a no-fly zone over Libya with the pretext of protecting “the Libyan people from Qaddafi.” If they wanted to protect the Libyan people from Qaddafi, why did they arm Qaddafi in the first place? Why did they enter into business transactions in the wake of the 2006 and 2008 anti-government riots in Libya? There is much more to this narrative, which is part of a broader march to war. A New Imperial Re-Division of Africa: The London Conference The London Conference on Libya reveals the true colours of the coalition formed against Libya. In a clear breach of international law, the U.S., Britain, France, Germany, and their allies are making decisions about the future of Libya ahead of any changes on the ground. [4] Democracy is a bottom-up process and Libyan governance is an internal matter to be decided upon by the Libyans themselves. These decisions can not be made by foreign powers that have been the staunch supporters of some of the worst dictatorships. The nations gathered at the conference table in London have no right whatsoever to decide on whether Qaddafi must stay or go. This is a sovereignty right that only Libyans alone have. Their involvement in the civil war is a breach of international law, as is their siding with one of the camps in the civil war. The London Conference on Libya can be likened to the Berlin Conference of 1884. Unlike 1884, this conference is aimed at dividing the spoils of war in Libya, instead of the direct carving up of an entire continent. Also, Washington, instead of staying away like in 1884, is the leading power in this new conference involving the affairs of the African continent.    The position of the U.S. and its Western European allies is very clear: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and British Foreign Secretary William Hague led the crisis talks in London between 40 countries and institutions, all seeking an endgame aimed at halting Gadhafi’s bloody onslaught against Libya’s people. Although the NATO-led airstrikes on Gadhafi’s forces that began March 19 aren’t aimed at toppling him, dozens of nations agreed in the talks that Libya’s future does not include the dictator at the helm. “Gadhafi has lost the legitimacy to lead, so we believe he must go. We’re working with the international community to try to achieve that outcome,” Clinton told reporters. As she spoke, U.S. officials announced that American ships and submarines in the Mediterranean had unleashed a barrage of cruise missiles at Libyan missile storage facilities in the Tripoli area late Monday and early Tuesday — the heaviest attack in days. German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle echoed Clinton’s point. “One thing is quite clear and has to be made very clear to Gadhafi: His time is over. He must go,” Westerwelle said. “We must destroy his illusion that there is a way back to business as usual if he manages to cling to power.” [4] The London Conference on Libya, however, not only deals solely with Libya, but holds the blue prints to a new imperialist re-division of the entire Africa continent. Libya, which became a holdout when Qaddafi changed his mind, will be used to complete the “Union of the Mediterranean” and as a new bridgehead into Africa. This is the start of major steps that will be taken by the U.S. and the E.U. to purge the growing Chinese presence from Africa. A New Imperial Re-Division of Africa: “Operation Odyssey Dawn” The name “Operation Odyssey Dawn” is very revealing. It identifies the strategic intent and direction of the war against Libya. The Odyssey is an ancient Greek epic by the poet Homer which recounts the voyage and trails of the hero Odysseus of Ithaca on his way home. The main theme here is the “return home.” The U.S. and the imperialist powers are on their own odyssey of “return” into Africa. This project is also intimately related to the broader military agenda in Southwest Asia and the drive into Eurasia, which ultimately targets Russia, China, and Central Asia. Washington’s military agenda pertains  to the African and the Eurasian landmass, namely a supercontinent known as the “World-Island.” It is control of the World-Island that is the object of U.S. strategies. The U.S. and NATO have triggered a civil war in Libya, as their pretext for longstanding plans of military aggression. A systematic media disinformation campaign, similar to the one used against Iraq from 1991 to 2003, has been launched. In fact, the media has led the way for the war in Libya as it did in the former Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, and Iraq. The U.S. and its cohorts have also used the atmosphere of popular revolt in the Arab World as a cloud to insert and support their own agenda in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The Libyan Prize of the Mediterranean  There is an old Libyan proverb that says “if your pocket becomes empty, your faults will be many.” In this context, Libyan internal tensions are not dominated by breadbasket issues. This sets Libya apart from Arab countries like Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Morocco, and Jordan. [5] In Libya, the lack of freedom as well as rampant corruption has created opposition to the regime, which has been used by the U.S. and its allies as a pretext to justify foreign intervention.  Libya has come a long way since 1951 when it became an independent country. In 1975, the political scientist Henri Habib described these conditions: When Libya was granted its independence by the United Nations on December 24, 1951, it was described as one of the poorest and most backward nations of the world. The population at the time was not more than 1.5 million, was over 90% illiterate, and had no political experience or knowhow. There were no universities, and only a limited number of high schools which had been established seven years before independence. [6] According to Habib the state of poverty in Libya was the result of the yoke of Ottoman domination followed by an era of European imperialism in Libya. [7] Habib explains: “Every effort was made to keep the Arab inhabitants [of Libya] in a servile position rendering them unable to make any progress for themselves or their nation.” [8]  He also explains: The climax of this oppression came during the Italian administration (1911 – 1943) when the Libyans were not only oppressed by the [foreign] authorities, but were also subjected to the loss and deprivation of their most fertile land which went to colonists brought in from Italy. The British and French who replaced the Italians in 1943 attempted to entrench themselves in [Libya] by various divisive ways, ultimately to fail through a combination of political events and circumstances beyond the control of any one nation. [9] Despite political mismanagement and corruption, Libya’s oil reserves (discovered in 1959) were used to improve the standard of living for its population. Libya has the highest standards of living in Africa. In addion to its energy reserves, the Libyan state played an important role. Libyan energy reserves were nationalized after the 1969 coup against the Libyan monarchy. It should be noted that these Libyan energy reserves are a source of wealth in Libya that if fully privatized would be a lucrative spoil of war. To a certain extent, the isolation of Libya in the past as a pariah state has also played a role in insulating Libya. As most of the world has become globalized from an economic standpoint, Libyan integration into the global economy has in a sense been delayed. Despite having vast sums of money stolen and squandered by Qaddafi’s family and their officials, social services and benefits, such as government housing, are also available in Libya. It has to be cautioned too that none of this means that neo-liberal restructuring and poverty are not afoot in Libya, because they very much are. Until the conflict in 2011 ignited, there was a huge foreign work force in Libya. Thousands of foreign workers from every corner of the globe went to Libya for employment. This included nationals from Turkey, China, sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, the European Union, Russia, Ukraine, and the Arab World. Neo-Liberalism and the New Libya: Saif Al-Islam Qaddafi and Rapprochement From 2001 to 2003, a process of rapprochement began between Libya and the U.S. and its E.U. partners. What changed? Colonel Qaddafi did not stop being a dictator or change his behaviour. Rapprochement brought an end to Tripoli’s defiance to its former colonial masters. Libya had bowed to U.S. and E.U. pressures and a modus vivandi came into effect. Qaddafi’s credentials as a democrat or a dictator were never an issue. Nor was the use of brute force. Subservience was the real issue. The force used against the riots in 2006 and 2008 did not even faze the E.U. and Washington, which continued their “business as usual” with Tripoli. Even U.S. government sources implied that economic interests should not be jeopardized by issues of international law or justice; for example, BP pressured the British government in 2007 to move forward with a prisoner exchange with Libya so that a Libyan oil contract could be protected. [10] Almost overnight, Libya became a new business bonanza for U.S. and E.U. corporations, especially in the energy sectors. These lucrative contracts also included military contracts of the order of $482 million (U.S.) in military hardware, training, and software from E.U. members (including chemical and biological agents). [11] Yet, two more things were demanded by Washington, namely the imposition of an imperial tribute as well as the the opening up of the Libyan military and intelligence apparatus to U.S. influence. As a result Libya ended all support for the Palestinians and handed the U.S. government its dossiers on resistance groups opposed to Washington, London, Tel Aviv and their allies. This turned Libya into a so-called “partner” in the “Global War on Terrorism.” Washington would get involved in all aspects of Libyan state security: Although U.S. sanctions on Libya were lifted in 2004 and terrorism-related restrictions on foreign assistance were rescinded in 2006, Congress acted to limit the Bush Administration’s ability to provide foreign assistance to Libya as a means of pressuring the Administration and the Libyan government to resolve outstanding terrorism claims. The Bush Administration’s October 2008 certification […] ended standing restrictions on the provision of U.S. foreign assistance contained in appropriations legislation for FY2008 and FY2009. Assistance requests submitted by the Bush and Obama Administrations for FY2009 and FY2010 included funding for programs to reengage with Libyan security forces after “a 35-year break in contact” with their U.S. counterparts and to support Libyan efforts to improve security capabilities in areas of common concern, such as border control, counterterrorism, and export/import monitoring. [12] Libya has also become active in global banking and finance. The U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of New York even made 73 loans to the Arab Banking Corporation (ABC), which is a bank mostly owned by the Central Bank of Libya, totalling an amount of $35 billion (U.S.). [13] According to Senator Bernard Sanders of Vermont in a complaint to U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Benjamin Bernanke, the mostly Libyan-owned bank received over $26 billion (U.S.) in near zero interest rate loans from the U.S. Federal Reserve that it has been lending back to the U.S. Treasury at a higher interest rate. [14] The Arab Banking Corporation is currently exempted from sanctions on Libya and may serve in creating a fiscal link between Wall Street and Benghazi. Saif Al-Islam Qaddafi was vital in this process of opening up Libya to trade with Washington and the European Union. In 2000 Saif Al-Islam graduated from a university in Austria and became heavily tied to foreign associates who became his policy advisors and friends. Prince Andrew of Britain reportedly became a close friend of Said Al-Islam: so close that Chris Bryant, a senior Labour Party politician, demanded in the British House of Commons that Prince Andrew be removed from his position as special trade envoy at the start of the conflict with Libya. [15] Western advisors to Tripoli played an important role in shaping Libyan policy. A “New Libya” started to emerge under Saif Al-Islam, who pushed for the adoption of IMF-style neo-liberal economic reforms. Starting in 2005-2006, significant social and income disparities started to emerge in Libya. The Libyan Revolutionary Committees Movement was in large part disbanded by Saif Al-Islam. Had the Committees Movement remained, they would most probably have sought to prevent the present conflict from escalating. Moreover, Saif Al-Islam went to London and established ties in Britain with Noman Benotman, a former leader of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG). [16] He became friends with Benotman. Supported by Saif Al-Islam, Benotman and Ali Al-Sallabi, a Libyan citizen based in Qatar (who was on Tripoli’s terrorist list), negotiated a truce between the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group and the Libyan government. It is also worth noting that all the ministers and ambassadors who defected or left Libya were chosen by Saif Al-Islam. As in the case of the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, the neo-liberal reforms applied in Libya created social and income disparities which in turn contributed to political instability.    Rapprochement with Tripoli and Imperial Extortion In late-2008, the U.S. government got Tripoli to pay what was tantamount to an “imperial tribute.” Libya capitulated and agreed to an uneven reparation agreement with Washington. The agreement is called the “Claims Settlement Agreement between the United States of America and the Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab.” Under the agreement Libya would concede $1.3 billion U.S. dollars to Washington, while Washington would give the Libyans $300 million U.S. dollars. Article 4 of the agreement’s annex states: Once contributions to the Fund Account reach the amount of U.S. $1.8 billion (one billion eight hundred million U.S. dollars), the amount of U.S. $1.5 billion (one billion five hundred million U.S. dollars) shall be deposited into Account A [the U.S. account] and the amount of U.S. $300 million (three hundred million U.S. dollars) shall be deposited into Account B [Libya’s account], which in both cases shall constitute the receipt of resources under Article III (2) of the Agreement. [17] Despite all this, Libya has remained a relatively wealthy country. In 2010, Tripoli even made an offer to buy a portion of British Petroleum (BP), one of the world’s largest corporations. [18] The National Oil Company of Libya also remains one of the largest oil companies in the world. Even with the lucrative business deals that resulted from the rapprochement, the U.S. and the E.U. have always had an objective of furthering their gains and control. The E.U. powers and Washington merely waited for the right opportunity. Plans for taking over and controlling Libya and the Libyan energy sector were never abandoned. Nor could Washington and Western Europe accept anything less than a full-fledged puppet government in Libya. Upheaval and Qaddafi’s Response Even with the rapprochement with Tripoli, the U.S. and its E.U. partners continued to cultivated ties to so-called “opposition” figures and organizations with a view to implementing regime change at some future date. This is why the National Salvation Front of Libya has been mostly active in Washington. In the words of a timely Congressional Research Service (CRS) report (February 18, 2011): The National Conference for the Libyan Opposition (an umbrella organization of opposition groups headed by the National Libyan Salvation Front (NLSF) […]) and Internet-based organizers called for a “day of rage” to take place on February 17. Similar events had been organized by anti-government groups in many other countries in the Middle East and North Africa over the previous month. On February 17, [2011] hundreds of protestors took to the streets in Benghazi and in other cities in its vicinity. [19] Colonel Qaddafi has ruled Libya under a harsh dictatorship that has systematically used violence and fear. Yet, the level of violence that has put Libya in a state of upheaval has been distorted. [20] Many of the initial reports coming out of Libya in early-2011 were also unverified and in many cases misleading. These reports have to be studied very carefully. According to the same CRS report prepared for the U.S. Congress, initial reports all came from “local [Libyan] media accounts, amateur video footage and anecdotes, and reports from human rights organizations and opposition groups in exile.” [21] Qaddafi’s objectives are to preserve his regime and not to undo it. After Qaddafi became aware of the growing foreign threat directed towards his regime, the use of force was on the whole restrained. The regime in Tripoli did not want to give further excuses to the U.S., the E.U., and NATO for military intervention in Libya. Qaddafi had exercised restraint for the sake of preserving his dictatorship. The Libyan regime knew very well that a bloody civil war would be used as a justification for intervention under a humanitarian pretext. That is why Qaddafi opted to try to negotiate where he could instead of using force. The use of violence is not to the favour of the Libyan regime or Libya, but rather works in the favour of the U.S. and the E.U. states. Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya specializes on the Middle East and Central Asia. He is a Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG).  NOTES 1     Christopher M. Blanchard and James Zanotti,  “Libya: Background and U.S. Relations,” Congressional Research Service, February 18, 2011, p.12; the source quoted are as follows: Joseph T. Stanik, El Dorado Canyon: Reagan’s Undeclared War with Qaddafi, (Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 2003); Bernard Gwertzman, “Shultz Advocates U.S. Covert Programs to Depose Qaddafi,” The New York Times, April 28, 1986; and Clifford Krauss, “Failed Anti-Qaddafi Effort Leaves U.S. Picking Up the Pieces,” The New York Times, March 12, 1991. 2     Muammar Qaddafi, Speech at the Twentieth Arab League Summit in Damascus (Address, Twentieth Arab League Summit, Damascus, Syria: March 29, 2008). 3     David Stringer, “Top envoys agree Libya’s Moammar Gadhafi must step down but don’t discuss arming rebels,” Associated Press (AP), March 29, 2011. 4     Ibid. 5     This does not mean that the issues in these Arab countries are exclusively breadbasket issues, because personal freedom and corrupt rule are also major motivations for public anger in the respective Arab societies of the mentioned states. What this means is that the issue of economic livelihood is an important factor in these other protests. Also, the 2008 Libyan protests were reported to be also be tied to unemployment, but economic issues are not the driving force in the events taking place in Libya. 6     Henri Pierre Habib, Politics and Government of Revolutionary Libya (Montmagny, Québec: Le Cercle de Livre de France Ltée, 1975) p.1. 7     Ibid. 8     Ibid. 9     Ibid. 10   Blanchard and Zanotti, “Libya: Background and U.S.,” Op. cit., pp.12-13. 11   European Union, “Twelfth Annual Report According to Article 8(2) of Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP Defining Common Rules Governing Control of Exports of Military Technology and Equipment,” Official Journal of the European Union, vol. 24 (C9) (February 13, 2011): pp.160-162; This is about 344 million euros. The conversation rate used to present the value of these contracts is 1 euro equals 1.40279 U.S. dollars (based on the exchange rate on March 8, 2011). 12   Blanchard and Zanotti, “Libya: Background and U.S.,” Op. cit., pp.13-14. 13   Donal Griffin and Robert Ivry, “Libya-Owned Arab Banking Corp. Drew at Least $5 Billion From Fed in Crisis,” Bloomberg, April 1, 2011. 14   Bernard Sandards, Letter to Ben S. Bernanke, Timothy Geithner, and John Walsh, March 31, 2011: <http://sanders.senate.gov/graphics/libya_letter.pdf&gt;. 15   British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News, “Duke of York must lose trade job, says Labour MP,” February 29, 2011. 16   It would be Noman Benotman who would arrange for Musa Al-Kusa’s defection to Britain. 17   Claims Settlement Agreement between the United States of America and the Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, August 14, 2008, p.4; the CRS report being cited herein also mentions this, but makes a mistake about the amount being given to Libyan and asserts that it is “$300 billion.” 18   Andrew England and Simeon Kerr, “Libya hints at taking stake in BP,” Financial Times, July 5, 2010. 19   Blanchard and Zanotti,  “Libya: Background and U.S.,” Op. cit., p.5; it is worthy to note that the two researchers quote the Saudi-owned Asharq Al-Awsat (the specific article cited is as follows: Khaled Mahmoud, “Gaddafi ready for Libya’s ‘Day of Rage,’” Asharq Al-Awsat, February 9, 2011) which interestingly enough makes a link between previous Libyan protests on February 17, 2006 about the offensive cartoons published in Denmark about the Prophet Mohammed that transformed into anti-Qaddafi protests. 20   This fact in no way justifies any of the state violence in Libya, but has to be examined. The context of the violence in Libya has to also be looked over too. 21   Blanchard and Zanotti, “Libya: Background and U.S.,” Op. cit., p.5.

Global Research Articles by Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya

The Media War on Libya: Justifying War through Lies and Fabrications

by Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya

In the first part of this text , the events that led to the conditions that set the backdrop for the present conflict in Libya were discussed.The present text examines the events which were conducive to the NATO-led war on Libya. Media distortion and misinformation have played a major role in opening the door to war in North Africa. The media has done nothing less than create a justification for war through a series of lies.

Libya and the Imperial Re-Division of Africa The Imperialist Powers’ Odyssey of “Return” into Africa – by Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya – 2011-04-26 The War on Libya – PART II

The Violence in Benghazi

The starting epicentre of the violence in Libya was Benghazi, which is located within the boundaries of the coastal region of Cyrenaica or Barqa.[1] According to the U.S. government’s own sources:

On the evening of February 15, [2011] the […] demonstrations began when several hundred people gathered in front of the Benghazi police headquarters to protest the arrest of attorney and human rights activist Fethi Tarbel. As the February 17 [2011] “day of rage” neared, protests escalated in Benghazi and other cities despite reported police attempts at dispersion with water cannons, tear gas, rubber bullets, and batons. There were multiple reports of protestors setting police and other government buildings on fire.[2]

The maelstrom erupted in Benghazi after a group of protesters entered into a local barrack to take the weapons in the armoury. When this happened, the Libyan forces in the local garrison reacted by firing upon the protesters. From there, the situation in Benghazi escalated and things spiralled out of control.

A pause is in order and has to be taken here. This is where critical analysis is needed. There are two ways to perceive the events in Benghazi. One perspective is from the standpoint of a revolutionary and the other is from the perspective of the state and the soldiers. If all biases are put aside both perspectives will have their adherents.

It must be stated that the Libyan authorities for years have oppressed political opposition and that people have the right to resist tyranny.[3] On the other hand, it has to be understood that in any country, including the United States and Britain, soldiers and security forces will fire on people who attack a military or police compound with the intention of acquiring weapons.[4] In this sense the events in Libya are fundamentally different from those of Egypt. 

The point is not the legitimacy of what happened when soldiers and security forces opened fire but rather the fact that the governments which have accused Tripoli are hypocritical. These same governments would have responded in exactly the same way. 

There is no monopoly on violence at the level of the state. The Kent State University Massacre of May 4, 1970, when peaceful anti-war student protesters in Ohio were killed by the U.S. National Guard, is proof of this. One only needs to look at the reactions of the White House, London, and the E.U. towards the atrocities in Bahrain against an unarmed civilian population fighting for elementary human rights to see how phony their crocodile tears and postures are. It is also the U.S. that arranged for the Al-Sauds to intervene militarily in Bahrain and to militarily suppress the Bahraini people.

Double-Standards about Libya and Bahrain and other Arab Dictatorships

In Egypt, the U.S. and the E.U. called for restraint from both the protesters and the Mubarak regime and asked for both sides to negotiation with one another. The calls for restraint were pure hypocrisy. The U.S. and the E.U. made the calls for restraint to both sides even though the Egyptian protesters were unarmed and peaceful and the Mubarak regime was the side that was using violence and was the solely armed party. Calls of restraint should have been made only to the Egyptian regime and not to the peaceful unarmed protesters. The cases of Bahrain and Tunisia are in this regards similar.

A totally different attitude has been applied by the U.S. and the E.U. to Libya than the attitude that has been applied to Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain, Oman, Yemen, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and the corrupt Palestinian Authority. No sanctions were applied against the authorities in Bahrain by the U.S. and the E.U. when the Bahraini military without warning blatantly attacked peaceful protesters in Manama’s Pearl Square. The Bahraini protesters were completely peaceful, but this did not stop the ruling Al-Khalifas from ordering indiscriminate live firings on the crowds of Bahraini protesters.

In Bahrain a reign of terror and murder has been unleashed on the Bahraini people by the Al-Khalifas and the Al-Sauds, which has merely been ignored by the E.U. and Washington. A whole population is being systematically terrorized by an unwanted, hated, and foreign-imposed ruling family. Hospitals and children have been brutally attacked. Doctors and union leaders have been killed. Mosques have been bulldozed to the ground and an entire population has been put into detention. Bahrain is a second Palestine. Ironically, the Al-Khalifas have been thanked by Washington, NATO, and the leaders of the E.U. for joining the coalition against the Libyans. The Al-Khalifa regime has also been presented by the U.S. and the E.U. as a model Arab government.

In a blatant act of hypocrisy, the regimes of the Arab petro-sheikhdoms, which pushed forward an Arab League demand for a no-fly zone over Libya, have been presented as stewards and representatives of the Arab masses by Hillary Clinton and E.U. leaders. [5] How are they representatives of the Arab peoples, Arab choices, or even Arab popular opinion? The Arab Gulf (Khaliji) emirs are the anti-thesis of popular represenatation.

In reality these Arab sheikhdoms are a few individuals who act as they like and are not representative of any of the views of their own citizens in any way. So it is extremely phony and two-faced when Hillary Clinton, Monsieur Sarkozy, and David Cameron present these Arab sheikhdoms as representatives of the Arab people and of Arab positions. These Arab despots are not the representatives of the sentiments of Arabdom, they only represent themselves and repress real Arab sentiments.

In contrast to the verbal condemnations and sanctions against Libya, no actions were taken against the Al-Khalifas in Bahrain. While the jet attack claims against Libyans were fabricated, the evidence of indiscriminate firing on protesters – including by tanks – were verified by video footage from within Bahrain and by human rights groups. The reactions to Bahrain and Libya and the media reports about both Arab countries have been diametrically opposed.

Double-Standards about Mercenaries

Most of the forces used by the Al-Khalifahs in Bahrain are foreigners and mercenaries. This includes foreign military personnel from both Jordan and Saudi Arabia. As mentioned earlier, the Al-Sauds even sent military reinforcements to Bahrain to crush the civilian protests. Yet, there has been a systematic and exaggerated emphasis placed on Qaddafi’s foreign mercenaries.

Has the use of foreign mercenaries in Bahrain been highlighted by the media? The answer is no.

Moreover, the U.S., Britain, France, and their allies are not in any position based on moral grounds to criticize Tripoli for using mercenaries. All these powers actively and openly use and employ mercenaries – far more than Libya – under the terminologies of private contractors or security firms.

Britain even has a whole brigade of mercenaries, the Brigade of Gurkhas, which even trains with U.S. forces.

The French Foreign Legion is also a group of foreign soldiers employed by Paris. Washington itself is the largest employer of mercenaries and bounty hunters on the planet.

This is also the reason why the sixth section of the U.N. sanctions resolution 1970 (Peace and Security in Africa) passed against Tripoli by the U.N. Security Council specifically prevents mercenaries from countries that are not signatories to the International Criminal Court (I.C.C.) from being prosecuted. [6] Additionally, this is tied to British and U.S. plans to send an army of mercenaries into Libya as part of their future ground operations. Resolution 1970 Article 6 states:

Decides that nationals, current or former officials or personnel from a State outside the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya which is not a party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of that State for all alleged acts or omissions arising out of or related to operations in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya established or authorized by the Council, unless such exclusive jurisdiction has been expressly waived by the State[.] [7]

The Daily Telegraph in Britain has also pointed this out in an informative news commentary which exposes the double-standards applied under the name of international justice and humanitarianism: 

The key paragraph said that anyone from a non-ICC country alleged to have committed crimes in Libya would “be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction” of their own country. It was inserted despite Susan Rice, the US ambassador to the UN, saying that all those “who slaughter civilians” would “be held personally accountable”.

Speaking to reporters outside the council chamber, Gerard Araud, the French UN ambassador, described the paragraph as “a red line for the United States”, meaning American diplomats had been ordered by their bosses in Washington to secure it. “It was a deal-breaker, and that’s the reason we accepted this text to have the unanimity of the council,” said [Gerard] Araud. [8]

Resolution 1970 also puts an arms embargo on Tripoli and makes a whole set of demands from Libya that none of the other Arab states that are oppressing their populations have been asked to comply with. Even when reports of killings by government forces were being made, nothing of the sort was applied to Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen, Jordan, or Bahrain.

In another case of double-standards and a mockery, the Arab League has also suspended Libya from the pan-Arab organization due to its use of violence. The majority of the members of the Arab League, from the Palestinian Authority to Saudi Arabia and Egypt, have brutally used violence against peaceful protesters even while they were criticizing Libya. When other Arab leaders are also using force to suppress their own citizens they are being given a platform by the U.S. and the E.U. to spurn Libya. Using a phrase used by Palestinians, Lebanese, and Iraqis to describe the behaviour of the Arab sheikhdoms and presidential dictatorships against their countries, it can be said that another “Arab conspiracy” is taking place. Libya is being betrayed, just as the corrupt heads of the members of the Arab League betrayed Palestine, Lebanon, and Iraq.

Fuelling the Flames: Arming Both Sides

In Libya, the U.S. and its E.U. partners are fanning the flames of sedition. A prolonged civil war is in their interest. It allows them to weaken Libya as a state and it has allowed them to manipulate global public opinion in a managed discourse favouring interventionism. Both deception and the tactics of divide and conquer are at play. Simply stated, the U.S. and the E.U. are playing both sides. They have provided material support to both sides. They first supported Qaddafi through military hardware and training that lasted up until the start of 2011, while they now support the forces opposed to Qaddafi. If they refer to Libya as a “killing field” then it should be pointed it out that it is a “killing field” that they created and made possible.

Washington has had a hand in all of the violence in Libya. Neither the Bush Jr. Administration nor the Obama Administration have shied away from training the Libyan military:

For FY2010, the Obama Administration requested $350,000 in International Military Education and Training (IMET) funding for Libya to “support education and training of Libyan security forces, creating vital linkages with Libyan officers after a 35-year break in contact.” Participation in the IMET program also makes the Libyan government eligible to purchase additional U.S. military training at a reduced cost. The Bush Administration’s FY2009 request for IMET funding indicated that “the Government of Libya would pay for additional training and education with national funds.” However, no IMET funding was provided in FY2009, according to State Department budget documents.

The Obama Administration also requested Foreign Military Financing assistance for Libya for the first time in FY2010, with the goal of providing assistance to the Libyan Air Force in developing its air transport capabilities and to the Libyan Coast Guard in improving its coastal patrol and search and rescue operations. FY2011 FMF assistance is being requested to support Libyan participation in a program that assists countries seeking to maintain and upgrade their U.S.-made C-130 air transport fleets. [9]

London’s arms sales to Qaddafi’s government have also been significant: “According to the Department for Business Innovation [and] Skills (BIS), £181.7 million (Dh1.09 billion)-worth of arms export licences were granted from [Britain] to Libya in the third quarter of 2010 — up from £22 million in second quarter.” [10] On the basis of the agreements between Tony Blair and Colonel Qaddafi, Britain was even training members of the Libyan police force, including a major and a brigadier, at Huddersfield University in West Yorkshire during the start of the conflict in Libya. [11]

The double-standards being applied by these powers are visible in every nuance and fabric of their actions. The Associated Press (AP) unwittingly points this out in a report summing up the London Conference on Libya:

Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini said negotiations on securing Gadhafi’s exit were being conducted with “absolute discretion” and that there were options on the table that hadn’t yet been formalized.

“What is indispensable is that there be countries that are willing to welcome Gadhafi and his family, obviously to end this situation which otherwise could go on for some time,” he said.

Frattini had said earlier that he hoped some nation would offer a proposal.

But the Italian diplomat insisted there was no option of immunity for Gadhafi. “We cannot promise him a ‘safe-conduct’ pass,” he stressed. [12]

While they condemn Qaddafi, saying that he will have no “immunity,” they also are talking about a “safe-haven” where he will be immune. Furthermore, while the British have said that they know very little about the Transitional Council in Benghazi, Admiral James Stavridis  has told the U.S. Armed Service Committee that he is, either as the head of U.S. European Command (EUCOM) or NATO, very well aware of the composure of the opposition.[13] This is contradictory; in this case London says one thing, but the head of military operations for NATO says something else.

At the same time the U.S., Britain, and their allies have left open an option to even betray the Transitional Council. This is typical foreign policy behaviour for London, Washington, and their allies. William Hague has hinted about this: “‘We [meaning Britain, the U.S., and their allies] must never be complacent about the way events like this could turn out,’ Hague said. ‘If things go wrong in the region on a sustained basis, there could be new opportunities for terrorism or extremism.’” [14] Thus, the spectre of Al-Qaeda and its ties to the Transitional Council is starting to emerge in the picture and discourse.

The Propaganda War: Media Distortion about Libya

Perception management has been used to start the war against Libya and to garnish support for the aggression against Libya. This is part of a tradition that the Pentagon and NATO have followed. All the major wars the U.S. has fought in have involved major media lies. In Vietnam there was the Gulf of Tonkin incident, in Yugoslavia the claims of ethnic genocide, in Afghanistan the tragic events of 9/11 (September 11, 2011) were blamed on the Taliban, and in Iraq the lies about weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and cooperation between Baghdad and Osama bin Laden. The mainstream media has been the first line of attack in these wars of aggression.

In regards to Iraq, the U.S. government brought a false witness to the U.S. Congress who while pretending to be a Kuwaiti nurse testified that Iraqi soldiers threw 312 Kuwaiti babies out of incubators to die. [15] This was used to galvanize public opinion in the U.S. in order to go to war with Iraq in 1991. The infamous Nurse Nayirah testimony was given by Nijrah (Nayirah) Al-Sabah the daughter of the Kuwaiti envoy to Washington. She was even given acting lessons by a public relations (P.R.) firm before her false testimony, which George H. Bush Sr. referred to when justifying going to war with Iraq. [16]

 
Left: N. Al-Sabah under the alias of Nurse Nayirah telling the U.S. Congress that Iraqis killed Kuwaiti babies.
Right: Toppling of Saddam Hussein’s statue in Baghdad, a classical example of media distortion coordinated with the Pentagon. 

The Fabricated Jet Attacks on Civilians

At the end of the Gulf War, Saddam Hussein was demonized after he put down rebellions that were instigated by the U.S. and its allies. Now Qaddafi is presented like Saddam Hussein as a monster killing his own people. The justification for establishing the no-fly zones over Libya, which in effect was a smokescreen for launching an undeclared war, was the media claims that Libyan military jets were attacking civilian protesters. The Financial Times is worth quoting to illustrate how fake media reports were used to argue for military intervention by NATO leaders:

“We must not tolerate this regime using military force [referring to the the jet attacks] against its own people,” David Cameron, [the British] prime minister, said. “In that context I have asked the Ministry of Defence and the Chief of the Defence Staff to work with our allies on plans for a military no-fly zone.” [17]

U.S. and E.U. officials made hard verbal condemnations against Colonel Qaddafi when these reports about jets firing on protesters were made. There is nothing that corroborates this. The reports turned out to be false like the claims about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. These types of criminal fabrications should not be allowed to go unpunished either.

The Russian military was monitoring Libya from space and saw no signs of jet attacks on civilians. [18] No satellite evidence even showed damage caused by jets. Nor was one piece of video evidence produced about this, while all sorts of footage had been coming out of Libya. The Pentagon, the E.U., and NATO all had access to the same satellite technology and intelligence to verify if such attacks were made, which means that they knew the reports were false.

Libyan military planes only got involved later on during the conflict during missions to bomb ammunition depots to prevent the rebels from getting arms. This was fairly later in the conflict and after the media claims were made that jets were firing on protesters. Libyan air power was also virtually non-existent before and after the foreign intervention. Admiral Locklear, who is the U.S. Navy commander that led the attacks at the onset of the war, even told reporters that “[Libya’s] air force before coalition operations was ‘not in good repair,’ and that [Libya’s] tactical capability consisted of several dozen helicopters.” Despite this reality, Libyan air power was systematically portrayed as a major threat to Libyan civilians.

Who is behind the Massacres and Acts of Brutality in Libya?

Stories were also presented that Libyan forces were killing individuals from within their own ranks that refused to fight. Video evidence from within Libya actually proved that video footage presented alongside these reports about Libya was spun. It was not the Libyan forces that killed these men, but elements within the Libyan opposition. Videos showing torture and brutal treatment of civilians, including a small boy, by elements from within the ranks of the rebel fighters are also appearing.

 
It was claimed by the mainstream media that these men were killed by Qaddafi loyalists, but video evidence proves this is false.

The Salvador option is being used in Libya. Speculatively, these rebel elements were probably working as foreign agents. Footage has surfaced of a small boy in a Libyan hospital being helped by doctors after he was tortured. The doctors are looking at the little boy who has a thin pole shoved through his body, going through from near his penis all the way through to his left shoulder. The video demonstrates something very important. What happened to the little boy was not the work of any laymen. These were individuals who had to be trained in torture, because of the way the pole was sent through the body of the little boy who was not killed by the incision. This points to actors outside of Libya. These cases of torture resemble the brutal cases and murders that were being carried out in El Salvador and later in Anglo-American occupied Iraq.

It has to also be emphasized that Britain sent commandos into Iraq that were disguised as local Arabs to bomb local mosques and areas with civilians in order to create sectarian fighting amongst the Iraqis. [20] It is not beyond the realm of possibility that this is also being replicated amongst the Libyans and other Arab peoples in order to divide them and to fuel civil strife. Nor should the doctored pictures made by Britain and the U.S. about Iraqis greeting Anglo-American forces as liberators be forgotten either.

   
Members of the British SAS caught and arrested by Basra police in Iraq for planing to detonate explosives in a public area dressed as locals.

The Racist Demonization of Black Libyans by the Mainstream Media

Although Qaddafi has used mercenaries from Europe and Africa, racist and exaggerated reports about mercenaries were inseminated globally about the so-called “African mercenaries.” Many members of the Libyan military and the Libyan general population were presented as foreigners from other African countries. In reality, many Libyans are black-skinned.

Being an Arab does not ascribe one to any particular phenotype or physical look, because it is the use of the Arabic language that defines the Arab identity. Arabs can be black-skinned or of a Mediterranean complexion or of a fair-skinned complexion with blond hair. The same is true about being a Berber. This is also very true of all Libyans and other North Africans.

In Libya many Libyans are black-skinned. They are not foreigners or mercenaries. Amongst the Negroid Libyans are the Haratins (Harratins) and the Tuareg people (Kel Tamajaq or Kel Tamashq) in the south. These Libyans are as Libyan as the other inhabitants of the country. Although there are foreign mercenaries in Libya, what the outside media managed to do was present footage of some of these black-skinned Libyans serving in the Libyan military and police forces under the label of foreign mercenaries. This was done to demonize Qaddafi and to create an atmosphere for intervention, because Qaddafi was presented as killing his people with a massive army of African mercenaries. In addition, the plight and murder of the scores of “Black Libyans” or foreign workers from sub-Sahara(n) Africa, which in many cases were barbarically decapitated and mutilated, have been ignored and not even covered by the same media outlets that talked about Qaddafi using African mercenaries.

  
One of the group of men whose murder was falsely blaimed on Colonel Qaddafi.
He happens to be a black-skinned Libyan and he appears to be the highest ranking person there.

Misinformation about the Momentum of Anti-Qaddafi Protests

Leading up to the war on Libya, all sorts of inaccurate reports were fabricated by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), Sky News, CNN, and other major networks. For example Al Jazeera reported that Shokri Ghanem, a top energy official in Libya, had fled Libya, but Reuters confirmed that this was not true. [21] Ghamen protested to Al Jazeera’s misreporting in an interview with Reuters: “‘This is not true, I am in my office and I will be on TV in a few minutes’ Ghamen said by telephone.” [22]

At the very outset of the Anglo-American invasion of Iraq the Western media reported almost daily that U.S. tanks were near the gates of Baghdad. Something similar has been reported about Libya in regards to the anti-Qaddafi protests. Incorrect reports were also made about cities that had fallen, but in reality old videos were being aired or footage of other Libyan cities were being shown on network television. 

Other reports claimed that there was major fighting in Tripoli and parts of the city had fallen, when Tripoli was actually peaceful for days. Later on, the words “claim” and “claimed” were systematically used when these reports were made in an effort to vindicate distorted or incorrect information. On February 26, 2011 reports were made claiming that all the main Libyan cities were no longer under the control of the Libyan government.

This was false. Cities like Sabha (in central Libya), Sirte/Surt (on the coastal mid-point of Libya), Ghat (on the southern border with Algeria), Al-Jufra, Al-Azizya (close to Tripoli), and Tripoli itself were all under the control of Qaddafi’s government. [23] Overall the original coverage of the events in Libya grossly blew the violence out of proportion in order to justify the agenda of foreign intervention. Like the case of Iraq, with time the people of the world will realize this, but will those who helped create these fabricated reports be held accountable for starting and supporting a war?

At the start of the NATO intervention in North Africa, the Libyan government in Tripoli reported that French and Qatari fighter jets were shot down. The Libyan government exhibited on Jamahiriya News what it claimed were three downed French and two downed Qatari pilots. The news came during the opening salvos of the war and it was brief and was never discussed subsequently.[24] Additionally, the Libyan government and the Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation also tried to present the capture of an Italian civilian vessel as a military victory by Libya against Italy and NATO.

Despite what foreign media sources were claiming at the outset of the revolt, the Qaddafi government was in control of most of the country with the support of the majority of the population, specifically in the western and southern parts of Libya. Hereto, Qaddafi still has wide support within the security and military apparatus of his country, not to mention his own tribe, militias, and the common people of Tripoli.

What the war against Libya has done is widen Qaddafi’s base of support. Patriotism has been a huge factor. Many good people who opposed Qaddafi at one point or another have united and locked ranks with Qaddafi and his regime. They have done this, because they believe that they have to stand united to save Libya from falling prey to the U.S. and its coalition and becoming a new and divided colony. To them Qaddafi is not the real target, Libya and Africa are the real targets.

In a manner of speaking the good, the bad, and the ugly have been united under the Libyan regime’s ranks. This is also one of the reasons why the Pentagon and NATO are working to make sure that internal divisions in Libya continue to be fuelled. They will use the Libyan people against one another to divide Libya.

Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya specializes on the Middle East and Central Asia. He is a Research Associate for the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG).
 

Notes

1  Cyrenaica is a name that is being used more frequently now by the press and governments in North America and the European Union, including the U.S. government. It was a name used for Eastern Libya from antiquity. It was last officially used in Libya in the era of the monarchy.

2  Christopher M. Blanchard and James Zanotti,  “Libya: Background and U.S. Relations,” Congressional Research Service (CRS), February 18, 2011, p.6.

3  Thus, citizens have the right to take up arms against any illegitimate authority that uses violence to maintain control over them, whether this is an occupying power or an oppressive regime. It is under the umbrella of this principle that resistance movements carry arms and that the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution was created. The protesters in Benghazi could be understood as exercising a natural right in achieving their emancipation. To justify this, however, their motives and their intent have to be known. If chaos or emancipation were goals has to be questioned and if the riot started due to external actors must also be taken into play.

4  This does not justify the action of any governments or authorities, but it has to be acknowledged that it is standard practice.

5  Nicole Gaouette, “Clinton Says Arab League Vote for No-Fly Zone Changed Minds,” Bloomberg, March 16, 2011.

6  United Nations Security Council, U.N. Security Council Resolution 1970 (Peace and Security in Africa), 6491st Meeting, February 26, 2011, S/RES/1970 (2011): <http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/unsc_resolutions11.htm&gt;; the selection and wording of the name for Resolution 1970 was used as a means to disguise the violation of Libyan sovereignty.

7  Ibid., pp.2-3.

8  Jonathan Swaine, “Libya: African mercenaries ‘immune from prosecution for war crimes,’” The Daily Telegraph (U.K.), February 27, 2011.

9  Blachard and Zanotti, “Libya: Background and U.S.,” Op. cit, p.14.

10  Alice Johnson, “Fox Defend’s West’s arms sales to Libya,” Gulf News, April 3, 2011.

11  David Barrett and Rebecca Lefort, “Britain trains 100 members of Gaddafi’s feared police,” The Daily Telegraph (U.K.), March 6, 2011.

12  David Stringer, “Top envoys agree Libya’s Moammar Gadhafi must step down but don’t discuss arming rebels,” Associated Press (AP), March 29, 2011.

13  Ibid.; United States Senate Armed Services Committee, U.S. European Command and U.S. Strategic Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2012 and the Future Years Defense Program,112th Congress, 2011, 1st Session, 29 March 2011.

14  Stringer, “Top envoys agree,” Op. cit.

15  To Sell A War, Martyn Gregory (Thames Television. 1992).

16  Ibid.

17  Daniel Bombay, James Blitz, and Roula Khalaf, “West casts military net around Libya,” Financial Times, March 1, 2011.

18  “‘Airstrikes in Libya did not take place’ – Russian military,” News, Russia Today (RT) (Moscow: March 1, 2011); the RT report was made by journalist Irina Galushko.

19  Karen Parrish, “Task force commander provides Libya update,” American Forces Press Service, March 22, 2011.

20  British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News, “Iraq probe into soldier incident,” September 20, 2005.

21  Alexander Lawler, “Libya top oil official says still in office,” Reuters, March 31, 2011.

22  Ibid.

23  During the times of the reports, this was verified as incorrect through personal accounts from within Libya.

24  On a personal note, personal internal contacts in Libya tried to get the images of the pilots, which Libyan state-television had aired, and their information, but Libyan broadcasters would not release it. Security reasons were used to justify the decision. Libyan state-television also directed the personal contacts to the Intelligence Ministry, which would not release any of the information or the images. This was all preposterous, because the images were already aired and presented to the public in Libya.

25  David Zucchino, “The voice of Libya’s rebellion is up and spinning,” The Los Angeles Times, April 7, 2011.

26  Ibid.

27  Ibid.

28  David D. Kirkpatrick, “Hopes for a Qaddafi Exit, and Worries of What Comes Next,” The New York Times, March 21, 2011.

29  Russian News and Information Agency (RIA Novosti), “All five Russian journalists set free by Libyan rebels,” April 8, 2011; ITAR-TASS, “FM insists Russian journalists observe security rules in Libya,” April 9, 2011.

30  Kirkpatrick, “Hopes for a Qaddafi Exit,” Op. cit.

31  Liam Fox, “Liam Fox: Libya crisis shows why we’re right on defence reform,” The Sunday Telegraph (U.K.), February 26, 2011.

July 6, 2011

NATO War Crimes: Depleted Uranium Found in Libya by Scientists  http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=25510by Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya
Global Research, July 5, 2011

War crimes and crimes against humanity have been and continue to be committed in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya by NATO. Amongst these crimes, the Atlantic Alliance has been using depleted uranium against Libya, specifically civilians and civilian infrastructure. Bombed sites in Libya have been visited by professional scientists working in the Surveying and Collecting Specimens and Laboratory Measuring Group. The scientists and trained experts have conducted field surveys looking for radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) at bombed sites. The samples from these sites were then scientifically analyzed at the laboratories of the Nuclear Energy Institution of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Analysis in Libya through inductively coupled plasma has shown that several sites contain even higher than expected doses of uranium. Holes caused by NATO missiles also have high radioactive measurements, as do the fragments of NATO ordinance. Sites analyzed by the teams of scientists include Bab Al-Azizia and Souk Al-Ahad. The teams of scientists have found it hard to conduct their important work during the NATO bombings. They have put their health in jeopardy and their lives at risk. Moreover, many of these sites have been bombed numerous times and again on different days. This adds an extra dimension of danger to the teams. The U.S. and NATO are using “dirty bombs” in Libya. These are the countries that claim that Iran and Syria are attempting to make nuclear weapons. So far, however, it is these very same countries that are using weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and use nuclear technology in an irresponsible and criminal manner. An international war crimes tribunal is in order. The Obama Administration, Nicolas Sarkozy, David Cameron, and NATO cannot be allowed to stand with impunity. Examples of bombed civilian structures: © Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya, CRG and Réseau Voltaire, 2011. © Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya, CRG and Réseau Voltaire, 2011. © Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya, CRG and Réseau Voltaire, 2011. © Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya, CRG and Réseau Voltaire, 2011. Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya is a Research Associate for the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG). He is currently in Libya as an international observer and member of an international group of journalists and writers from Europe, North America and the Middle East.

Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya is a frequent contributor to Global Research.  Global Research Articles by Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya

Gearing Up For US/UK/FRANCE False Flag of Invasion For Libyan Assets/Oil/AFRICOM Expansion

Originally Posted by galantarie

We are not trying to get American reps on the Libyan “side” !. We want the USA to STOP THE BOMBING and leave Libyans alone. Gadhafi DID NOT START THIS WAR. FRANCE, the CIA and MI6 started the conflict.

You forgot the CFR… the CFR are the inciters and today’s world of evil motherfuckers. CFR is the “Contracted HITMAN for the CIA” It’s just that people, no matter where their origin and place be, are too ignorant to know how these groups and government agents work. Honsi Mubarak was going to purchase $4-5 Billion(With USAID money) in Russian advanced weaponry (Mig-29s, SU-35Ms, etc…) when the US refused to sell Egypt the F-15E Strike Eagle after Israeli agents infiltrated the Egyptian Air Forces and revealed their TOP GUN simulation war games were against Israel. Once the CFR/CIA/Mi6/DGSE ignited the rebellion, ousting of Mubarak, the CFR agents followed-up, they were on EVERY American news station, political dialog show… all of them. Additionally, the US State Department and their $60+ Billion in funds, use foreign nations to bribe nations governments and launder money back to US Military Industrial Complex, Oil, High Tech, Political corporations.

Bombing with depleted uranium huge-bunker busters that are contaminating the Great JAMAHIRIYA, the purity of the SAHARA water-way pipeline and killing and maiming thousands.

We’ve posted here on this problem happening in Libya… I personally put up former Congresswoman Cindy McKinney’s speeches by RT and US peace groups when she arrived back in the US last week. McKinney travel and spent 2 weeks with Independent/Freelance news sources, investigating and talking about this very problem. We all need to just communicate the usage of DU weaponry to everyone, to grow opposition to the destruction of a nation and it’s resources. Continue your communications on all the social networking avenues…

We are pleading for America to get out of this and stop the bombing. Is that too much to ask of the US Government?

Pleading to the Imperial Empire aka Washington DC is a waste of time. Their game plan conspiring with their usual accomplices/suspects was drafted long ago. Obama even purchased $1 Billion (first installment) in Russian HIND Mi/17/21 helicopters for the Afghani military for a UN abstention on 1973. China received lucrative contracts in both Afghanistan and Iraq for their abstention.

Who gave Obama the right to go against the law of his own land and bomb Libya?

Democracy is the false pretense to the people of choice. A Billion people protested around the planet on just one day, in opposition to George W Bush/Dick Chenney/etc invading Iraq. That didn’t stop them, there’s like 965 recorded lies on the pretense to invasion in Iraq, do you really think it will be any different with Washington DC telling the truth on Libya? Plea to the Africa nations, to allies to Libya, unfortunately, the global thugs, the banksters, and Money Masters have set the wheels in motion of what they want.

And now, Obama is planning a ground invasion as well? And you, COWSLEY are asking why we go to plea with American representatives? Do you know what is even occurring. IT IS MASS GENOCIDE!

We’re all aware what is going on in Libya… unfortunately, the American Corporate Media is the 4th Branch of the US Federal Government. They’re the Public Relations firms for whatever agenda the government desires. I’ll repeat it again, each week, executive representatives from all the major media outlets(TV/airwaves/print) meet at the White House to go over what news to push and what news to censor.

Here’s my favorite caption, pass it along, because this is how it all works, Germany did this False Flag Ops to Poland 1939. Obama just gave Chancellor Merkle the US Presidential Medal of Freedom… to keep her mouth shut and for Germany’s abstention from UN Res 1973:

Last edited by HOLLYWOOD; Today at 02:18 PM.

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Latest update: 11/07/2011

-France-Libya-Muammar Gaddafi

http://www.france24.com/en/20110711-gaddafi-government-“negotiating”-with-france-libya-france

Gaddafi regime ‘in talks with France’, says Saif al-Islam

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Saif al-Islam, the son of Libyan Leader Muammar Gaddafi, told an Algerian newspaper on Monday that his father’s administration was negotiating with the French government, rather than the rebel National Transitional Council.

By News Wires (text)

REUTERS – Saif al-Islam, a son of the Libyan leader, said his father’s administration was in talks with the French government, according to an interview published on Monday in an Algerian newspaper.

“The truth is that we are negotiating with France and not with the rebels,” the El Khabar newspaper quoted Saif al-Islam as saying in an interview in Tripoli.

“Our envoy to (Nicolas) Sarkozy said that the French president was very clear and told him ‘We created the (rebel) council, and without our support, and money, and our weapons, the council would have never existed’,” it quoted Saif al-Islam as saying.

“France said: ‘When we reach an agreement with you (Tripoli), we will force the council to cease fire’,” the newspaper quoted Gaddafi’s son as saying.

The comments were published a few hours after French Defence Minister Gerard Longuet, in a television interview, said it was time for the rebel National Transitional Council to come to the negotiating table with Gaddafi’s administration.

France has been one of the leading hawks in the Western coalition trying to force Gaddafi to relinquish power, but Longuet’s comments suggested a growing impatience with the progress of the campaign against the Libyan leader.